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  • Earth Resources and Remote Sensing  (6)
  • Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance  (5)
  • 2015-2019
  • 2000-2004  (11)
  • 2002  (11)
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  • 2015-2019
  • 2000-2004  (11)
Year
  • 1
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    The cold land processes experiment (CLPX) local scale observatin site (LSOS) (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: The Local Scale Observation Site (LSOS) is the smallest study site of the Cold LandProcesses Experiment (CLPX) and is located within the Fraser Meso-cell Study Area (MSA), near the Fraser Experimental Forest Headquarters Facility, in Fraser, CO USA.The 100-m x 100-m site consists of a small open field, a managed dense canopy and an open, mixed age canopy. Unlike the other components of the experiment, which focus on spatial distributions at relatively brief snapshots in time, measurements at the local scale site focused on the temporal domain.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Remote Sensing of Suspended Sediments and Shallow Coastal Waters (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Ocean color sensors were designed mainly for remote sensing of chlorophyll concentrations over the clear open oceanic areas (case 1 water) using channels between 0.4 and 0.86 micrometers. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) launched on the NASA Terra and Aqua Spacecrafts is equipped with narrow channels located within a wider wavelength range between 0.4 and 2.5 micrometers for a variety of remote sensing applications. The wide spectral range can provide improved capabilities for remote sensing of the more complex and turbid coastal waters (case 2 water) and for improved atmospheric corrections for Ocean scenes. In this article, we describe an empirical algorithm that uses this wide spectral range to identifying areas with suspended sediments in turbid waters and shallow waters with bottom reflections. The algorithm takes advantage of the strong water absorption at wavelengths longer than 1 micrometer that does not allow illumination of sediments in the water or a shallow ocean floor. MODIS data acquired over the east coast of China, west coast of Africa, Arabian Sea, Mississippi Delta, and west coast of Florida are used in this study.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP): Guidance, Navigation, and Control Hardware Suite (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) was launched June 30, 2001 to create an all-sky map of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The mission's hardware suite included two Lockheed Martin AST-201 star trackers, two Kearfott Two-Axis Rate Assemblies (TARAs) mounted to provide X, Y and redundant Z-axis rates, two Adcole Digital Sun Sensor (DSS) heads sharing one set of electronics, twelve Adcole Coarse Sun Sensor (CSS) eyes, three Ithaco E-sized Reaction Wheel Assemblies (RWAs), and a Propulsion Subsystem that employed eight PRIMEX Rocket Engine Modules (REMs). This hardware has allowed MAP to meet its various Orbit and Attitude Control Requirements, including performing a complex zero-momentum scan, meeting its attitude determination requirements, and maintaining a trajectory that places MAP in a lissajous orbit around the second Sun-Earth Lagrange point (L2) via phasing loops and a lunar gravity assist. Details of MAP's attitude determination, attitude control, and trajectory design are presented separately. This paper will focus on the performance of the hardware components mentioned above, as well as the significant lessons learned through the use of these components. An emphasis will be placed on spacecraft design modifications that were needed to accommodate existing hardware designs into the MAP Observatory design.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: AIAA Guidance and Control Conference; Aug 01, 2002; Monterey, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Remote Sensing System Requirements Development: A Simulation-Based Approach (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Earth science research and application requirements for multispectral data have often been driven by currently available remote sensing technology. Few parametric studies exist that specify data required for certain applications. Consequently, data requirements are often defined based on the best data available or on what has worked successfully in the past. Since properites such as spatial resolution, swath width, spectral bands, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), data quantization, and band-to-band registration drive sensor platform and spaceraft system architecture and cost, analysis of these criteria is important to objectively optimize system design. Remote sensing data requirements are also linked to calibration and characterization methods. Parameters such as spatial resolution, radiometric accuracy, and geopositional accuracy affect the complexity and cost of calibration methods. However, there are few studies that quantify the true accuracies required for specific problems. As calibration methods and standards are proposed, it is important that they be tied to well-known data requirements. The Application Research Toolbox (ART) developed at Stennis Space Center provides a simulation-based method for multispectral data requirements development. The ART produces simulated data sets from hyperspectral data through band synthesis. Parameters such as spectral band shape and width, SNR, data quantization, spatial resolution, and band-to-band registration can be varied to create many different simulated data products. Simulated data utility can then be assessed for different applications so that requirements can be better understood. This paper describes the ART and its applicability for rigorously deriving remote sensing data requirements.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: SE-2002-00010-SSC , International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Commission I Mid-Term Symposium; Nov 08, 2002 - Nov 15, 2002; Denver, CO; United States
