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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TISSUE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM:A Site of Drug Action? (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 37 (1997), S. 53-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In this review, we present background material that provides partial support for a tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Evidence for the existence of this system relied in part the use of drugs, which has entailed using low doses or concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, renin inhibitors, and angiotensin antagonists to block the RAS in vascular beds and in isolated arteries or organs. Other evidence for a tissue RAS has depended upon measurements of the components of the system, i.e. enzymes, substrates, and mRNAs for these proteins. All of these components were first believed to be present in the heart and blood vessels; however, it is now known that renin in the circulating blood derived from the kidney is used for the local synthesis of angiotensins. The main emphasis of the review is on the renal RAS because it is believed that the local RAS is most prominent in this organ. The renal RAS is probably involved in the long- rather than short-term regulation of renal vascular resistance and maintenance of normal blood pressure through the regulation of sodium reabsorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.37.1.53
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of inductive shielding factors in double-layer structures (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 246-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Our experiments show that multilayer inductive shielding performs better than a monolayer shielding of equivalent thickness. We developed an analytic expression for the shielding factor S of a two-layer inductive shielding, extendible to an arbitrary number of layers. The experimental data, obtained from a reduced scale model, fitted this expression well. We demonstrated that multilayer inductive shielding offers better performance for a better price than a traditional monolayer shielding. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147818
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forming Textured Microstructures via the Gelcasting Technique (1997)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Crystallographically textured samples of iron titanate were produced by gelcasting in the presence of a strong magnetic field. Texture was assessed by measuring X-ray pole figures on samples that were cast in different orientations relative to the applied field. Specimens in this study exhibit fiber-type texture, with the b-axes aligned parallel to the applied field. Peak texture strengths were on the order of 3 and 48 multiples of a random distribution (MRD) when processed in a 3.2 and 8.4 T magnetic field, respectively. This study shows that a combination of gelcasting with magnetic-field-assisted processing provides a convenient method for fabricating samples which can be used to study the role of crystallographic texture on the physical properties of polycrystalline ceramics, e.g., their elastic or fracture behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03184.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forming Single-Phase Laminates via the Gelcasting Technique (1997)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Single–phase laminates of iron titanate were formed by gelcasting in both the presence and absence of a magnetic field to produce alternating layers of textured and nontextured microstructure, respectively. X–ray analysis was performed on each lamina verifying that alignment was maintained throughout processing. Tunnel cracks were found in trilayer laminates (nontextured/textured/nontextured) when the alignment direction was parallel to the interface between layers. The cracks are consistent with a stress profile of residual tension parallel to the interface in the textured layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03213.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DETECTING CILANGES IN THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN GROUND WATER (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 33 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Many studies of ground water pollution in general and nitrate contamination in particular have often relied on a one-time investigation, tracking of individual wells, or aggregate summaries. Studies of changes in spatial distribution of contaminants over time are lacking. This paper presents a method to compare spatial distributions for possible changes over time. The large-scale spatial distribution at a given time can be considered as a surface over the area (a trend surface). The changes in spatial distribution from period to period can be revealed by the differences in the shape and/or height of surfaces. If such a surface is described by a polynomial function, changes in surfaces can be detected by testing statistically for differences in their corresponding polynomial functions. This method was applied to nitrate concentration in a population of wells in an agricultural drainage basin in Iowa, sampled in three different years. For the period of 1981–1992, the large-scale spatial distribution of nitrate concentration did not show significant change in the shape of spatial surfaces; while the magnitude of nitrate concentration in the basin, or height of the computed surfaces showed significant fluctuations. The change in magnitude of nitrate concentration is closely related to climatic variations, especially in precipitation. The lack of change in the shape of spatial surfaces means that either the influence of land use/nitrogen management was overshadowed by climatic influence, or the changes in land use/management occurred in a random fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03547.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Webs of Archived Distributed Computations for Asynchronous Collaboration (1997)
    Springer
    The journal of supercomputing 11 (1997), S. 101-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0484
