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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (13)
  • 2005-2009  (13)
  • 1990-1994
  • 2005  (13)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Discrimination of Aspergillus niger and other Aspergillus species belonging to section Nigri by PCR assays (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 245 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Aspergillus species included in section Nigri are common in plant products and processed food, such as grapes, cereals, coffee and derivatives, particularly in warm and tropical climates. Two of these species, A. carbonarius and A. niger, are known to produce ochratoxin A (OTA), a potent nephrotoxin and carcinogenic to human (group 2B). Recognition of the several species of this section is difficult and requires considerable expertise using conventional methods based on morphological features. In this work we describe rapid, sensitive and robust assays based on the PCR technique to discriminate the main species included in section Nigri: A. japonicus, A. heteromorphus, A. ellipticus and the two morphologically indistinguishable species of the A. niger aggregate: A. niger and A. tubingensis. The species-specific primers have been designed on the basis of ITS (internal transcribed spacers of rDNA units) sequence comparisons obtained from several Aspergillus strains and have been tested in a number of strains from different origins and hosts. These PCR assays, based on multi-copy sequences, are highly sensitive and specific and represent a good tool for an early detection of OTA-producing Aspergillus species in order to prevent OTA from entering the food chain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.03.023
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    3, 4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate reduces nitrous oxide emissions from grassland after slurry application (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. A field study was conducted to assess the effect of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), applied at a rate of 1 kg ha−1, on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, forage production and N extraction from a grassland soil after cattle slurry applications in autumn and spring. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured daily or weekly using the closed chamber technique. DMPP efficiency after slurry application was lower in spring (16.7 °C mean soil temperature) than in autumn (11.4 °C mean soil temperature). Thus, DMPP was able to maintain soil mineral N in the ammonium form for 22 days and reduce cumulative N2O emissions by 69% in autumn, while in spring its effect on soil mineral N lasted for 7–14 days, reducing cumulative N2O losses by 48%. Furthermore, application of DMPP after slurry did not decrease biomass yield or N uptake.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.tb00106.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Impact of Public Ownership and Competition on Productivity (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 58 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Are private firms more efficient than public ones? Does privatisation improve performance? In order to answer these questions, it is necessary to disentangle the impact of ownership and competition upon business performance. This paper presents empirical evidence relating to the hypothesis that public ownership and competition are determinants of firms' productivity. It concludes that public ownership has a significant negative effect on productivity and also that privatisation has a positive impact on efficiency. Furthermore, increased competition is found to have a positive effect on productivity. These results are interpreted as confirming that privatisation is effective as a means of increasing firms' efficiency, at least in a non-regulated and relatively competitive sector, such as manufacturing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0023-5962.2005.00299.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isozyme electrophoretic characterization of 29 related cultivars of lily (Lilium spp.) (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 124 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Isozyme banding patterns (IBPs) were studied for cultivars of lily (Lilium spp.) by means of horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis (SGE). An array of continuous histidine-citrate buffer systems at eight ranges of pH and four extraction buffers were tested. On the basis of this survey, the extraction buffer two (Eb-2) and the buffer system E at pH 7.7 were found to be suitable for detection of lily isozymes. Using the SGE technique, IBP in catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), esterase (EST; EC 3.1.1.1), malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37), malic enzyme (MAL; EC 1.1.1.40), peroxidase (POX; EC 1.11.1.7), phosphoglucomutase (PGM; EC 2.7.5.1), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; EC 5.3.1.9) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD; EC 1.1.1.44) were assayed. In total 29 cultivars were tested in this study: nine were analysed for all eight enzyme systems, 16 cultivars for seven systems, three for six, and one for five enzyme systems. Some IBP were identified as section-specific biochemical markers. Eight enzymes systems were analysed by constructing a dendogram using the unweighted pair group method, arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis. The analysis indicated that the lily cultivars could be separated from other Lilium species, except for two L. x formonlogi cultivars:‘Hakuba’ and ‘Hakuko’ which could not be distinguished from each other by the isozyme patterns assayed here. This study shows that isozymes can provide useful biochemical markers for lily cultivar identification and to estimate the phylogenetic relationships among those cultivars.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2004.01046.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Formation of Soy Protein Isolate Cold-set Gels: Protein and Salt Effects (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 70 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: : The influence of protein and calcium concentration on soy protein cold-set gel formation and rheology has been investigated. Cold-set gels can be formed at soy protein concentrations from 6% to 9% and calcium concentrations from 10 to 20 mM. Gel properties can be modulated by changing the protein and/or CaCl2 concentrations. An increase in CaCl2 concentration from 10 to 20 mM increased gel opacity while an increase in protein concentration from 6% to 9% decreased opacity. Water-holding capacity improved with increasing protein concentration and decreasing CaCl2 concentration. The elastic modulus (G') increased with protein and calcium chloride concentrations. Microscopy revealed an increase in the diameters of aggregates and pores as CaCl2 concentration increased and as protein concentration decreased. Cold-set gels with a broad range of characteristics can be obtained from soy protein.