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  • 1
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    IFITM3 and H7N9 disease [Immunology] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-15
    Description: A unique avian-origin A/H7N9 influenza virus has so far caused 134 cases with 44 deaths. Probing the host factors contributing to disease severity, we found that lower levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines on hospital admission correlated with faster recovery in 18 patients with A/H7N9 influenza virus, whereas high concentrations of...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    CRISPR/Cas-induced gene modifications [Plant Biology] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-26
    Description: The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas (CRISPR-associated) system has emerged as a powerful tool for targeted gene editing in many organisms, including plants. However, all of the reported studies in plants focused on either transient systems or the first generation after the CRISPR/Cas system was stably transformed into...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Peak luminosity correlated low-frequency oscillations in black holes (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-02
    Description: Based on Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer ( RXTE ) observational data, we study the timing and spectral properties of some peculiar low-frequency (LF) quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), which have been found at the peak luminosity of the outburst of some transient black hole (BH) binaries: the 2005 outburst of GRO J1655–40, the 2003 outburst of H1743–322 and the 1998 outburst of XTE J1550–564. Appearing in the ultraluminous state, these QPOs from different sources show some common properties. The amplitude is very weak (less than 1 per cent) and the quality factor is larger than 6. Moreover, these QPOs (about several Hz) sometimes show up simultaneously with another QPO (about 10 Hz), but their frequencies are not harmonically related. We also find that the frequencies of these QPOs are inversely correlated with the mass of the BH, which implies that these QPOs might be correlated with the innermost stable circular orbit. The QPO frequency is also negative correlated with the inner disc radius among BHs. However, its frequency is too low to ascribe it to the Keperlian orbit frequency. Moreover, we discuss the physical origin of these QPOs and we suggest that they are not produced by the viscous variability of the inner disc either.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Prediction of a Dirac state in monolayer TiB2 (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-04
    Description: Author(s): L. Z. Zhang, Z. F. Wang, S. X. Du, H.-J. Gao, and Feng Liu We predict the existence of a Dirac state in a monolayer TiB2 sheet (m-TiB2), a two-dimensional metal diboride, based on first-principles calculations. The band structure of m-TiB2 is found to be characterized with anisotropic Dirac cones with the largest Fermi velocity of 0.57×106 m/s, which is abo... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 161402] Published Fri Oct 03, 2014
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Phase transformations in multiferroic Bi1−xLaxFe1−yTiyO3 ceramics probed by temperature dependent Raman scattering (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-28
    Description: Optical phonons and phase transitions of Bi 1− x La x Fe 1− y Ti y O 3 (BLFTO, 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.12, 0.01 ≤ y ≤ 0.08) ceramics have been investigated by Raman scattering in the temperature range from 80 to 680 K. Four phase transitions around 140, 205, 570, and 640 K can be observed. The Raman modes are sensitive to the spin reorientation around 140 and 205 K, owing to the strong magnon-phonon coupling. The transformation around 570 K is a structural transition from rhombohedral to orthorhombic phase due to an external pressure induced by the chemical substitution. The anomalies of the phonon frequencies near Néel temperature T N have been discussed in the light of the multiferroicity. Moreover, it was found that the structural transition temperature and T N of BLFTO ceramics decrease towards room temperature with increasing doping composition as a result of size mismatch between substitution and host cations.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    Three-dimensional curved grid finite-difference modelling for non-planar rupture dynamics (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-07
    Description: In this study, we present a new method for simulating the 3-D dynamic rupture process occurring on a non-planar fault. The method is based on the curved-grid finite-difference method (CG-FDM) proposed by Zhang & Chen and Zhang et al. to simulate the propagation of seismic waves in media with arbitrary irregular surface topography. While keeping the advantages of conventional FDM, that is computational efficiency and easy implementation, the CG-FDM also is flexible in modelling the complex fault model by using general curvilinear grids, and thus is able to model the rupture dynamics of a fault with complex geometry, such as oblique dipping fault, non-planar fault, fault with step-over, fault branching, even if irregular topography exists. The accuracy and robustness of this new method have been validated by comparing with the previous results of Day et al. , and benchmarks for rupture dynamics simulations. Finally, two simulations of rupture dynamics with complex fault geometry, that is a non-planar fault and a fault rupturing a free surface with topography, are presented. A very interesting phenomenon was observed that topography can weaken the tendency for supershear transition to occur when rupture breaks out at a free surface. Undoubtedly, this new method provides an effective, at least an alternative, tool to simulate the rupture dynamics of a complex non-planar fault, and can be applied to model the rupture dynamics of a real earthquake with complex geometry.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 7