    Keywords: distributed systems ; archiving ; transactions ; distributed sessions ; global snapshots ; asynchronous collaboration ; world wide web ; infospheres ; components ; composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We identify the mechanisms needed to construct archivable webs of distributed asynchronous collaborations and experiments. The distinguishing feature of our approach is that the component tools, software, data, and even participants are distributed over a worldwide network. We perform a requirements analysis of an infrastructure that supports such applications, and present the Caltech Infospheres Infrastructure as a prototype that satisfies the requirements identified. In describing this prototype, we highlight the useful mechanisms provided, present an algorithm for using the Infospheres Infrastructure to perform asynchronous global snapshots for archiving, and suggest future areas of exploration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007903821879
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel RNA-binding motif in influenza A virus non-structural protein 1 (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural biology 4 (1997), S. 891-895 
    Details
    ISSN: 1072-8368
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir — Influenza virus infection is a major human health problem. In nonpandemic years, influenza infection causes some 10,000–20,000 deaths per year in the United States alone1. In addition, there are countless losses both in productivity and quality of life for people who overcome mild ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsb1197-891
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mouse–Torpedo Chimeric α-Subunit Used to Probe Channel-Gating Determinants on the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Primary Sequence (1997)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 17 (1997), S. 13-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ; chimeric receptor ; Torpedo californica ; ion channel ; channel gating
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. To determine if structural domains are important for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChr) channel function, six mouse–Torpedo chimeric α-subunits were constructed (Fig. 2) and coexpressed with Torpedo californica β-, γ-, and δ-subunits in Xenopus laevis oocytes. 2. nAChRs containing a chimeric α-subunit were examined by voltage- and patch-clamp methods to determine their functional characteristics. Dose–response curves from voltage-clamped oocytes were used to estimate EC50's and Hill coefficients. Whole-cell currents were normalized against the α-bungarotoxin (α-BTX) binding sites to obtain normalized responses to acetylcholine (ACh). Open time constants at 4 μM ACh were used to examine single-channel behavior. 3. The EC50 for ACh was modulated by the N-terminal half of the α-subunit. When the Torpedo subunit sequence between position 1 and position 268 was replaced by mouse sequence, the EC50 shifted toward the value for the wild-type mouse subunit. Replacement of either the 1–159 or the 160–268 positions of the Torpedo sequence with the mouse sequence lowered the EC50. This suggests that at least two regions play a role in determining the EC50. 4. When the primary sequence (160–268) of the Torpedo α-subunit was introduced in the mouse α-subunit (T160–268), the expressed chimeric receptor was nonfunctional. The inverse chimera (M160–268) was functional and the open time constant and EC50 were similar to those of mouse but the normalized response was characteristic of Torpedo. 5. The normalized macroscopic response to ACh (300 μM) of the chimera containing the mouse α-subunit showed a ninefold increase relative to the Torpedo wild type. Receptors which contain the C terminal of the mouse α-subunit also show an increase in the maximum normalized current. Receptors with the α-subunit which contain the Torpedo C-terminal sequence have a lower normalized response. 6. The combined results suggest that AChR channel function is modulated by structural determinants within the primary sequence. These structural domains might modulate channel function through specific allosteric interactions. The lack of response of the T160–268 chimera suggests that a critical interaction essential for the coupling of agonist binding and channel gating was disrupted. This result suggests that the interaction of structural domains within the nAChR primary structure are essential for channel function and that these intractions could be very specific within different nAChR species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026372903352
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pear mutagenesis: In vitro treatment with gamma-rays and field selection for vegetative form traits (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 93 (1997), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: breeding ; in vitro ; mutagenesis ; pear ; selection ; Pyrus communis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In vitro shoots of four pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars, 'Conference', 'Doyenné d'Hiver', 'Passe Crassane' and 'Bartlett', were irradiated with gamma rays (3.5 Gy). Around 1000 microcuttings of each cultivar were treated. After three subcultures, microcuttings from both the irradiated shoots and additional non-irradiated shoots were rooted; plants obtained were used to establish a survey orchard in Ostellato (Ferrara), Italy. For the first 2 years in the field, growth and survival were observed, but no data were collected. Subsequently, field surveys were conducted to characterize the population and identify mutants for vegetative traits. Trees that showed phenotypic evidence of vegetative growth characteristics more desirable than those shown by the overall population and by control plants were selected and measured for three years. Traits used for selection were small tree size, wide branch angle and short internodes. Frequencies of variants with compact habit varied with cultivars from 0.5% to 2.7% of irradiated trees. Effect of mutagenic treatment and efficacy of the selection methods are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002984516192
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance adjustment in RuO2-based thick film strain-gauges by laser irradiation (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1997), S. 1983-1985 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018523709100
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