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  • 1
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    Search for scalar fermions and long-lived scalar leptons at centre-of-mass energies of 130 GeV to 172 GeV (1999)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-01
    Print ISSN: 1434-6044
    Electronic ISSN: 1434-6052
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ab initio potential energy surfaces for He–Cl2, Ne–Cl2, and Ar–Cl2 (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 7745-7755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The three-dimensional ground state potential energy surfaces for He–Cl2, Ne–Cl2, and Ar–Cl2 have been calculated using the single and double excitation coupled-cluster approach with noniterative perturbational treatment of triple excitations [CCSD(T)]. Calculations have been performed with the augmented correlation consistent triple zeta basis sets supplemented with an additional set of bond functions. Single point calculations for approximate minima have also been performed with several other basis sets including the quadruple zeta basis set (aug-cc-pVQZ) with bond functions. For He–Cl2 and Ar–Cl2 the CCSD(T) results show that the linear configuration is lower in energy than the T-shaped one. For Ne–Cl2 the CCSD(T) approach predicts the T-shaped configuration to be lower in energy. The linear configuration has been found to be more sensitive than the T-shaped one to the changes of the Cl–Cl bond length with the interaction becoming weaker when the Cl–Cl bond length is shortened from its equilibrium value and stronger when it is lengthened. More detailed analysis shows that sensitivity of component energies such as exchange, dispersion, and induction is much greater than that of supermolecule results. The interaction in the T-shaped configuration becomes slightly stronger for shorter Cl–Cl bonds. For He–Cl2 and Ar–Cl2 the larger zero-point vibrational energy of the linear configuration is responsible for making the T-shaped configuration the ground vibrational state. Vibrational effects further increase the difference in energy between the ground state T-shaped configuration of Ne–Cl2 and its linear counterpart. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478683
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS OF CASPASE ACTIVATION DURING APOPTOSIS (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 15 (1999), S. 269-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Caspase activation plays a central role in the execution of apoptosis. The key components of the biochemical pathways of caspase activation have been recently elucidated. In this review, we focus on the two most well-studied pathways of caspase activation: the cell surface death receptor pathway and the mitochondria-initiated pathway. In the cell surface death receptor pathway, activation of caspase-8 following its recruitment to the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) is the critical event that transmits the death signal. This event is regulated at several different levels by various viral and mammalian proteins. Activated caspase-8 can activate downstream caspases by direct cleavage or indirectly by cleaving Bid and inducing cytochrome c release from the mitochondria. In the mitochondrial-initiated pathway, caspase activation is triggered by the formation of a multimeric Apaf-1/cytochrome c complex that is fully functional in recruiting and activating procaspase-9. Activated caspase-9 will then cleave and activate downstream caspases such as caspase-3, -6, and -7. This pathway is regulated at several steps, including the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, the binding and hydrolysis of dATP/ATP by Apaf-1, and the inhibition of caspase activation by the proteins that belong to the inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.15.1.269
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NEW METHODS OF MODELING WATER AVAILABILITY FOR AGRICULTURE UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE: THE U.S. CORNBELT (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 35 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : This paper reports on new methods of linking climate change scenarios with hydrologic, agricultural an water planning models to study future water availability for agriculture, an essential element of sustainability. The study is based on the integration of models of water supply and demand, and of crop growth and irrigation management. Consistent modeling assumptions, available databases, and scenario simulations are used to capture a range of possible future conditions. The linked models include WATBAL for water supply; CERES, SOYGRO, and CROPWAT for crop and irrigation modeling; and WEAP for water demand forecasting, planning and evaluation. These models are applied to the U.S. Cornbelt using forecasts of climate change, agricultural production, population and GDP growth.Results suggest that, at least in the near term, the relative abundance of water for agriculture can be maintained under climate change conditions. However, increased water demands from urban growth, increases in reservoir evaporation and increases in crop consumptive use must be accommodated by timely improvements in crop, irrigation and drainage technology, water management, and institutions. These improvements are likely to require substantial resources and expertise. In the highly irrigated basins of the region, irrigation demand greatly exceeds industrial and municipal demands. When improvements in irrigation efficiency are tested, these basins respond by reducing demand and lessening environmental stress with an improvement in system reliability, effects particularly evident under a high technology scenario. Rain-fed lands in the Cornbelt are not forced to invest in irrigation, but there is some concern about increased water-logging during the spring and consequent required increased investment in agricultural drainage. One major water region in the Cornbelt also provides a useful caveat: change will not necessarily be continuous and monotonic. Under one GCM scenario for the 2010s, the region shows a significant decrease in system reliability, while the scenario for the 2020s shows an increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04242.