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  • Other Sources  (52)
  • 2015-2019  (52)
  • 2018  (24)
  • 2015  (28)
  • 1
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    Decadal variability of Eddy Kinetic Energy in the South Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent in an Ocean General Circulation Model (2018)
    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography, 48 (4). pp. 757-771.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: The Eddy Kinetic Energy (EKE) associated with the Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) in the western subtropical South Pacific is known to exhibit substantial seasonal and decadal variability. Using an eddy-permitting ocean general circulation model, which is able to reproduce the observed, salient features of the seasonal cycles of shear, stratification, baroclinic production and the associated EKE, we investigate the decadal changes of EKE. We show that the STCC region exhibits, uniquely among the subtropical gyres of the world’s oceans, significant, atmospherically forced, decadal EKE variability. The decadal variations are driven by changing vertical shear between the STCC in the upper 300 m and the South Equatorial Current below, predominantly caused by variations in STCC strength associated with a changing meridional density gradient. In the 1970s, an increased meridional density gradient results in EKE twice as large as in later decades in the model. Utilizing sensitivity experiments, decadal variations in the wind field are shown to be the essential driver. Local wind stress curl anomalies associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) lead to up- and downwelling of the thermocline, inducing strengthening or weakening of the STCC and the associated EKE. Additionally, remote wind stress curl anomalies in the eastern subtropical South Pacific, which are not related to the IPO, generate density anomalies that propagate westward as Rossby waves and can account for up to 30–40 % of the density anomalies in the investigated region.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Reconstructing Tropical Pacific Sea Level Variability for the Period 1961-2002 Using a Linear Multimode Model (2018)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 123 (3). pp. 2037-2048.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-19
    Description: Monthly mean sea level anomalies in the tropical Pacific for the period 1961-2002 are reconstructed using a linear, multi-mode model driven by monthly mean wind stress anomalies from the NCEP/NCAR and ERA-40 reanalysis products. Overall, the sea level anomalies reconstructed by both wind stress products agree well with the available tide gauge data, although with poor performance at Kanton Island in the western-central equatorial Pacific and reduced amplitude at Christmas Island. The reduced performance is related to model error in locating the pivot point in sea level variability associated with the so-called “tilt” mode. We present evidence that the pivot point was further west during the period 1993-2014 than during the period 1961-2002 and attribute this to a persistent upward trend in the zonal wind stress variance along the equator west of 160° W throughout the period 1961-2014. Experiments driven by the zonal component of the wind stress alone reproduce much of the trend in sea level found in the experiments driven by both components of the wind stress. The experiments show an upward trend in sea level in the eastern tropical Pacific over the period 1961-2002, but with a much stronger upward trend when using the NCEP/NCAR product. We argue that the latter is related to an overly strong eastward trend in zonal wind stress in the eastern-central Pacific that is believed to be a spurious feature of the NCEP/NCAR product.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    On the relationship between Atlantic Niño variability and ocean dynamics (2018)
    Springer
    In:  Climate Dynamics, 51 (1-2). pp. 597-612.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: The Atlantic Niño is the dominant mode of interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. Current coupled global climate models struggle to reproduce its variability. This is thought to be partly related to an equatorial SST bias that inhibits summer cold tongue growth. Here, we address the question whether the equatorial SST bias affects the ability of a coupled global climate model to produce realistic dynamical SST variability. We assess this by decomposing SST variability into dynamical and stochastic components. To compare our model results with observations, we employ empirical linear models of dynamical SST that, based on the Bjerknes feedback, use the two predictors sea surface height and zonal surface wind. We find that observed dynamical SST variance shows a pronounced seasonal cycle. It peaks during the active phase of the Atlantic Niño and is then roughly 4–7 times larger than stochastic SST variance. This indicates that the Atlantic Niño is a dynamical phenomenon that is related to the Bjerknes feedback. In the coupled model, the SST bias suppresses the summer peak in dynamical SST variance. Bias reduction, however, improves the representation of the seasonal cold tongue and enhances dynamical SST variability by supplying a background state that allows key feedbacks of the tropical ocean–atmosphere system to operate in the model. Due to the small zonal extent of the equatorial Atlantic, the observed Bjerknes feedback acts quasi-instantaneously during the dynamically active periods of boreal summer and early boreal winter. Then, all elements of the observed Bjerknes feedback operate simultaneously. The model cannot reproduce this, although it hints at a better performance when using bias reduction.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Intraseasonal variation of the East Asian summer monsoon associated with the MJO (2018)
    Wiley
    In:  Atmospheric Science Letters, 19 (4). Art.Nr. e794.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: We investigate the daily variability of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) by projecting daily wind anomaly data onto the two major modes of an interannual multivariate Empirical Orthogonal Functions analysis. Mode 1, closely resembling the Pacific-Japan (PJ) pattern and referred to as PJ-mode, transits from positive to negative phase around mid-summer consistent with the Meiyu rains predominantly being an early summer phenomenon. Mode 2, which is influenced by the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and referred to as ISM-mode, peaks in late July and early August and is associated with rainfall farther north over China. We then analyze the relation between the intraseasonal variation of the EASM and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) by analyzing circulation anomalies following MJO events. In the lower troposphere, the circulation anomalies associated with the MJO most strongly project on the PJ-mode. MJO phases 1-4 (5-8) favor the positive (negative) phase of the PJ-mode by favoring the anticyclonic (cyclonic) anomalies over the subtropical western North Pacific. In the upper troposphere, the circulation anomalies associated with the MJO project mainly on the ISM-mode.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Evidence for the maintenance of slowly varying equatorial currents by intraseasonal variability (2018)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 45 (4). pp. 1923-1929.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-18
    Description: Recent evidence from mooring data in the equatorial Atlantic reveals that semi-annual and longer time scale ocean current variability is close to being resonant with equatorial basin modes. Here we show that intraseasonal variability, with time scales of 10's of days, provides the energy to maintain these resonant basin modes against dissipation. The mechanism is analogous to that by which storm systems in the atmosphere act to maintain the atmospheric jet stream. We demonstrate the mechanism using an idealised model set-up that exhibits equatorial deep jets. The results are supported by direct analysis of available mooring data from the equatorial Atlantic Ocean covering a depth range of several thousand meters. The analysis of the mooring data suggests that the same mechanism also helps maintain the seasonal variability.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    Role of Equatorial Basin-Mode Resonance for the Seasonal Variability of the Angola Current at 11°S (2018)
    In:  [Talk] In: PREFACE International Conference & Final Assembly, 17.-20.04.2018, Arrecife, Lanzarote, Spain .