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09023.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physicochemical Properties of 2S Albumins and the Corresponding Protein Isolate from Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 70 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: : Sunflower albumins (SFAs) are a diverse group of proteins present in sunflower isolates, with a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 2S. This research presents a detailed study of the influence of pH on the structure and solubility of SFAs. The effect of temperature on the structure of SFAs was also studied. Furthermore, the solubility of a sunflower isolate (SI) was studied and discussed in terms of its main protein components (SFAs and helianthinin). The native structure of SFAs revealed to be very stable against pH changes (pH 3.0 to 9.0) and heat treatment (〉100 °C), and their solubility was only marginally affected by pH and ionic strength. The solubility of the sunflower isolate as a function of pH seems to be dominated by that of helianthinin: SI (I= 30 mM) showed a U-shaped solubility curve with a minimum between pH 4.0 and pH 6.0.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09029.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Incomplete processing of peroxidase transcripts in the lignin degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 242 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Phanerochaete chrysosporium has been thoroughly studied as a microbial model for lignin degradation. The enzymes lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP), both encoded by several genes, play the main role in the cleavage of different lignin substructures. In this work, the expression of specific LiP and MnP transcripts in liquid medium and in a wood-containing soil system was studied by reverse transcription-PCR and subsequent cloning and sequencing of the products obtained. Splice variants of different LiP and MnP transcripts were observed in wood-containing soil incubations and in liquid cultures. The processed transcripts contained different numbers of complete introns. Since the presence of stop codons in several of these introns would prevent the synthesis of active enzyme, we propose that these transcripts arise as a result of incomplete processing rather than alternative splicing. Interestingly, analysis of splice variants from mnp genes led to the identification of a fourth actively transcribed gene coding for MnP in P. chrysosporium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.10.037
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Coccidioidomycosis and blastomycosis: Advances in molecular diagnosis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 45 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Clinical isolates of Coccidioides spp. and Blastomyces dermatitidis can be identified by chemiluminescent DNA probes and PCR assays targeting multicopy genes. In fixed tissue samples, cells of the two fungi are specified by in situ hybridization and PCR assays targeting 18S rDNA but sequencing of the products is mandatory. Nested PCR assays targeting genes encoding species- or genus-specific proteins like proline rich antigen of Coccidioides spp. and B. dermatitidis adhesin facilitate amplification of specific DNA from fixed tissue samples. The value of DNA amplification from native specimens of suspected cases of coccidioidomycosis or blastomycosis still needs to be determined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsim.2005.05.011
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Actinomycetes isolated from lichens: Evaluation of their diversity and detection of biosynthetic gene sequences (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Actinomycetes, one of the major communities of the microbial population present in soil, can also be found inhabiting a wide diversity of ecological sources. We have explored the use of lichens as an alternative source for the isolation of novel actinomycetes. Lichens are symbiotic mixtures of fungi, green algae and/or cyanobacteria and whereas these symbiotic components have been extensively described, the microbial community inhabiting this niche has not been well characterized. We studied the diversity of the actinomycete population isolated from lichens collected in tropical areas from the Hawaii and Reunion islands and in cold areas from Alaska. The diversity of the microbial population was evaluated using fatty acid analysis and molecular fingerprinting. A PCR approach to screen the isolates for genes associated with secondary metabolite production was applied to evaluate the biosynthetic potential of these strains; profiles obtained for each isolate were compared to the antimicrobial activity exhibited by these isolates in laboratory conditions. Our results demonstrate that lichens represent an extremely rich reservoir for the isolation of a wide diversity of actinomycetes many of them representing still today a rich untapped source of secondary metabolites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2005.05.004
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Memory immune response generated in Cercopithecus aethiops against meningococcal polysaccharide serogroup C conjugate vaccine (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 43 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The chemical conjugation of bacterial polysaccharide to carrier proteins has proved to be an efficient tool to improve the immunological response against these bacterial antigens. In this study, we characterized the antibody response generated in a non-human primate model against the meningococcal capsular polysaccharide serogroup C (CCPS) conjugated to the P64k protein. Similar to licensed vaccines the CCPS conjugate is able to generate a good memory immune response with antibody titers threefold higher than the free CCPS. Three different ELISA protocols were used to measure the antibody response and the importance of the coating antigen was demonstrated. The ELISA using the derivatized CCPS showed the best results and had a high correlation with the bactericidal activity. The antibodies elicited showed a high protective capacity when assayed in the infant rat protection model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsim.2004.07.003
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