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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new grid-free density-functional technique: Application to the torsional energy surfaces of ethane, hydrazine, and hydrogen peroxide (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 7124-7138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: We describe the implementation of a new grid-free density-functional technique for exchange-correlation potentials of ρ1/3 form (exchange-only local density-functional theory potentials). The potential is fitted to integrable functional forms by solving a set of nonlinear equations, rather than by fitting on a three-dimensional grid of points. This completely analytical method produces smooth energy surfaces and exact energy gradients. The method is found to be several times faster computationally in single-point calculations than a comparable grid-based method with a moderate number of grid points, and it is more than an order of magnitude faster for geometry optimizations. The analytical method is tested on the torsional energy surfaces of the classic isoelectronic series C2H6, N2H4, and H2O2, using the Hartree–Fock–Slater potential (α=2/3). The locations and relative energies of energy extrema, and the structural variations across the potential surfaces, are in good agreement with experimental data and the results of high-quality ab initio studies. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473734
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of the constant coefficient in scale similarity models of turbulence (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 9 (1997), S. 1485-1487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Scale similarity models are discussed for the subgrid-scale stress tensor and subgrid-scale variance of a passive scalar in a turbulent flow. The modeling involves sampling of the resolved fields by applying a spatial filter at a scale greater than the grid spacing of the computational mesh. A method is described for determining the constant of proportionality present in each model. The model constant for the subgrid-scale stress tensor is determined such that the subgrid-scale turbulent kinetic energy is exact on average. The constant is shown to depend on the size of the sampling filter, the turbulence Reynolds number and the degree of resolution of the large eddies. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869271
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Constructing a nitrogen fertilizer recommendation system using a dynamic model: what do farmers want? (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 13 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. An effective fertilizer recommendation system requires information on seasonal, soil-related and cultural variations in soil mineral nitrogen (N) and nutrient requirements of the crop. This can be provided by dynamic N turnover models, such as listed by Plentinger & Penning De Vries (1996). In this paper, we describe a survey of farmer opinion designed to ascertain what farmers want from such a decision support system. Over 100 farmers were surveyed. Surveyed farmers requested that default values be available for all model inputs. Inputs should be entered both by windows-based menu (for clarity) and tabular format (for speed), have user-selected units, and be fully supported by context-sensitive help. The system should have a hierarchical structure allowing access to fixed parameters, and be compatible with commonly used farm recording packages. Recommendations should be provided both for the field (single and optional application rates), and in tabular format across the whole farm. Simulations should be easily rerun using more recent crop and weather data. Turnover processes underlying recommendations should be illustrated by flow diagrams of flux between pools, pie charts of fertilizer fate, bar charts of movement down the soil profile and graphical plots of changes in N status against time.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1997.tb00592.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of field burning and soil treatments on growth of wheat after Kentucky bluegrass, and effect of Rhizoctonia cerealis on bluegrass emergence and growth (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Studies were conducted to assess the importance of soil-borne pathogens as impediments to the production of direct-drilled wheat following Kentucky bluegrass in rotation. Bluegrass sods were collected as cores from commercial seed fields in October (after open-field burning) and in December and March (after exposure to normal freezing and thawing), treated with glyphosate after a 2- to 3-week period of green-up in the glasshouse, and then planted to wheat 21 days later. Wheat seedlings in the 3- to 4-leaf stage were stunted and spindly in either burned or nonburned sods collected in October, but grew significantly better in burned than nonburned sods collected in December and March. Fumigation (methyl bromide), simulated tillage, and application of metalaxyl as a drench, singly or as combined treatments, improved the growth of wheat in nonburned sods. Growth of wheat in nontreated burned sods collected after frost had penetrated the upper portions was equivalent to that in fumigated sods. Experimental freezing at −20°C for up to 96 h, of burned and nonburned sods collected in October, followed by thawing also improved the growth of wheat subsequently sown directly into these sods. The stunted and spindly seedlings had roots girdled and severed by lesions typical of Rhizoctonia root rot. Isolates of Rhizoctonia cerealis were recovered from these roots and caused poor seedling emergence and stunted root and shoot growth of both wheat and bluegrass. The results suggest that both R. cerealis and Pythium spp. are potentially important soil-borne pathogens of wheat when following Kentucky bluegrass in rotation and that burning done routinely to improve the yield of bluegrass seed can also reduce the potential for damage caused by Rhizoctonia and Pythium root rots of wheat seeded directly into bluegrass sod.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-71.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Yeang, Ken: The Skyscraper Bioclimatically Considered : Academy Editions, 1996 (1997)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Architectural research quarterly 2 (1997), S. 92-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1359-1355
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1359135500001470
