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  • Other Sources  (10)
  • 2000-2004  (10)
  • 1955-1959
  • 2004  (10)
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  • 2000-2004  (10)
  • 1955-1959
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  • 1
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    Planetary-Scale Inertio Gravity Waves in the Numerical Spectral Model (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: In the polar region of the upper mesosphere, horizontal wind oscillations have been observed with periods around 10 hours. Waves with such a period are generated in our Numerical Spectral Model (NSM), and they are identified as planetary-scale inertio gravity waves (IGW). These IGWs have periods between 9 and 11 hours and appear above 60 km in the zonal mean (m = 0), as well as in zonal wavenumbers m = 1 to 4. The waves can propagate eastward and westward and have vertical wavelengths around 25 km. The amplitudes in the wind field are typically between 10 and 20 m/s and can reach 30 m/s in the westward propagating component for m = 1 at the poles. In the temperature perturbations, the wave amplitudes above 100 km are typically 5 K and as large as 10 K for m = 0 at the poles. The IGWs are intermittent but reveal systematic seasonal variations, with the largest amplitudes occurring generally in late winter and spring. In the NSM, the IGW are generated like the planetary waves (PW). They are produced apparently by the instabilities that arise in the zonal mean circulation. Relative to the PWs, however, the IGWs propagate zonally with much larger velocities, such that they are not affected much by interactions with the background zonal winds. Since the IGWs can propagate through the mesosphere without much interaction, except for viscous dissipation, one should then expect that they reach the thermosphere with significant and measurable amplitudes.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Space Rocks Tell Their Secrets: Space Science Applications of Physics and Chemistry for High School and College Classes: Update (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: As the scientific community studies Mars remotely for signs of life and uses Martian meteorites as its only available samples, teachers, students, and the general public continue to ask, How do we know these meteorites are from Mars? This question sets the stage for a six-lesson instructional package Space Rocks Tell Their Secrets. Expanding on the short answer It s the chemistry of the rock , students are introduced to the research that reveals the true identities of the rocks. Since few high school or beginning college students have the opportunity to participate in this level of research, a slide presentation introduces them to the labs, samples, and people involved with the research. As they work through the lessons and interpret authentic data, students realize that the research is an application of two basic science concepts taught in the classroom, the electromagnetic spectrum and isotopes.
    Keywords: Space Sciences (General)
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Engaging K-12 Educators, Students, and the General Public in Space Science Exploration; LPI-Contrib-1197
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Measurements of K Shell Emission of Highly Charged Ions with the XRS at EBIT (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The XRS/EBIT is a 32 channel microcalorimeter spectrometer operating at the electron beam ion trap (EBIT) facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The system contains a flight candidate detector array from the XRS instrument for the Astro-E2 mission. The detector array in the XRS/EBIT is functionally identical to the flight array integrated into the XRS instrument and benefits from the enormous amount of calibration data from the XRS program. Since the XRSEBIT was upgraded with the new detector array in October 2003, the system has been used for a number of experiments including a survey of the K shell emission from He-like and H-like O, Ne, Ar, Fe, Ni and Kr as well as for L shell emission to measure the 3C/3D line ratio in Ni. Here we present some basic operational parameters of the instrument as well as direct excitation and simulated maxwellian spectra of He-like and E-like Fe. We show that the XRS instrument can resolve the Lyal and Lya2 lines from each other as well as from the dielectronic recombination satellites in thermal H-like Fe. We also show exactly how well the XRS instrument on Astro-E2 will resolve the thermal He-like triplet in collisionally excited Fe. This work was funded under NASA's Research Opportunities in Space Science program.
    Keywords: Nuclear Physics
    Type: HEAD Conference; Sep 08, 2004 - Sep 11, 2004; New Orleans, LA; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    The Marshall Space Flight Center Solar Utraviolet Magnetograph (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: This paper will describe the objectives of the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Solar Ultraviolet Magnetograph Investigation (SUMI) and the optical components that have been developed to meet those objectives. In order to test the scientific feasibility of measuring magnetic fields in the W, a sounding rocket payload is being developed. This paper will discuss: (1) the scientific measurements that will be made by the SUMI sounding rocket program, (2) how the optics have been optimized for simultaneous measurements of two magnetic lines CIV (1550 Angstroms) and MgII (2800 Angstroms), and (3) the optical, reflectance, transmission and polarization measurements that have been made on the SUMI telescope mirrors and polarimeter.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2004; Jun 21, 2004 - Jun 25, 2004; Glasgow, Scotland; United Kingdom
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  • 5
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    X-ray Spectrometer (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The X-ray Spectrometer (XRS) instrument is a revolutionary non-dispersive spectrometer that will form the basis for the Astro-E2 observatory to be launched in 2005. We have recently installed a flight spare X R S microcalorimeter spectrometer at the EBIT-I facility at LLNL replacing the XRS from the earlier Astro-E mission and providing twice the resolution. The X R S microcalorimeter is an x-ray detector that senses the heat deposited by the incident photon. It achieves a high energy resolution by operating at 0.06K and by carefully controlling the heat capacity and thermal conductance. The XRS/EBIT instrument has 32 pixels in a square geometry and achieves an energy resolution of 6 eV at 6 keV, with a bandpass from 0.1 to 12 keV (or more at higher operating temperature). The instrument allows detailed studies of the x-ray line emission of laboratory plasmas. The XRS/EBIT also provides an extensive calibration "library" for the Astro-E2 observatory.