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1

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Effects of temperature on the incubation and latent periods of hawthorn powdery mildew (Podosphaera clandestina) (2000)

Xu, X-M. ; Robinson, J. D.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Plant pathology 49 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3059

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: The effects of temperature on the length of the incubation and latent periods of hawthorn powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera clandestina, were studied. At constant temperatures over the range 10–28°C, the incubation period ranged from 5 to 14 days and the latent period from 5 to 16 days; no visible colonies had developed at 30°C after 15 days. The relationships between temperature and the rates of fungus development within the incubation and latent periods were well described by a nonlinear model. The resulting curves were asymmetrically bell-shaped with an optimum temperature of approximately 23°C. The lengths of the incubation and latent periods under fluctuating temperatures were also determined, and were used to evaluate the models developed from constant temperature experiments for their accuracy of prediction. The incubation and latent periods under fluctuating temperature regimes were predicted using a rate-summation scheme with a time step of 24 min, by integrating the respective incubation and latent rate functions obtained under constant temperatures. The predicted incubation or latent periods agreed well with the observed values. Under constant temperature the interval between the times when symptoms and sporulation on the same leaflet were first observed was very short, on average 〈1 day, and was not significantly correlated with temperature. However, this interval was negatively correlated with mean temperature under fluctuating regimes.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2000.00520.x

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2

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Yield of doubled haploid lines of Nordic spring barley infected with net blotch, Pyrenophora teres (2000)

ROBINSON, J.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant breeding 119 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1439-0523

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Five Nordic spring barley lines (‘Rolfi’, ‘Arve’, ‘Botnia’, ‘Pohto’ and WW7977) and doubled haploid (DH) populations from a half diallel of crosses between them, were sown in the field in Finland over 2 years and were artificially infected with Pyrenophora teres, the causal agent of net blotch. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the extent of yield loss under net blotch infection in a range of parent barleys and DH populations differing in symptom expression. Analysis of foliar damage symptoms, yield and aerial biomass data indicated that, in both years, there were statistically significant differences among parents and crosses, but the relationships between symptom expression and yield maintenance and between symptom expression and aerial biomass maintenance were stronger in 1997, when yields were higher and net blotch was less severe.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2000.00474.x

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3

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Large field induced strain in single crystalline Ni–Mn–Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloy (2000)

Murray, S. J. ; Marioni, M. A. ; Kukla, A. M. ; [et al.]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5774-5776

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: A room temperature free shear strain of 5.7% is reported in a single crystal of Ni–Mn–Ga having a composition close to the Heusler alloy Ni2MnGa. A twin boundary was created in a 2 mm×2 mm×25 mm single crystal using a permanent magnet with surface field strength of about 320 000 A/m. A sharp 6.5° bend occurs in the sample at the twin boundary. The surface magnetization changes abruptly across this boundary. By moving the sample relative to the edge of the magnet, we were able to sweep the boundary back and forth along the crystal length. Surface magnetization was measured using a Hall probe and the results confirm that the easy axis is the tetragonal c axis. Powder x-ray diffraction shows that the fcc to body-centered-tetragonal bct martensitic transition of this material involved a 6% reduction of the bct cell c/a ratio, from (square root of 2) to about 1.33. The maximum achievable strain is thus estimated to be 6.2%. The twin planes in the system are the {112}bct and were observed to lie almost normal to the long axis of the sample tested. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372518

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4

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Application of BARE-1 retrotransposon markers to the mapping of a major resistance gene for net blotch in barley (2000)

Manninen, O. ; Kalendar, R. ; Robinson, J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Molecular genetics and genomics 264 (2000), S. 325-334

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ISSN: 1617-4623

Keywords: BARE-1 retrotransposon Barley Net blotch resistance Linkage mapping Quantitative trait locus (QTL)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract. Net blotch, which is caused by the fungus Pyrenophora teres Drechs. f. teres Smedeg., presents a serious problem for barley production worldwide, and the identification and deployment of sources of resistance to it are key objectives for many breeders. Here, we report the identification of a major resistance gene, accounting for 65% of the response variation, in a cross between the resistant line CI9819 and the susceptible cv. Rolfi. The resistance gene was mapped to chromosome 6H with the aid of two recently developed systems of retrotransposon-based molecular markers, REMAP and IRAP. A total of 239 BARE-1 and Sukkula retrotransposon markers were mapped in the cross, and the 30-cM segment containing the locus with significant resistance effect contained 26 of the markers. The type and local density of the markers should facilitate future map-based cloning of the resistance gene as well as manipulation of the resistance through backcross breeding.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380000326

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5

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Rapid purification of transfected porcine muscle cells (2000)

Blanton, J. R. ; Robinson, J. P. ; Gerrard, D. E. ; [et al.]