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    Tumor-targeted in vivo gene silencing via systemic delivery of cRGD-conjugated siRNA (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-10
    Description: RNAi technology is taking strong position among the key therapeutic modalities, with dozens of siRNA-based programs entering and successfully progressing through clinical stages of drug development. To further explore potentials of RNAi technology as therapeutics, we engineered and tested VEGFR2 siRNA molecules specifically targeted to tumors through covalently conjugated cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp- d -Phe-Lys[PEG-MAL]) (cRGD) peptide, known to bind αvβ3 integrin receptors. cRGD-siRNAs were demonstrated to specifically enter and silence targeted genes in cultured αvβ3 positive human cells (HUVEC). Microinjection of zebrafish blastocysts with VEGFR2 cRGD-siRNA resulted in specific inhibition of blood vessel growth. In tumor-bearing mice, intravenously injected cRGD-siRNA molecules generated no innate immune response and bio-distributed to tumor tissues. Continuous systemic delivery of two different VEGFR2 cRGD-siRNAs resulted in down-regulation of corresponding mRNA (55 and 45%) and protein (65 and 45%) in tumors, as well as in overall reduction of tumor volume (90 and 70%). These findings demonstrate strong potential of cRGD-siRNA molecules as anti-tumor therapy.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Complex frequency-shifted multi-axial perfectly matched layer for elastic wave modelling on curvilinear grids (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-06-21
    Description: Perfectly matched layer (PML) is an efficient absorbing technique for numerical wave simulations. Since it appeared, various improvements have been made. The complex frequency-shifted PML (CFS-PML) improves the absorbing performance for near-grazing incident waves and evanescent waves. The auxiliary differential equation (ADE) formulation of the PML provides a convenient unsplit-field PML implementation that can be directly used with high order time marching schemes. The multi-axial PML (MPML) stabilizes the PML on anisotropic media. However, these improvements were generally developed for Cartesian grids. In this paper, we extend the ADE CFS-PML to general curvilinear (non-orthogonal) grids for elastic wave modelling. Unlike the common implementations to absorb the waves in the computational space, we apply the damping along the perpendicular direction of the PML layer in the local Cartesian coordinates. Further, we relate the perpendicular and parallel components of the gradient operator in the local Cartesian coordinates to the derivatives in the curvilinear coordinates, to avoid mapping the wavefield to the local Cartesian coordinates. It is thus easy to be incorporated with numerical schemes on curvilinear grids. We derive the PML equations for the interior region and for the free surface separately because the free surface boundary condition modifies the elastic wave equations. We show that the elastic wave modelling on curvilinear grids exhibits anisotropic effects in the computational space, which may lead to unstable simulations. To stabilize the simulation, we adapt the MPML strategy to also absorb the wavefield along the two parallel directions of the PML. We illustrate the stability of this ADE CFS-MPML for finite-difference elastic wave simulations on curvilinear grids by two numerical experiments.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 9
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    Magnetic structure and Magnetic transport Properties of Graphene Nanoribbons With Sawtooth Zigzag Edges (2014)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-24
    Description: The magnetic structure and magnetic transport properties of hydrogen-passivated sawtooth zigzag-edge graphene nanoribbons (STGNRs) are investigated theoretically. It is found that all-sized ground-state STGNRs are ferromagnetic and always feature magnetic semiconductor properties, whose spin splitting energy gap Eg changes periodically with the width of STGNRs. More importantly, for the STGNR based device, the dual spin-filtering effect with the perfect (100%) spin polarization and high-performance dual spin diode effect with a rectification ratio about 1010 can be predicted. Particularly, a highly effective spin-valve device is likely to be realized, which displays a giant magnetoresistace (MR) approaching 1010%, which is three orders magnitude higher than the value predicted based on the zigzag graphene nanoribbons and six orders magnitude higher than previously reported experimental values for the MgO tunnel junction. Our findings suggest that STGNRs might hold a significant promise for developing spintronic devices. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07587
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    Different temperature scaling of strain-induced magneto-crystalline anisotropy and Gilbert damping in Co2FeAl film epitaxied on GaAs (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-22
    Description: The temperature dependence of the Gilbert damping and magnetic anisotropy are investigated in L 2 1 Co 2 FeAl films epitaxially grown on GaAs (001) substrate by the time resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. We found that the in-plane biaxial anisotropy increases by more than 90% with the temperature decreasing from 300 K to 80 K, which is mainly due to the strong variation of the magneto-elastic coefficients. In contrast, the intrinsic Gilbert damping rises only about 10%, which is mainly attributed to the reduction of the electron phonon scattering rate, independent of the strain-induced spin-orbit coupling energy.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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