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  • 1
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    MaSC: mappability-sensitive cross-correlation for estimating mean fragment length of single-end short-read sequencing data (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-13
    Description: Motivation: Reliable estimation of the mean fragment length for next-generation short-read sequencing data is an important step in next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines, most notably because of its impact on the accuracy of the enriched regions identified by peak-calling algorithms. Although many peak-calling algorithms include a fragment-length estimation subroutine, the problem has not been adequately solved, as demonstrated by the variability of the estimates returned by different algorithms. Results: In this article, we investigate the use of strand cross-correlation to estimate mean fragment length of single-end data and show that traditional estimation approaches have mixed reliability. We observe that the mappability of different parts of the genome can introduce an artificial bias into cross-correlation computations, resulting in incorrect fragment-length estimates. We propose a new approach, called mappability-sensitive cross-correlation (MaSC), which removes this bias and allows for accurate and reliable fragment-length estimation. We analyze the computational complexity of this approach, and evaluate its performance on a test suite of NGS datasets, demonstrating its superiority to traditional cross-correlation analysis. Availability: An open-source Perl implementation of our approach is available at http://www.perkinslab.ca/Software.html . Contact: tperkins@ohri.ca Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    De novo mutations in histone-modifying genes in congenital heart disease (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-15
    Description: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent birth defect, affecting 0.8% of live births. Many cases occur sporadically and impair reproductive fitness, suggesting a role for de novo mutations. Here we compare the incidence of de novo mutations in 362 severe CHD cases and 264 controls by analysing exome sequencing of parent-offspring trios. CHD cases show a significant excess of protein-altering de novo mutations in genes expressed in the developing heart, with an odds ratio of 7.5 for damaging (premature termination, frameshift, splice site) mutations. Similar odds ratios are seen across the main classes of severe CHD. We find a marked excess of de novo mutations in genes involved in the production, removal or reading of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation, or ubiquitination of H2BK120, which is required for H3K4 methylation. There are also two de novo mutations in SMAD2, which regulates H3K27 methylation in the embryonic left-right organizer. The combination of both activating (H3K4 methylation) and inactivating (H3K27 methylation) chromatin marks characterizes 'poised' promoters and enhancers, which regulate expression of key developmental genes. These findings implicate de novo point mutations in several hundreds of genes that collectively contribute to approximately 10% of severe CHD.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3706629/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3706629/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zaidi, Samir -- Choi, Murim -- Wakimoto, Hiroko -- Ma, Lijiang -- Jiang, Jianming -- Overton, John D -- Romano-Adesman, Angela -- Bjornson, Robert D -- Breitbart, Roger E -- Brown, Kerry K -- Carriero, Nicholas J -- Cheung, Yee Him -- Deanfield, John -- DePalma, Steve -- Fakhro, Khalid A -- Glessner, Joseph -- Hakonarson, Hakon -- Italia, Michael J -- Kaltman, Jonathan R -- Kaski, Juan -- Kim, Richard -- Kline, Jennie K -- Lee, Teresa -- Leipzig, Jeremy -- Lopez, Alexander -- Mane, Shrikant M -- Mitchell, Laura E -- Newburger, Jane W -- Parfenov, Michael -- Pe'er, Itsik -- Porter, George -- Roberts, Amy E -- Sachidanandam, Ravi -- Sanders, Stephan J -- Seiden, Howard S -- State, Mathew W -- Subramanian, Sailakshmi -- Tikhonova, Irina R -- Wang, Wei -- Warburton, Dorothy -- White, Peter S -- Williams, Ismee A -- Zhao, Hongyu -- Seidman, Jonathan G -- Brueckner, Martina -- Chung, Wendy K -- Gelb, Bruce D -- Goldmuntz, Elizabeth -- Seidman, Christine E -- Lifton, Richard P -- 5U54HG006504/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- F30 HL123238/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD018655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG006546/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098123/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098147/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098153/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098162/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098163/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098123/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098147/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098153/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098162/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098163/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098188/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006504/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jun 13;498(7453):220-3. doi: 10.1038/nature12141. Epub 2013 May 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23665959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Chromatin/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Developmental/genetics ; Heart Diseases/*congenital/*genetics/metabolism ; Histones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine/chemistry/metabolism ; Male ; Methylation ; Mutation ; Odds Ratio ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    SPANNER: taxonomic assignment of sequences using pyramid matching of similarity profiles (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-07-17
    Description: Background: Homology-based taxonomic assignment is impeded by differences between the unassigned read and reference database, forcing a rank-specific classification to the closest (and possibly incorrect) reference lineage. This assignment may be correct only to a general rank (e.g. order) and incorrect below that rank (e.g. family and genus). Algorithms like LCA avoid this by varying the predicted taxonomic rank based on matches to a set of taxonomic references. LCA and related approaches can be conservative, especially if best matches are taxonomically widespread because of events such as lateral gene transfer (LGT). Results: Our extension to LCA called SPANNER (similarity profile annotater) uses the set of best homology matches (the LCA Profile) for a given sequence and compares this profile with a set of profiles inferred from taxonomic reference organisms. SPANNER provides an assignment that is less sensitive to LGT and other confounding phenomena. In a series of trials on real and artificial datasets, SPANNER outperformed LCA-style algorithms in terms of taxonomic precision and outperformed best BLAST at certain levels of taxonomic novelty in the dataset. We identify examples where LCA made an overly conservative prediction, but SPANNER produced a more precise and correct prediction. Conclusions: By using profiles of homology matches to represent patterns of genomic similarity that arise because of vertical and lateral inheritance, SPANNER offers an effective compromise between taxonomic assignment based on best BLAST scores, and the conservative approach of LCA and similar approaches. Availability: C++ source code and binaries are freely available at http://kiwi.cs.dal.ca/Software/SPANNER . Contact: beiko@cs.dal.ca Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Chemical genetic analyses of quantitative changes in Cdk1 activity during the human cell cycle (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-25