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    Publication Date: 2018-05-04
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Annual and semi-annual variations of equatorial Atlantic circulation associated with basin mode resonance (2015)
    In:  [Talk] In: PIRATA-PREFACE-CLIVAR Tropical Atlantic Variability Conference, 25.-27.08.2015, Cape Town, South Africa .
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-18
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: slideshow
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  • 8
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    The deep equatorial ocean circulation in wind-forced numerical solutions (2015)
    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography, 45 . pp. 1709-1734.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-18
    Description: We perform eddy-resolving and high-vertical-resolution numerical simulations of the circulation in an idealized equatorial Atlantic Ocean in order to explore the formation of the deep equatorial circulation (DEC) in this basin. Unlike in previous studies, the deep equatorial intraseasonal variability (DEIV) that is believed to be the source of the DEC is generated internally by instabilities of the upper ocean currents. Two main simulations are discussed: Solution 1, configured with a rectangular basin and with wind forcing that is zonally and temporally uniform; and Solution 2, with realistic coastlines and with an annual cycle of wind forcing varying zonally. Somewhat surprisingly, Solution 1 produces the more realistic DEC: The large-vertical-scale currents (Equatorial Intermediate Currents or EICs) are found over a large zonal portion of the basin, and the small-vertical-scale equatorial currents (Equatorial Deep Jets or EDJs) form low-frequency, quasi-resonant, baroclinic equatorial basin modes with phase propagating mostly downward, consistent with observations. We demonstrate that both types of currents arise from the rectification of DEIV, consistent with previous theories. We also find that the EDJs contribute to maintaining the EICs, suggesting that the nonlinear energy transfer is more complex than previously thought. In Solution 2, the DEC is unrealistically weak and less spatially coherent than in the first simulation probably because of its weaker DEIV. Using intermediate solutions, we find that the main reason for this weaker DEIV is the use of realistic coastlines in Solution 2. It remains to be determined, what needs to be modified or included to obtain a realistic DEC in the more realistic configuration.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Influence of the equatorial deep jets on the north equatorial countercurrent (2015)
    Springer
    In:  Ocean Dynamics, 65 . pp. 1095-1102.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: An ocean circulation model is run using two different idealized equatorial basin configurations under steady wind forcing. Both model versions produce bands of vertically alternating zonal flow at depth, similar to observed Equatorial Deep Jets (EDJs) and with a time scale corresponding to that of the gravest equatorial basin mode for the dominant baroclinic vertical normal mode. Both model runs show evidence for enhanced variability in the surface signature of the North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC) with the same time scale. We also find the same link between the observed NECC and the EDJs in the Atlantic by comparing the signature of the EDJ in moored zonal velocity data at 23° W on the equator with the signature of the NECC in geostrophic velocities from altimeter data. We argue that the presence of a peak in variability in the NECC associated with the EDJ basin mode period is evidence that the influenceatthis time scale is upward, from the EDJ to the NECC
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
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    Alleviating the North Atlantic cold bias in the Kiel Climate Model (2015)
    In:  [Talk] In: 26. IUGG General Assembly, 22.6. - 2.7.2015, Prague, Czech Republic .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-07
    Description: The North Atlantic cold bias, associated with a too zonal path of the North Atlantic Current and a missing “northwest corner”, is a major problem in coupled models. It affects the North Atlantic Sector climate mean state, variability and predictability, as this severe model error is located in the North Atlantic storm track region. In the standard model version of the Kiel Climate Model (KCM), like in many other climate models, the surface heat flux is reversed in the northwest corner; the ocean gains heat, instead of releasing heat to the atmosphere as observed. The use of a Flow Field Correction (FFC) to adjust the path of the North Atlantic Current is investigated as well as additional corrections to the surface heat and freshwater fluxes. The FFC can be regarded as a means to correct for model error, e.g. associated with the deep water mass pathways and their impact on the circulation, and to parameterize unresolved processes such as eddy momentum flux convergence. The FFC does not depend on the state of the coupled model. Results show that the FFC allows a northward flow into the northwest corner, largely eliminating the subsurface bias in the KCM. A cold bias remains at the surface but can be eliminated by additionally correcting the surface freshwater flux, without adjusting the surface heat flux seen by the ocean model. Sea ice and convection occurs in more realistic positions in the corrected model versions, connected to a more northward extension of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Using the corrected model versions, we explore the North Atlantic region climate variability with a focus on the AMOC and basin-wide North Atlantic sea surface temperature variability known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation or Variability (AMO/V).
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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