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Pipeline Testing Facility for the Examination of Pipe-Wall Deposits and Red-Water Events in Drinking Water (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 13 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Field surveys of Thames Water's distribution mains found the occurrence of ‘red water’ to be highly variable and localized. To model the many inter-related factors identified in the field, a controlled pipeline-testing facility was required to simulate conditions in a ‘live’ network, but on a pilot-scale. This was achieved by incorporating a specialized red-water testing facility into an existing experimental pipeline.This paper describes the hydraulic and material design features, including the addition of a ‘dead-end’ section operated on a stagnation and flow regime, quantified using computational fluid dynamics. Following commissioning, the facility has provided detailed, time-sequenced observations on corrosion-deposit development and red-water generation under different hydraulic regimes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1999.tb00999.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental effects on asexual reproduction in Arundo donax (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 39 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Arundo donax L. (giant reed) is an invasive perennial plant that has spread widely in riparian areas in California, where it has altered wildlife habitats, created a fire hazard, compromised water conservation efforts, and affected flood control. Currently, physical removal is the primary means of controlling this weed, which is ineffective because of prolific asexual reproduction from an extensive rhizome system. We conducted controlled experiments on the sprouting potential of vegetative propagules, effects of storage duration and conditions on sprouting, and survival and growth of propagules in various soil types and moisture regimens. Sprouting and regrowth varied greatly with propagule type and size and with treatment and duration of storage after removal from the plant. Over 90% of stem and rhizome pieces with at least one node sprouted. Stem sprouting was affected by prior storage duration, temperature and moisture, whereas only storage duration and moisture affected rhizome sprouting. Sprouting was reduced by drying propagules at 30 °C for 1 week and by storage in a soil slurry. After 16 weeks, even propagules maintained optimally in moist soil showed reduced sprouting. Rhizome pieces sprouted readily from a soil depth of 25 cm, whereas stem pieces sprouted from less than 10 cm. Responsiveness of asexual reproduction in A. donax to environmental cues suggests that mechanical control can be improved by careful timing and treatment of cut biomass pieces to minimize or inhibit sprouting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.1999.00129.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling the spatio-temporal deployment of resistant varieties to reduce the incidence of rice tungro disease in a dynamic cropping system (1999)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 48 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A dynamic cropping system was represented by a square lattice of fields in which crops were successively harvested and replanted. A spectrum of crop ages existed at any one time and the virus disease persisted by spread of inoculum between crops. Such a situation is typical of many areas of tropical irrigated rice cultivation in which rice tungro virus disease (RTVD) occurs. Using a mathematical model of the epidemiology of RTVD in the cropping system, the deployment of fields of a genotype expressing some resistance to the disease was investigated. Previous studies on the effect of genotype mixtures on disease progress within a single crop have shown that both the rate of disease increase and the rate of focus expansion were proportional to the logarithm of the fraction of susceptible plants in the mixture. Here, looking at long-term disease incidence in a dynamic cropping system, it was found that this same ‘logarithmic rule’ applied, provided that resistant crop deployment was spatially random. A relatively large proportion of fields had to be planted with resistant varieties in order to have sufficient area-wide impact on inoculum to reduce disease incidence in fields of susceptible varieties. In many rice cropping systems there are two growing seasons per year and the modelling indicated that the best strategy was to concentrate deployment of resistant varieties in the season of greatest disease spread. Attempts to minimize inoculum carry-over to the ‘high spread’ season by concentrating resistant varieties in the previous season had little effect over a range of simulated conditions. In considering recommendations for the management of RTVD, a conflict existed between the reduction of disease incidence strategically and in the individual fields of a newly deployed variety. To maximize area-wide strategic impact, small genotype units and random patterns were best, but to protect individual fields, large units and concentrated deployment were best.