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Electronic Resource

Boron retarded self-interstitial diffusion in Czochralski growth of silicon crystals and its role in oxidation-induced stacking-fault ring dynamics (1999)

Sinno, Talid ; Susanto, Hendi ; Brown, Robert A.

Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 1544-1546

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ISSN: 1077-3118

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: The effect of boron doping on the position of the oxidation-induced stacking-fault ring (OSF ring) during Czochralski (CZ) crystal growth is described using a comprehensive model for point defect dynamics including the role of boron. The important interactions between boron atoms and intrinsic point defects are selected on the basis of tight-binding estimates for the energies of formation for boron-point defect structures. Intrinsic point defect properties used are taken from a parameterized model of point defect dynamics for predicting OSF-ring dynamics. Entropies of formation for boron-point defect species are obtained by fitting the predictions of the model to experimental data for OSF-ring dynamics. The model successfully predicts OSF-ring dynamics for a variety of doping and growth conditions. The effect of boron on the OSF ring is caused by the retardation of point defect recombination at temperatures near the melting point caused by dynamic storage of self-interstitials in complexes with boron. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124749

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2

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Selecting alloys for severely corrosive service (1999)

Brown, Robert S.

Bradford : Emerald

Anti-corrosion 46 (1999), S. 6-13

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ISSN: 0003-5599

Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: Selecting the most suitable, cost-efficient alloy for a given application should not be difficult if the methodology described in this paper is followed. The first step is to identify those alloys with the desired corrosion resistance. Factors other than chemical composition have a bearing on an alloy's corrosion resistance. Service environment and nature of the product application must also be considered. These conditions are discussed in the text. Consideration should be given to other key issues such as mechanical properties required as well as method of fabrication, design, condition and availability of the candidate alloy. To simplify selection, the author discusses severe corrodents and aggressive environments that are commonly encountered in the process industries, and describes the characteristics of alloys that might be considered for each type of corrosive service. Cross referenced charts position these alloys to show their relative resistance to each type of corrosion attack. While the paper is not designed to replace the technical expertise of a corrosion engineer, the author feels it can serve as a good starting point in the alloy selection process.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035599910252596

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3

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Differential gene expression in human spinal cord tissues from ALS patients (1999)

Dangond, Fernando ; Brown, Robert ; Gullans, Steven R.

[s.l.] : Nature America, Inc.

Nature genetics 23 (1999), S. 40-40

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ISSN: 1546-1718

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: [Auszug] Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a human neurologic disease characterised by the progressive deterioration of motor function, leading to death within a few years. In some of the familial forms of ALS, a mutation of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene has been demonstrated. Recent studies ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/14290

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4

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Development of a rapid prototyping design advice system (1999)

Bibb, Richard ; Taha, Zahari ; Brown, Robert ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of intelligent manufacturing 10 (1999), S. 331-339

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ISSN: 1572-8145

Keywords: Rapid prototyping ; expert system ; knowledge based system ; decision support ; product development aid

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: Abstract This paper describes the initial development of a computer based Rapid Prototyping Design Advice System. The system is intended to assist the designer or project manager, particularly those in small and medium sized companies, in planning the prototyping stage of product development. It provides the user with an efficient and user friendly development aid which uses information obtained from the user and Computer Aided Design data to recommend suitable rapid prototyping solutions.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008920512663

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5

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Imaging the Gas Distribution and Kinematics in the Early Universe with ALMA (1999)

Brown, Robert L.

Springer

Astrophysics and space science 269-270 (1999), S. 533-540

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ISSN: 1572-946X

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Physics

Notes: Abstract A summary is presented of the status of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) project. The scientific goals for the project, in particular the goals for imaging gas in early galaxies, are used to illustrate the specific needs for the development of ALMA technology making it, uniquely, a complete imaging system. The plans to achieve this development by means of common international effort and under a common Memorandum of Understanding are noted. Finally, estimates are given of the construction timescale and the principle issues that remain to be settled are highlighted.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017083416083

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6

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Climate Change Impacts on the Potential Productivity of Corn and Winter Wheat in Their Primary United States Growing Regions (1999)

Brown, Robert A. ; Rosenberg, Norman J.

Springer

Climatic change 41 (1999), S. 73-107

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ISSN: 1573-1480

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Notes: Abstract We calculate the impacts of climate effects inferred from three atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) at three levels of climate change severity associated with change in global mean temperature (GMT) of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 °C and three levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) – 365 (no CO2 fertilization effect), 560 and 750 ppm – on the potential production of dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) for the primary (current) U.S. growing regions of each crop. This analysis is a subset of the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM) which has the goal of integrating the linkages and feedbacks among human activities and resulting greenhouse gas emissions, changes in atmospheric composition and resulting climate change, and impacts on terrestrial systems. A set of representative farms was designed for each of the primary production regions studied and the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) was used to simulate crop response to climate change. The GCMs applied were the Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS), the United Kingdom Meteorological Transient (UKTR) and the Australian Bureau of Meteorological Research Center (BMRC), each regionalized by means of a scenario generator (SCENGEN). The GISS scenarios have the least impact on corn and wheat production, reducing national potential production for corn by 6% and wheat by 7% at a GMT of 2.5 °C and no CO2 fertilization effect; the UKTR scenario had the most severe impact on wheat, reducing production by 18% under the same conditions; BMRC had the greatest negative impact on corn, reducing production by 20%. A GMT increase of 1.0°C marginally decreased corn and wheat production. Increasing GMT had a detrimental impact on both corn and wheat production, with wheat production suffering the greatest losses. Decreases for wheat production at GMT 5.0 and [CO2] = 365 ppm range from 36% for the GISS to 76% for the UKTR scenario. Increases in atmospheric [CO2] had a positive impact on both corn and wheat production. AT GMT 1.0, an increase in [CO2] to 560 ppm resulted in a net increase in corn and wheat production above baseline levels (from 18 to 29% for wheat and 2 to 5% for corn). Increases in [CO2] help to offset yield reductions at higher GMT levels; in most cases, however, these increases are not sufficient to return crop production to baseline levels.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005449132633

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7

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Evidence of a Mixed-Layer Dynamics Contribution to the Entrainment Process (1999)

Flamant, Cyrille ; Pelon, Jacques ; Brashers, Bart ; [et al.]

Springer

Boundary layer meteorology 93 (1999), S. 47-73

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ISSN: 1573-1472

Keywords: Boundary-layer model ; Mixed-layer dynamics ; Organized large eddies ; Ekman flow ; Cold-air outbreak

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Notes: Abstract The internal thermal boundary layer developing over the Mediterranean during a cold-air outbreak associated with a Tramontane event has been studied by means of airborne lidar, in situ sensors, and a modelling approach that consisted of nesting the University of Washington (UW) planetary boundary-layer (PBL) model in an advective zero-order jump model. This approach bypasses some of the deficiencies associated with each model: the absence of the dynamics in the mixed layer for the zero-order jump model and the lack of an inversion at the PBL top for the UW PBL model. Particular attention is given to the parameterization of the entrainment flux at the PBL top. Values of the entrainment closure parameter derived with the model when matching PBL structure observations are much lower than those derived with standard zero-order jump models. They also are in good agreement with values measured in different meteorological situations by other studies. This improvement is a result of the introduction of turbulent kinetic energy production in the mixed layer.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002083425811

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