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: High Temperature Plasma Diagnostics 2004; Apr 18, 2004 - Apr 22, 2004; San Diego, CA; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Intrinsic Line Shape Measurements of the XRS Instrument on Astro-E2 (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The XRS instrument on the Astro-E2 observatory contains a substantially improved microcalorimeter array over the Astro-E mission. In addition to roughly a factor of 2 improvement in the detector resolution at 6 keV, the detector response is shown to be almost perfectly gaussian. We have made measurements of the detector response of the flight instrument, using a double crystal monochrometer at 4 and 8 keV, a 55-Fe internal conversion source, and x-ray induced fluorescence from a number of targets including Ti, Cu, and GaAs. The detector response has been measured to be entirely gaussian to at least 2 orders of magnitude down from the peak of the line or line complex. This is in sharp contrast to the results from the XRS on Astro-E where many channels exhibited excess counts on the high energy side of the spectral lines. Here we present details of the line shape measurement as well as the detector response as measured during the XRS ground calibration including details of the line fits and line models.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: HEAD Conference; Sep 08, 2004 - Sep 11, 2004; New Orleans, LA; United States
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  • 7
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    Position Sensitive Microcalorimeters (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: A Position Sensitive Transition-Edge Sensor (PoST) is a microcalorimeter device capable of one-dimensional imaging spectroscopy. The device consists of two Transition-Edge Sensors (TESs) connected to the ends of a long X-ray absorbing strip. The energy of a photon hitting the absorber and the position of the absorption event along the strip is measured from the response in the two sensors by analyzing the relative signal sizes, pulse rise times, and the sum of the pulses measured at each sensor, We report on the recent PoST effort at Goddard for applications to large field of view, high-energy- resolution, X-ray astrophysics.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: SPIE Meeting; Jun 21, 2004 - Jun 25, 2004; Glasgow, Scotland; United Kingdom
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  • 8
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    Application of Colorimetric Solid Phase Extraction (C-SPE) to Monitoring Nickel(II) and Lead(II) in Spacecraft Water Supplies (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Archived water samples collected on the International Space Station (ISS) and returned to Earth for analysis have, in a few instances, contained trace levels of heavy metals. Building on our previous advances using Colorimetric Solid Phase Extraction (C-SPE) as a biocide monitoring technique, we are devising methods for the low level monitoring of nickel(II), lead(II) and other heavy metals. C-SPE is a sorption-spectrophotometric platform based on the extraction of analytes onto a membrane impregnated with a colorimetric reagent that are then quantified on the surface of the membrane using a diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer. Along these lines, we have determined nickel(II) via complexation with dimethylglyoxime (DMG) and begun to examine the analysis of lead(II) by its reaction with 2,5- dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD) and 4-(2- pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR). These developments are also extending a new variant of C-SPE in which immobilized reagents are being incorporated into this methodology in order to optimize sample reaction conditions and to introduce the colorimetric reagent. This paper describes the status of our development of these two new methods.
    Keywords: Space Processing
    Type: 34th International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 19, 2004 - Jul 22, 2004; Colorado Springs, CO; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    The Marshall Space Flight Center Solar Ultraviolet Magnetograph (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper will describe the objectives of the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Solar Ultraviolet Magnetograph Investigation (SUMI) and the optical components that have been developed to meet those objectives. In order to test the scientific feasibility of measuring magnetic fields in the UV, a sounding rocket payload is being developed. This paper will discuss: (1) the scientific measurements that will be made by the SUMI sounding rocket program, (2) how the optics have been optimized for simultaneous measurements of two magnetic lines CIV (1550Angstroms) and MgII (2800Angstroms), and (3) the optical, reflectance, transmission and polarization measurements that have been made on the SUMI telescope mirrors and polarimeter.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: SPIE Paper 5488-132 , UV and Gamma-Ray Space Telescope Systems (ISSN 0277-786X); 5488; 801-812|UV and Gamma-Ray Space Telescope Systems; Jun 21, 2004 - Jun 24, 2004; Glasgow, Scotland; United Kingdom
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  • 10
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    Classification of the Australian continental shelf based on predicted sediment threshold exceedance from tidal currents and swell waves (2004)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 211 (1-2). pp. 1-20.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-27
    Description: Estimates of significant wave height and period, together with tidal current speed over a semi-lunar cycle, were used to predict the area on the Australian continental shelf over which unconsolidated sediment was mobilised (threshold exceedance). These sediment-entraining processes were examined independently to quantify their relative importance on the continental shelf. Using observed grain size data, mobilisation from swell waves occurred on ∼31% and tidal currents on ∼41% of the continental shelf. Swell wave energy is sufficient to mobilise fine sand (0.1 mm diameter) to a water depth of 142 m on the Otway Shelf near the western entrance to Bass Strait. Tidal currents in King Sound (northwest shelf) are capable of mobilising large areas of medium sand (0.35 mm diameter) 100% of the time. Superimposing the distribution of threshold exceedance by wave and tidal currents indicates that there are areas on the shelf where either wave-induced or tidal currents dominate, some areas where waves and tides are of relatively equal importance and still other areas where neither is significant. We define six shelf regions of relative wave and tidal energy: zero (no-mobility); waves-only, wave-dominated, mixed, tide-dominated and tides-only. Our results provide a predictive, process-based understanding of the shelf sedimentary system that has applications to marine engineering projects and to regional studies of pollution dispersal and accumulation where significant shelf sediment mobilisation is a factor.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
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