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Measurement Sets and Sites Commonly Used for Characterization (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Scientists at NASA's Earth Science Applications Directorate are creating a well-characterized Verification & Validation (V&V) site at the Stennis Space Center. This site enables the in-flight characterization of remote sensing systems and the data they acquire. The data are predominantly acquired by commercial, high spatial resolution satellite systems, such as IKONOS and QuickBird 2, and airborne systems. The smaller scale of these newer high resolution remote sensing systems allows scientists to characterize the geometric, spatial, and radiometric data properties using a single V&V site. The targets and techniques used to characterize data from these newer systems can differ significantly from the techniques used to characterize data from the earlier, coarser spatial resolution systems. Scientists are also using the SSC V&V site to characterize thermal infrared systems and active LIDAR systems. SSC employs geodetic targets, edge targets, radiometric tarps, and thermal calibration ponds to characterize remote sensing data products. This paper presents a proposed set of required measurements for visible through long-wave infrared remote sensing systems and a description of the Stennis characterization. Other topics discussed include: 1) The use of ancillary atmospheric and solar measurements taken at SSC that support various characterizations; 2) Additional sites used for radiometric, geometric, and spatial characterization in the continental United States; 3) The need for a standardized technique to be adopted by CEOS and other organizations.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: NASA/SE-2002-03-00019-SSC , ISPRS Commission I Mid-Term Symposium; Nov 10, 2002 - Nov 15, 2002; Denver, CO; United States
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Prelaunch Instrument Calibration in the Real World: The GOES Example (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The pre-launch ground infrared calibration of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) N-Q Imager and Sounder is presented. Ground calibration provides information necessary to the accurate on-orbit calibration of these radiometers. Infrared channels are calibrated in a thermal vacuum environment, under minimum and maximum mission operation temperatures, using a variable-temperature warm target to simulate the Earth scene and a cold target to simulate the space scene. Brightness temperatures derived from observation of the instrument internal calibration target, used for on-orbit calibration, are compared to brightness temperatures of the external calibration target as a check of relative accuracy using these two sources. Changes to the GOES N-Q specification from GOES I-M are highlighted, as well as results of noise, relative calibration accuracy, and spectral response performance to date. For completeness, results of spatial and pointing performance will be presented. Enhancements to test methodology and data processing techniques are highlighted throughout.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    The Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) Guidance, Navigation, and Control Hardware Suite (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The on-orbit success of the Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) Guidance, Navigation, and Control System can partially be attributed to the performance of a hardware suite chosen to meet the complex attitude determination and control requirements of the mission. To meet these requirements, a diverse set of components was used. The set included two Lockheed Martin AST-201 star trackers, two Kearfott Two-Axis Rate Assemblies mounted to provide X, Y and redundant Z-axis rates, two Adcole Digital Sun Sensor heads sharing one set of electronics, twelve Adcole Coarse Sun Sensor eyes, three Ithaco E-sized Reaction Wheel Assemblies, a Propulsion Subsystem that employed eight Primex Rocket Engine Modules, and a pair of Goddard-designed Attitude Control Electronics which connect all of the components to the spacecraft processor. The performance of this hardware is documented, as are some of the spacecraft accommodations and lessons learned that came from working with this particular set of hardware.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: AIAA Guidance and Control Conference; Aug 01, 2002; Monterey, CA; United States
