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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Quantitative Process Model for Salmonella Enteritidis in Shell Eggs (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 65 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A stochastic model estimating growth of Salmonella Enteritidis during egg collection, processing, storage, and transportation is described. The model contains equations for internal egg temperature, yolk membrane integrity, and exponential growth rate of S. Enteritidis. Monte Carlo simulations determined that no growth was likely to occur during the average 4.5 d of the egg's progression from lay through transportation. However, various time-temperature combinations affected the subsequent abuse an egg can withstand before S. Enteritidis growth begins. Scenarios demonstrated the relative importance of ambient air temperature and indicated the greatest safety improvements in this phase for shell eggs would result from preventing unrefrigerated storage or hastening cooling immediately after lay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb13601.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards a dynamic aggregate shopping model and its application to retail trading hour and market area analysis (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Papers in regional science 79 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. The supermarket equation is a differential equation peculiar to spatial science. The complex form of this equation is presented here and is used to study aggregate consumer shopping patterns. The focus is the relationship between trips to, and shopping within, planned shopping centres relative to retail trading hour boundaries. In this context, five malls in Sydney are studied in the period prior to the introduction of deregulated shopping hours in 1992. The space-time convergence of aggregate consumer behaviour at these retail nodes show that the gravity coefficient can be treated in a temporal context. Estimates of mean trading hours can be made from the general solution and these are compared to alternative estimates from Fourier analysis. Time corrections to the gravity coefficient allow for a dynamic market area analysis, where the primary trade area can be determined relative to the trading hours of the shopping centre. A Sydney example shows how this methodology can be applied with population census data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.2000.tb01765.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of immunization with DNA encoding Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The promising arena of DNA-based vaccines has led us to investigate possible candidates for immunization against bacterial pathogens. One such target is the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa which produces exotoxin A (PE), a well-characterized virulence factor encoded by the toxA gene. In its native protein form, PE is highly cytotoxic for susceptible eukaryotic cells through ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor-2 following internalization and processing of the toxin. To study the biologic and immunological effects of PE following in situ expression, we have constructed eukaryotic plasmid expression vectors containing either the wild-type or a mutated, non-cytotoxic toxA gene. In vitro analysis by transfection of UM449 cells suggests that expression of the wild-type toxA gene is lethal for transfected cells whereas transfection with a mutated toxA gene results in the production of inactive PE which can be readily detected by immunoblot analysis of cell lysates. To investigate the effects resulting from the intracellular expression of potentially cytotoxic gene products in DNA vaccine constructs, we immunized mice with both the wild-type and mutant toxA plasmid constructs and analyzed the resulting humoral and cellular immune responses. Immunization with the mutated toxA gene results in production of neutralizing antibodies against native PE and potentiates a TH1-type response, whereas only a minimal humoral response can be detected in mice immunized with wild-type toxA. DNA-based vaccination with the non-cytotoxic toxAmut gene confers complete protection against challenge with the wild-type PE. Therefore, genetic immunization with genes encoding potentially cytotoxic gene products raises concern with regard to the selection of feasible gene targets for DNA vaccine development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01425.x
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