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1999.00360.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conservation of transposon structures in soil bacteria (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The presence of Class II transposon genes related to Tn21 and Tn501, and their structural arrangements have been determined in a collection of 124 mercury resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Seventy-five of the 124 isolates contained a tnpA (transposase) gene related to Tn21 and Tn501 and in all 64 isolates that contained both tnpA genes and plasmids, the tnpA gene was plasmid borne. The relative orientation of the tnp genes and the mer operon (encoding mercury resistance) was also studied and revealed the presence of two distinct structural groups. The merC gene was present in 44 isolates. Five isolates were found to carry integrase genes and these contained inserted gene cassettes varying in size from 1.1 kb to 4.5 kb. The structural arrangement of the tnpA and tnpR (resolvase) genes within the isolates was determined. Sixty-nine of the 75 tnpA containing isolates had an arrangement of tnpA and tnpR genes similar to that found in the Tn21 subgroup of transposons. Four strains did not produce a PCR product using tnpR primers. The remaining two isolates had undetermined arrangements of tnpA and tnpR genes. No Tn3-like arrangements of tnpA and tnpR genes were present in these isolates, despite being detected in DNA extracted directly from the isolation sites. This suggests that Tn3-like arrangements of tnpA and tnpR genes are not commonly associated with mercury resistance genes in these environments. It was also apparent that the recombination events which have previously been observed in these strains have not significantly affected the diversity of the transposon structures within the isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1999.tb00632.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Logistics of materials handling methods in high rise in-situ construction (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of physical distribution and logistics management 29 (1999), S. 659-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 0960-0035
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Results of an international investigation concerning the selection of materials handling methods for high rise in-situ concrete buildings by contractors' planning engineers in France, Germany and the UK are presented. Findings indicate that materials handling methods differ in each international location. Tower cranes still dominate for high rise in-situ concrete buildings, although contractors will also frequently utilise concrete pumps in conjunction. Company size has little impact on the materials handling method selected. Eight predominant (construction method) selection factors are identified, and ranked for each international group of contractors. Statistically, the rankings are shown to be almost the same for each country. Relative costs, speed of construction, and site safety are the principal selection criteria. Correlation analysis reveals a degree of association between the selection factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09600039910300037
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The track structures of ionizing particles and their application to radiation biophysics (1999)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Keywords: Key words Alpha particle ; Deuteron ; Proton ; Biophysical modeling ; Radiation quality influence ; Bacillus subtilis ; DNA density ; Monte Carlo calculations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  A new approach to the interpretation of the effects of radiation on cells is described, in which sample particle tracks are constructed using a Monte Carlo computer program and the exposure of cellular targets to these tracks is simulated using a second program known as BIOPHYS. Data on the shapes and DNA contents of the cell nuclei are obtained from the literature. It is assumed that the sensitive material is DNA, and that the target is divided into cubes of approximately 2 nm (the diameter of the DNA helix) per side; the numbers of these cubes containing different numbers of ionizations are derived. Two different methods of analysing the output of BIOPHYS are described. In the first, it is assumed that lethality is caused by the occurrence of a number of ionizations equal to or greater than a certain threshold in one cube; in the second method, it is assumed that only two ionizations are required, in different parts of the cube, but that only some fraction of the cube is sensitive. These models have been applied to the interpretation of the variation of radiosensitivity with a linear energy transfer (LET) of spores of Bacillus subtilis exposed wet and dry, and good fits to the published experimental data were obtained using both models. Fits to experimental data for a range of other cell lines will be presented in a second paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004110050153
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