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metamorphic evolution of calcsilicate granulites near Battye Glacier, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of metamorphic geology 15 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Calcsilicate granulites of probable Middle Proterozoic age (c.1000–1100 Ma) in the vicinity of Battye Glacier, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica, contain prograde metamorphic assemblages comprising various combinations of wollastonite, scapolite, clinopyroxene, An-rich plagioclase, calcite, quartz, titanite and, rarely, orthoclase, ilmenite, phlogopite and graphite. Comparison of the prograde assemblages with calculated and experimentally determined phase relations in the simple CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–CO2–H2O system suggests peak metamorphism at ≥835 °C in the presence (in wollastonite-bearing assemblages at least) of a CO2-bearing fluid (XCO≥0.3) at a probable pressure of 6–7 kbar.Well-preserved retrograde reaction textures represent: (1) breakdown of scapolite to anorthite+calcite±quartz; (2) formation of grossular–andradite garnet and, locally, (3) epidote, both principally by reactions involving scapolite breakdown products and clinopyroxene; (4) local coupled replacement of clinopyroxene and ilmenite by hornblende and titanite, respectively; and finally (5) local sericitization of prograde and retrograde plagioclase. These retrograde reactions are interpreted to be the result of cooling and variable infiltration by H2O-rich fluids, possibly derived from crystallizing pegmatitic intrusions and segregations that may be partial melts, which are common throughout the area.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1997.00024.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Complexation of Cu2+ and Pb2+ by peat and humic acid (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of soil science 48 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: The binding of metal to humic substances is problematical. The approaches for studying metal binding to organic matter are briefly reviewed. Ion-selective electrodes (Cu2+ and Pb2+) were used to measure metal complexation by a whole peat and an extracted humic acid (HA) fraction. Scatchard plots and calculation of incremental formation constants were used to obtain values for the binding constants for the metals onto both peat and HA. Both the peat and the humic acid had a larger maximum binding capacity for Pb2+ than for Cu2+ (e.g. at pH = 5 HA gave 0·188 mmol Cu2+ g−1 and 0·564 mmol Pb2+ g−1: peat gave 0·111 mmol Cu2+ g−1 and 0·391 mmol Pb2+ g−1). Overall, the humic acid had a larger metal binding capacity, suggesting that extraction caused conformational or chemical changes. The binding constants (K1) for Cu2+ increased with increasing pH in both peat and humic acid, and were larger in the peat at any given pH (e.g. at pH = 5 HA gave log K1= 2·63, and peat gave log K1= 4·47 for Cu2+). The values for Pb2+ showed little change with pH or between peat and humic acid (e.g. at pH = 5 HA gave log K1= 3·03 and peat gave log K1= 3·00 for Pb2+). In the peat, Cu2+ may be more able to bind in a 2:1 stoichiometric arrangement, resulting in greater stability but smaller binding capacity, whereas Pb2+ binds predominantly in a 1:1 arrangement, with more metal being bound less strongly. Whole peat is considered to be more appropriate than an extracted humic acid fraction for the study of heavy metal binding in organic soils, as this is the material with which metals introduced into an organic soil would interact under natural conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1997.tb00568.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Making mentoring work (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Training for quality 5 (1997), S. 6-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4875
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Suggests that formal mentoring schemes are on the increase in response to the rapid pace of change and the need for people to network in lean delayered organizations. Defines mentoring as a one-to-one process of helping individuals to learn and develop and takes a longer-term perspective which focuses on the person's career and their development. Reviews the experience of best practice organizations using mentoring and draws on a feasibility survey of managers in a 10,000 strong global engineering company. Typical problem areas are that expectations and objectives may be misunderstood, the formal framework may not fit the culture and it can be hard to find suitable mentors. Discusses the strengths of mentoring, some of the pitfalls, and factors which help to make mentoring work effectively. Asserts that you should be clear what you want out of mentoring, communicate thoroughly, carefully tailor the programme to the needs of participants and the culture, train the mentor and set up evaluation and review methods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09684879710156469
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermal improvements in office refurbishment: a comparative study of current practice in Amsterdam, Hamburg, London, New York and Toronto (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 92-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Reveals the outcome of research into thermal improvements in commercial office refurbishment, comparing practice between Amsterdam, Hamburg, London, New York and Toronto. Sought a deeper understanding of the reasons why thermal improvements may and may not be incorporated into refurbishment and took an analytical, rather than statistical approach. Found that similar practice occurs, with the status of thermal improvements low compared to other factors. Legislation is complied with, though it represents a minimum permissible standard. States that landlords pass on running costs to occupiers and incentives for reducing costs are minimal. Posits that refurbishment with thermal improvements as a priority are rare; however, all refurbishment involves some improvement, often incidentally, through improved technology.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630809710175173
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    How colleagues and customers can help improve team performance (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 3 (1997), S. 12-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Suggests that the way performance reviews are carried out is changing. A "case law" of European experiences of 360° feedback is building up and the authors share this with a wider audience to help the reader decide the relevance for their organisation to improve team performance. The article spells out potential problems areas and discusses what to do to overcome them to get the full benefits of this powerful tool. It suggests you should plan the process thoroughly and think carefully how you will handle the introduction. Expect to communicate thoroughly and to respond to concerns. Be clear that line management and the team members must own the process. Follow-up is vital. If these safeguards are followed, the experience of an increasing number of organizations is that 360° feedback is a beneficial tool to improve team performance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527599710171237
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