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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (12)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 2015-2019  (12)
  • 2015  (12)
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  • 2015-2019  (12)
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  • 1
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    Superconducting nanowires by electron-beam-induced deposition (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-01-27
    Beschreibung: Superconducting nanowires can be fabricated by decomposition of an organometallic gas using a focused beam of Ga ions. However, physical damage and unintentional doping often result from the exposure to the ion beam, motivating the search for a means to achieve similar structures with a beam of electrons instead of ions. This has so far remained an experimental challenge. We report the fabrication of superconducting tungsten nanowires by electron-beam-induced-deposition, with critical temperature of 2.0 K and critical magnetic field of 3.7 T, and compare them with superconducting wires made with ions. This work is an important development for the template-free realization of nanoscale superconducting devices, without the requirement of an ion beam column.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Digitale ISSN: 1077-3118
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    Spin orbit torque based electronic neuron (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-08
    Beschreibung: A device based on current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) that functions as an electronic neuron is proposed in this work. The SOT device implements an artificial neuron's thresholding (transfer) function. In the first step of a two-step switching scheme, a charge current places the magnetization of a nano-magnet along the hard-axis, i.e., an unstable point for the magnet. In the second step, the SOT device (neuron) receives a current (from the synapses) which moves the magnetization from the unstable point to one of the two stable states. The polarity of the synaptic current encodes the excitatory and inhibitory nature of the neuron input and determines the final orientation of the magnetization. A resistive crossbar array, functioning as synapses, generates a bipolar current that is a weighted sum of the inputs. The simulation of a two layer feed-forward artificial neural network based on the SOT electronic neuron shows that it consumes ∼3× lower power than a 45 nm digital CMOS implementation, while reaching ∼80% accuracy in the classification of 100 images of handwritten digits from the MNIST dataset.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Digitale ISSN: 1077-3118
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Exchangeable, stationary, and entangled chains of Gaussian states (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-10-16
    Beschreibung: We explore conditions on the covariance matrices of a consistent chain of mean zero finite mode Gaussian states in order that the chain may be exchangeable or stationary. For an exchangeable chain, our conditions are necessary and sufficient. Every stationary Gaussian chain admits an asymptotic entropy rate. Whereas an exchangeable chain admits a simple expression for its entropy rate, in our examples of stationary chains, the same admits an integral formula based on the asymptotic eigenvalue distribution for Toeplitz matrices. An example of a stationary entangled Gaussian chain is given.
    Print ISSN: 0022-2488
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-7658
    Thema: Mathematik , Physik
    Publiziert von American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 4
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    High power continuous operation of a widely tunable quantum cascade laser with an integrated amplifier (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-22
    Beschreibung: Wide electrical tuning and high continuous output power is demonstrated from a single mode quantum cascade laser emitting at a wavelength near 4.8  μ m. This is achieved in a space efficient manner by integrating an asymmetric sampled grating distributed feedback tunable laser with an optical amplifier. An initial demonstration of high peak power operation in pulsed mode is demonstrated first, with 〉5 W output over a 270 nm (113 cm −1 ) spectral range. Refinement of the geometry leads to continuous operation with a single mode spectral coverage of 300 nm (120 cm −1 ) and a maximum continuous power of 1.25 W. The output beam is shown to be nearly diffraction-limited, even at high amplifier current.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Digitale ISSN: 1077-3118
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    Investigation of shock-shock interaction and Mach reflection in laterally colliding laser-blow-off plasmas (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-06-06
    Beschreibung: Interactions of two Li plasma plumes and shock waves are investigated at various pressures (∼10 −5 to 3 mbar) in the argon gas ambient. Fast imaging and optical emission spectroscopy are used to study the plume dynamics and characteristic emission of plasmas. The plasma plumes are created in laser-blow-off geometry. The expansion of plasma plumes in the ambient gas leads to the formation of an interaction zone. The formation of interaction zone is dependent on the ambient pressure and below a certain pressure, no significant change is observed in the shape and size of the interaction plasma. In the higher pressure, formation of interaction zone and its shape are dependent on ambient pressure. Dynamics of seed plasmas and interaction zone are also affected by the shock-shock interactions. The shock-shock interaction depends on the angle of incidence (α) between two shock waves at the initial time of interaction but as the plumes expand, the shock-shock interaction does not follow α dependence.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-7674
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    Particle-in-cell simulation of large amplitude ion-acoustic solitons (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-07