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Measurement Sets and Sites Commonly used for Characterizations (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Scientists with NASA's Earth Science Applications Directorate are creating a well-characterized Verification & Validation (V&V) site at the Stennis Space Center (SSC). This site enables the in-flight characterization of remote sensing systems and the data that they require. The data are predominantly acquired by commercial, high-spatial resolution satellite systems, such as IKONOS and QuickBird 2, and airborne systems. The smaller scale of these newer high-resolution remote sensing systems allows scientists to characterize the geometric, spatial, and radiometric data properties using a single V&V site. The targets and techniques used to characterize data from these newer systems can differ significantly from the earlier, coarser spatial resolution systems. Scientists are also using the SSC V&V site to characterize thermal infrared systems and active Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems. SSC employs geodetic targets, edge targets, radiometric tarps, and thermal calibration ponds to characterize remote sensing data products. This paper presents a proposed set of required measurements for visible-through-longwave infrared remote sensing systems, and a description of the Stennis characterization. Other topics discussed inslude: 1) use of ancillary atmospheric and solar measurements taken at SSC that support various characterizations, 2) other sites used for radiometric, geometric, and spatial characterization in the continental United States,a nd 3) the need for a standardized technique to be adopted by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) and other organizations.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: NASA/SE-2002-10-00070-SSC , International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Conference; Nov 08, 2002 - Nov 15, 2002; Denver, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Remote Sensing Requirements Development: A Simulation-Based Approach (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Earth science research and application requirements for multispectral data have often been driven by currently available remote sensing technology. Few parametric studies exist that specify data required for certain applications. Consequently, data requirements are often defined based on the best data available or on what has worked successfully in the past. Since properties such as spatial resolution, swath width, spectral bands, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), data quantization and band-to-band registration drive sensor platform and spacecraft system architecture and cost, analysis of these criteria is important to optimize system design objectively. Remote sensing data requirements are also linked to calibration and characterization methods. Parameters such as spatial resolution, radiometric accuracy and geopositional accuracy affect the complexity and cost of calibration methods. However, few studies have quantified the true accuracies required for specific problems. As calibration methods and standards are proposed, it is important that they be tied to well-known data requirements. The Application Research Toolbox (ART) developed at the John C. Stennis Space Center provides a simulation-based method for multispectral data requirements development. The ART produces simulated datasets from hyperspectral data through band synthesis. Parameters such as spectral band shape and width, SNR, data quantization, spatial resolution and band-to-band registration can be varied to create many different simulated data products. Simulated data utility can then be assessed for different applications so that requirements can be better understood.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: SE-2002-10-00071-SSC , The ISPRS Commission I Symposium; Nov 08, 2002 - Nov 15, 2002; Denver, CO; United States|Land Satellite Information IV Conference; Nov 08, 2002 - Nov 15, 2002; Denver, CO; United States|15th William T. Pecora Memorial Remote Sensing Symposium; Nov 08, 2002 - Nov 15, 2002; Denver, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    International Space Station: Past, Present, and Future (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The presentation intended to provide a broad overview of what the International Space Station LISS) is and how it is being developed, who the International Partners are, and the vision for the Space Station. The presentation is predominantly pictorial with top-level station information included such as the size and weight, the amount of pressurized volume, amount of power, etc. that will be available when the station is completed. The presentation also acknowledges the countries participating in the ISS Program, the contributions of the International Partners in terms of both hardware elements and launches, the Crews that have helped assemble, outfit, and/or occupy the Station, and the research that is already underway onboard. The major hardware elements to be delivered over the next several years are shown and the presentation ends with slides giving the overall functionality and capabilities the International Space Station will provide when complete.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Jun 24, 2002 - Jun 27, 2002; Meida; Mexico
    Format: application/pdf
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