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  • 2015-2019  (5)
  • 2016  (5)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-01-29
    Description: In order to account for coupled climate–soil processes, we have developed a soil scheme which is asynchronously coupled to a comprehensive climate model with dynamic vegetation. This scheme considers vegetation as the primary control of changes in physical soil characteristics. We test the scheme for a warmer (mid-Holocene) and colder (Last Glacial Maximum) climate relative to the preindustrial climate. We find that the computed changes in physical soil characteristics lead to significant amplification of global climate anomalies, representing a positive feedback. The inclusion of the soil feedback yields an extra surface warming of 0.24 °C for the mid-Holocene and an additional global cooling of 1.07 °C for the Last Glacial Maximum. Transition zones such as desert–savannah and taiga–tundra exhibit a pronounced response in the model version with dynamic soil properties. Energy balance model analyses reveal that our soil scheme amplifies the temperature anomalies in the mid-to-high northern latitudes via changes in the planetary albedo and the effective longwave emissivity. As a result of the modified soil treatment and the positive feedback to climate, part of the underestimated mid-Holocene temperature response to orbital forcing can be reconciled in the model.
    Print ISSN: 1814-9324
    Electronic ISSN: 1814-9332
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 2
  • 3
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    Deutsche Gesellschaft für Polarforschung; Alfred-Wegener-Institu für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    In:  Polarforschung, 85 (2). pp. 161-170.
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: In this review paper we summarise a series of numerical abrupt climate change experiments in the context deglaciation. The effects of global warming, deglacial freshwater, and ice sheets for the termination of the last ice age are examined in a model of intermediate complexity and a fully coupled, coarse-resolution climate model. We find that gradual deglacial global warming induces an abrupt strengthening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). More generally, if the system is in a bistable window, a linear forcing can yield non-linear AMOC changes. In this sense Northern Hemisphere freshwater hosing only modulates the timing of the AMOC onset. Furthermore, Northern Hemisphere freshwater hosing weakens the AMOC with a potential overshoot, after the freshwater forcing has stopped. Therefore, as a further hypothesis the onset of Bølling/Allerød (B/A) interstadial with warming over Greenland could be related to an increase in AMOC, which is induced by a declining freshwater forcing prior to or in parallel with the transition. In contrast, hosing in the Southern Hemisphere has a relatively minor influence on the AMOC. The associated climate signatures and mechanisms are explored and discussed in this study.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-08-01
    Description: In order to account for coupled climate–soil processes, we have developed a soil scheme which is asynchronously coupled to a comprehensive climate model with dynamic vegetation. This scheme considers vegetation as the primary control of changes in physical soil characteristics. We test the scheme for a warmer (mid-Holocene) and colder (Last Glacial Maximum) climate relative to the preindustrial climate. We find that the computed changes in physical soil characteristics lead to significant amplification of global climate anomalies, representing a positive feedback. The inclusion of the soil feedback yields an extra surface warming of 0.24 °C for the mid-Holocene and an additional global cooling of 1.07 °C for the Last Glacial Maximum. Transition zones such as desert–savannah and taiga–tundra exhibit a pronounced response in the model version with dynamic soil properties. Energy balance model analyses reveal that our soil scheme amplifies the temperature anomalies in the mid-to-high northern latitudes via changes in the planetary albedo and the effective longwave emissivity. As a result of the modified soil treatment and the positive feedback to climate, part of the underestimated mid-Holocene temperature response to orbital forcing can be reconciled in the model.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In this review paper we summarise a series of numerical abrupt climate change experiments in the context deglaciation. The effects of global warming, deglacial freshwater, and ice sheets for the termination of the last ice age are examined in a model of intermediate complexity and a fully coupled, coarse-resolution climate model. We find that gradual deglacial global warming induces an abrupt strengthening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). More generally, if the system is in a bistable window, a linear forcing can yield non-linear AMOC changes. In this sense Northern Hemisphere freshwater hosing only modulates the timing of the AMOC onset. Furthermore, Northern Hemisphere freshwater hosing weakens the AMOC with a potential overshoot, after the freshwater forcing has stopped. Therefore, as a further hypothesis the onset of Bølling/Allerød (B/A) interstadial with warming over Greenland could be related to an increase in AMOC, which is induced by a declining freshwater forcing prior to or in parallel with the transition. In contrast, hosing in the Southern Hemisphere has a relatively minor influence on the AMOC. The associated climate signatures and mechanisms are explored and discussed in this study.
    Description: In diesem Übersichtsbeitrag stellen wir eine Reihe von numerischen Experimenten zum abrupten Klimawandel am Ende der letzten Eiszeit vor. Die Auswirkungen der globalen Erwärmung, des deglazialen Süßwassers und der Eisschilde auf die Termination und Ozeanzirkulation werden in einem Modell mittlerer Komplexität und einem vollständig gekoppelten Klimamodell untersucht. Unsere Modellergebnisse vermitteln Einsichten in die abrupte Erwärmung in der Nordhemisphäre, das sogenannte Bølling/Allerød (B/A) Nordatlantik Interstadial, und der deglazialen Schmelzwasserpulse. Wir stellen fest, dass die deglaziale globale Erwärmung eine Verstärkung der atlantische Umwälzbewegung (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, AMOC) induziert. Wenn sich das System in einem bistabilen Fenster bewegt, kann ein linearer Antrieb zu einer nichtlinearen Antwort in der AMOC führen, wobei das Schmelzwasser den Zeitpunkt für das B/A verändern kann und die AMOC schwächt. Bei der Rückkehr in den Usprungszustand kann die AMOC überschwingen, d.h. sie zeigt stärkere Amplituden als unter ungestörten Bedingungen. Deglaziales Süßwasser in der südlichen Hemisphäre hat einen relativ kleinen Effekt auf die AMOC. Als weitere, alternative Hypothese zum Vorhandensein des B/A-Interstadials könnte auch die Abwesenheit von Süßwasser beigetragen haben. Dadurch wird die AMOC verstärkt und infolgedessen Grönland erwärmt. Signaturen und Mechanismen dieser Prozesse werden in diesem Beitrag untersucht und diskutiert.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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