    Beschreibung: The propagation of large amplitude ion-acoustic solitons is studied in the laboratory frame ( x , t ) using a 1-D particle-in-cell code that evolves the ion dynamics by treating them as particles but assumes the electrons to follow the usual Boltzmann distribution. It is observed that for very low Mach numbers the simulation results closely match the Korteweg-de Vries soliton solutions, obtained in the wave frame, and which propagate without distortion. The collision of two such profiles is observed to exhibit the usual solitonic behaviour. As the Mach number is increased, the given profile initially evolves and then settles down to the exact solution of the full non-linear Poisson equation, which then subsequently propagates without distortion. The fractional change in amplitude is found to increase linearly with Mach number. It is further observed that initial profiles satisfying k 2 λ d e 2 〈 1 break up into a series of solitons.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-7674
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    Fluid simulation of relativistic electron beam driven wakefield in a cold plasma (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-16
    Beschreibung: Excitation of wakefield in a cold homogeneous plasma, driven by an ultra-relativistic electron beam is studied in one dimension using fluid simulation techniques. For a homogeneous rigid beam having density ( n b ) less than or equal to half the plasma density ( n 0 ), simulation results are found to be in good agreement with the analytical work of Rosenzweig [Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 , 555 (1987)]. Here, Rosenzweig's work has been analytically extended to regimes where the ratio of beam density to plasma density is greater than half and results have been verified using simulation. Further in contrast to Rosenzweig's work, if the beam is allowed to evolve in a self-consistent manner, several interesting features are observed in simulation viz. splitting of the beam into beam-lets (for l b  〉  λ p ) and compression of the beam (for l b  
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-7674
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    Effect of stacking order on device performance of bilayer black phosphorene-field-effect transistor (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-09
    Beschreibung: We investigate the effect of stacking order of bilayer black phosphorene on the device properties of p-MOSFET and n-MOSFET. Two layers of black phosphorus are stacked in three different orders and are used as channel material in both n-MOSFET and p-MOSFET devices. The effects of different stacking orders on electron and hole effective masses and output characteristics of MOSFETs, such as ON currents, ON/OFF ratio, and transconductance are analyzed. Our results show that about 1.37 times and 1.49 times increase in ON current is possible along armchair and zigzag directions, respectively, 55.11% variation in transconductance is possible along armchair direction, by changing stacking orders (AA, AB, and AC) and about 8 times increase in ON current is achievable by changing channel orientation (armchair or zigzag) in p-MOSFET. About 14.8 mV/V drain induced barrier lowering is observed for both p-MOSFET and n-MOSFET, which signifies good immunity to short channel effects.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-7550
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 9
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    Radiation reaction effect on laser driven auto-resonant particle acceleration (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-08
    Beschreibung: The effects of radiation reaction force on laser driven auto-resonant particle acceleration scheme are studied using Landau-Lifshitz equation of motion. These studies are carried out for both linear and circularly polarized laser fields in the presence of static axial magnetic field. From the parametric study, a radiation reaction dominated region has been identified in which the particle dynamics is greatly effected by this force. In the radiation reaction dominated region, the two significant effects on particle dynamics are seen, viz., (1) saturation in energy gain by the initially resonant particle and (2) net energy gain by an initially non-resonant particle which is caused due to resonance broadening. It has been further shown that with the relaxation of resonance condition and with optimum choice of parameters, this scheme may become competitive with the other present-day laser driven particle acceleration schemes. The quantum corrections to the Landau-Lifshitz equation of motion have also been taken into account. The difference in the energy gain estimates of the particle by the quantum corrected and classical Landau-Lifshitz equation is found to be insignificant for the present day as well as upcoming laser facilities.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-7674
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 10
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    Linear and nonlinear evolution of the ion resonance instability in cylindrical traps: A numerical study (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-22
    Beschreibung: Numerical experiments have been performed to investigate the linear and nonlinear dynamics, and energetics of the ion resonance instability in cylindrically confined nonneutral plasma. The instability is excited on a set of parametrically different unstable equilibria of a cylindrical nonneutral cloud, composed of electrons partially neutralized by a much heavier ion species of single ionization. A particle-in-cell code has been developed and employed to carry out these simulations. The results obtained from the initial exponential growth phase of the instability in these numerical experiments are in agreement with the linearised analytical model of the ion resonance instability. As the simulations delve much further in time beyond the exponential growth phase, very interesting nonlinear phenomena of the ion resonance instability are revealed, such as a process of simultaneous wave breaking of the excited poloidal mode on the ion cloud and pinching of the poloidal perturbations on the electron cloud. This simultaneous nonlinear dynamics of the two components is associated with an energy transfer process from the electrons to the ions. At later stages there is heating induced cross-field transport of the heavier ions and tearing across the pinches on the electron cloud followed by an inverse cascade of the torn sections.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-7674
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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