Springer

Methods in cell science 22 (2000), S. 217-223

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ISSN: 1573-0603

Keywords: Flow cytometry ; Muscle cell ; Porcine ; Transfection

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract A detailed methodology is described for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of porcine muscle cells that have been transfected to express green fluorescent protein (GFP). Cells are liberated from porcine skeletal muscle and primary cultures are transfected with DNA encoding GFP. Primary cultures are subjected to immunocytochemistry using a primary muscle-specific monoclonal antibody followed by incubation with a phycoerythrin-conjugated second antibody. Transfected myoblasts aresorted from fibroblasts using forward angle light scatter and ninety degree light scatter, phycoerythrin fluorescence, and GFP fluorescence. These procedures allow for isolation of genetically-engineered porcine muscle cells more rapidly than traditional clonal selection procedures. Consequently, FACS provides porcine myoblast populations that retain the majority of their replicative capacity and are not contaminated with non-myogenic cells.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009856411749

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6

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Stable resistance in barley to Pyrenophora teres f. teres isolates from the Nordic-Baltic region after increase on standard host genotypes (2000)

Jalli, M. ; Robinson, J.

Springer

Euphytica 113 (2000), S. 71-77

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; net blotch ; resistance

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Results from tests of a mixture of Finnish net blotch, Pyrenophora teres Drechs. f. teres Smedeg., isolates on a differential series of barley seedlings, comprising 17genotypes, indicated that patterns of infection response (IR)and percentage leaf area damaged (PLAD) were unaffected by differences in seedling size. Variation of the concentration of inoculum between 1,250 conidia ml-1 and 20,000 conidia ml-1 produced similar patterns of IR and PLAD on the differential series. IR and PLAD scored on the second seedling leaf differentiated resistance to P. teres f. teresamong the genotypes better than on the first seedling leaf. Ina second experiment, 120 single-spore P. teres f. teres isolates from Finland, Sweden, Norway, Latvia, Estonia and Ireland were used in tests conducted in the greenhouse to differentiate them in terms of virulence reaction on seedlings of six differential barley genotypes. Each isolate was tested directly following isolation from the leaf material and after having passaged each through barley cvs. Arve or Pohto, to produce 360 isolates in total. Virulence of the isolates differed significantly on the members of the differential series, but differences associated with country of origin and passaging, and interactions, were small. It is concluded that little variation between virulence of P. teres f. teres isolates is evident over a large geographic area, incorporating Nordic and Baltic countries, and Ireland. Barley genotype response to P. teres f. teres appeared to be of more significance than relative virulence of the pathogen isolates. This could simplify breeding barley for improved resistance to this phytopathogen.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003912825455

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7

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Ozone tolerance and antioxidant enzyme activity in soybean cultivars (2000)

Chernikova, Tatyana ; Robinson, J. Michael ; Lee, Edward H. ; [et al.]

Springer

Photosynthesis research 64 (2000), S. 15-26

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ISSN: 1573-5079

Keywords: ascorbate peroxidase ; glutathione reductase ; oxidative stress ; ozone tolerance ; superoxide dismutase