    Description: Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) controls cell proliferation and is inhibited by promising anticancer agents, but its mode of action and the consequences of its inhibition are incompletely understood. Cdk1 promotes S- and M-phases during the cell-cycle but also suppresses endoreduplication, which is associated with polyploidy and genome instability. The complexity of Cdk1 regulation has made it difficult to determine whether these different roles require different thresholds of kinase activity and whether the surge of activity as inhibitory phosphates are removed at mitotic onset is essential for cell proliferation. Here, we have used chemical genetics in a human cell line to address these issues. We rescued cells lethally depleted of endogenous Cdk1 with an exogenous Cdk1 conferring sensitivity to one ATP analogue inhibitor (1NMPP1) and resistance to another (RO3306). At no 1NMPP1 concentration was mitosis in rescued clones prevented without also inducing endoreduplication, suggesting that these two key roles for Cdk1 are not simply controlled by different Cdk1 activity thresholds. We also rescued RO3306-resistant clones using exogenous Cdk1 without inhibitory phosphorylation sites, indicating that the mitotic surge of Cdk1 activity is dispensable for cell proliferation. These results suggest that the basic mammalian cycle requires at least some qualitative changes in Cdk1 activity and that quantitative increases in activity need not be rapid. Furthermore, the viability of cells that are unable to undergo rapid Cdk1 activation, and the strong association between endoreduplication and impaired proliferation, may place restrictions on the therapeutic use of a Cdk1 inhibitors.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in phenotypic suppression of mouse models of Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-08
    Description: Niemann–Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1), which arises from a mutation in the NPC1 gene, is characterized by abnormal cellular storage and transport of cholesterol and other lipids that leads to hepatic disease and progressive neurological impairment. Oxidative stress has been hypothesized to contribute to the NPC1 disease pathological cascade. To determine whether treatments reducing oxidative stress could alleviate NPC1 disease phenotypes, the in vivo effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on two mouse models for NPC1 disease were studied. NAC was able to partially suppress phenotypes in both antisense-induced (NPC1ASO) and germline ( Npc1 –/–) knockout genetic mouse models, confirming the presence of an oxidative stress-related mechanism in progression of NPC1 phenotypes and suggesting NAC as a potential molecule for treatment. Gene expression analyses of NAC-treated NPC1ASO mice suggested NAC affects pathways distinct from those initially altered by Npc1 knockdown, data consistent with NAC achieving partial disease phenotype suppression. In a therapeutic trial of short-term NAC administration to NPC1 patients, no significant effects on oxidative stress in these patients were identified other than moderate improvement of the fraction of reduced CoQ10, suggesting limited efficacy of NAC monotherapy. However, the mouse model data suggest that the distinct antioxidant effects of NAC could provide potential treatment of NPC1 disease, possibly in concert with other therapeutic molecules at earlier stages of disease progression. These data also validated the NPC1ASO mouse as an efficient model for candidate NPC1 drug screening, and demonstrated similarities in hepatic phenotypes and genome-wide transcript expression patterns between the NPC1ASO and Npc1 –/– models.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Ambient noise tomography across the Central Andes (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-13
    Description: The Central Andes of southern Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile (between 12°S and 42°S) comprise the largest orogenic plateau in the world associated with abundant arc volcanism, the Central Andean Plateau, as well as multiple segments of flat-slab subduction making this part of the Earth a unique place to study various aspects of active plate tectonics. The goal of this continental-scale ambient noise tomography study is to incorporate broad-band seismic data from 20 seismic networks deployed incrementally in the Central Andes from 1994 May to 2012 August, to image the vertically polarized shear wave velocity ( V sv ) structure of the South American Cordillera. Using dispersion measurements calculated from the cross-correlation of 330 broad-band seismic stations, we construct Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps in the period range of 8–40 s and invert these for the shear wave velocity ( V sv ) structure of the Andean crust. We provide a dispersion misfit map as well as uncertainty envelopes for our V sv model and observe striking first-order correlations with our shallow results (~5 km) and the morphotectonic provinces as well as subtler geological features indicating our results are robust. Our results reveal for the first time the full extent of the mid-crustal Andean low-velocity zone that we tentatively interpret as the signature of a very large volume Neogene batholith. This study demonstrates the efficacy of integrating seismic data from numerous regional broad-band seismic networks to approximate the high-resolution coverage previously only available though larger networks such as the EarthScope USArray Transportable Array in the United States.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 7
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    SPANNER: taxonomic assignment of sequences using pyramid matching of similarity profiles (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-03
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Chemical genetic analyses of quantitative changes in Cdk1 activity during the human cell cycle (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-03-21
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in phenotypic suppression of mouse models of Niemann–Pick disease, type C1 (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-10
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Radiative cooling in collisionally ionized and photoionized plasmas (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-14
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.
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