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The current study confirmed earlier conclusions regarding differential ozone (O3) tolerances of two soybean cultivars, Essex and Forrest, and evaluated antioxidant enzyme activities of these two varieties based on their performance under environmentally relevant, elevated O3 conditions. The experiment was conducted in open-top chambers in the field during the 1994 and 1995 growing seasons. Exposure of plants to moderately high O3 levels (62.9 nl l−1 air, 2-year seasonal average) caused chlorophyll loss and increased membrane permeability when compared to control plants grown in charcoal filtered air (24.2 nl l−1 air). The other effects of O3 treatment were decrease in seed yield, loss of total sulfhydryl groups, reduction of soluble protein content, and increase in guaiacol peroxidase activity in leaves of both cultivars. The O3-induced increase in guaiacol peroxidase activity was much smaller in cv. Essex leaflets. Cv. Essex had less leaf oxidative damage and smaller reduction in seed yield than cv. Forrest under elevated O3 conditions. During ozonation, mature leaflets of the more O3 tolerant cv. Essex had higher levels of glutathione reductase (30%), ascorbate peroxidase (13%), and superoxide dismutase (45%) activity than did mature leaflets of cv. Forrest. Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, which represented 95% of total superoxide dismutase activity in the two cultivars, appeared to be increased by O3 exposure in the leaflets of O3 tolerant cv. Essex but not in those of cv. Forrest. Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase activity was also higher in leaflets of cv. Essex than in cv. Forrest regardless of O3 level. Stromal ascorbate peroxidase and Mn-superoxide dismutase activity did not appear to be involved in the O3 tolerance of the two soybean cultivars.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026500911237

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8

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Tolerance of a field grown soybean cultivar to elevated ozone level is concurrent with higher leaflet ascorbic acid level, higher ascorbate-dehydroascorbate redox status, and long term photosynthetic productivity (2000)

Michael Robinson, J. ; Britz, Steven J.

Springer

Photosynthesis research 64 (2000), S. 77-87

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ISSN: 1573-5079

Keywords: ascorbic acid ; ascorbate-glutathione cycle ; bean yield ; dehydroascorbate ; ozone ; photosynthesis ; soybean ; vegetative yield

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract We examined the characteristics of ascorbic acid (ASC) level, dehydroascorbate (DHA) level, and the ASC–DHA redox status in the leaflets of two soybean cultivars grown in a field environment and exposed to elevated ozone (O3) levels. These two cultivars, one that preliminary evidence indicated to be O3-tolerant (cv Essex), and one that was indicated to be O3-sensitive (cv Forrest), were grown in open-top chambers during the summer of 1997. The plants were exposed daily to a controlled, moderately high O3 level (≈58 nl l−1 air) in the light, beginning at the seedling stage and continuing to bean maturity. Concurrently, control plants were exposed to carbon-filtered, ambient air containing a relatively low O3 level (≈24 nl l−1 air) during the same period. Elevated O3 did not affect biomass per plant, mature leaf area accretion, or bean yield per plant of cv Essex. In contrast, elevated O3 level decreased the biomass and bean yield per plant of cv Forrest by approximately 20%. Daily leaflet photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance per unit area did not decrease in either cultivar as a result of prolonged O3 exposure. A 10% lower mature leaflet area in O3-treated cv Forrest plants contributed to an ultimate limitation in long-term photosynthetic productivity (vegetative and bean yield). Possible factors causing cv Essex to be more O3 tolerant than cv Forrest were: 1) mature leaflets of control and O3-treated cv Essex plants consistently maintained a higher daily ASC level than leaflets of cv Forrest plants, and 2) mature leaflets of cv Essex plants maintained a higher daily ASC–DHA redox status than leaflets of cv Forrest plants.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026508227189

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9

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Residual stress prediction and determination in 7010 aluminum alloy forgings (2000)

Tanner, D. A. ; Robinson, J. S.

Springer

Experimental mechanics 40 (2000), S. 75-82

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ISSN: 1741-2765

Keywords: residual stress ; aluminum alloy ; forging ; solution heat treatment

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: Abstract Precipitation-hardened aluminum alloys gain their high strength through heat treatment involving a severe quenching operation, which can have the adverse effect of introducing residual stresses. The finite element code ABAQUS is used to simulate the quenching of aluminum alloy 7010 in an attempt to predict the residual stress distribution that develops in simple shapes. The rate of heat transfer from the material is determined using the finite element method to predict the heat transfer coefficient from surface cooling curves achieved experimentally. The flow stress of the material is assumed to be strain rate dependent and to behave in a perfectly plastic manner. The predicted residual stress magnitudes and directions are compared to values determined using the holedrilling strain gage method and the X-ray diffraction technique.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02327551

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