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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 1676-1686 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper, new experimental results using UV spectroscopy of the small benzene–Arn clusters are presented. We have found evidence for the vibrational predissociation of the S1 state of some of these species on a nanosecond time scale and we propose a new assignment for the UV spectral features of this system. This assignment is consistent with other experimental data and it accounts additionally for the previously reported spectral anomalies, in particular the ionization potential measurements of these species. The two-color R2PI spectra performed can thus be considered as nanosecond pump–probe experiments that allow us to estimate the relaxation rate of the S1state of these clusters. The vibrational relaxation is found to be strongly size and structure dependent: The two isomers [(1/1) and (2/0)] of the n=2 species exhibit different lifetimes differing by at least one order of magnitude. The size dependence of the relaxation process within the one-sided isomer series appears also paradoxical since the relaxation rates of the (3/0) and (4/0) species are found to be smaller than that of the (2/0). These properties are discussed in relationship with the symmetry of these species. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 3866-3871 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In the present work, we describe a new Kelvin probe for dynamical work function change (ΔΦ) measurements in ultrahigh vacuum. The construction of the Kelvin probe is especially optimized to meet the experimental conditions for gas-adsorption experiments as well as for in situfilm growth investigations during metal deposition. This is realized by a new setup which enables a change of the geometrical orientation of the vibrating reference electrode with respect to the sample surface. The Kelvin probe combined with thermal desorption spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy facilities, forms a powerful tool for film growth analysis. The performance of the instrumentation is demonstrated with some representative test experiments for copper deposition on Pt(111). © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 1441-1443 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a new microfabrication technique for the construction of three-dimensional photonic crystals. In particular, we used multiple tilted x-ray lithography exposures in order to construct structures with photonic band gaps in the infrared region. First polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resist layers with a thickness of 500 μm were irradiated, then the holes in the resist structure were filled with preceramic polymer and subsequent pyrolysis converts the preceramic polymer into a SiCN ceramic. Theoretical results with fitted values of the dielectric constant are in good agreement with the transmission measurements. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 104 (1997), S. 81-89 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Confined fluids ; freezing transitions ; colloidal suspensions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The freezing transition of hard sphere colloids confined between two parallel hard plates is studied for different plate distances ranging from one to two particle diameters. Using Monte Carlo simulations and free volume theory, the full phase diagram is obtained exhibiting solid-to-solid transitions between buckled, rhombic and layered crystals involving several triangular or square layers. While the fluid freezing transition is always strongly first order, both strong and extremely weak transitions occur between different crystalline structures. These predictions should be experimentally observable in confined suspensions of sterically stabilized or highly salted charge-stabilized colloidal particles.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 104 (1997), S. 129-131 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polyorganosiloxane ; microgels-colloids ; forced Rayleigh scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We describe the synthesis of microgel spheres of 10 nm radius which are suitable as probes to study diffusion by forced Rayleigh scattering (FRS), a holographic grating technique. Those particles are obtained by a copolycondensation in microemulsion. The main advantage of organosiloxanes compared to purely organic monomers as styrene or methacrylate is the simple chemical functionalization of the particles. A rich choice of silane monomers which may be copolycondensated with the standard monomer trimethoxymethylsilane are commercially available. One of those, chlorobenzyltrimethoxysilane, is used as a coupling agent to attach the photoreactive dye orthonitrostilbene (ONS) to the microgel spheres. All samples are characterized by light scattering, GPC and electron microscopy. In addition, we determined the content of photoreactive dye chemically attached to the spherical particles by UV/visible absorption-spectroscopy. Our nano-particles are redispersible in organic solvents such as toluene or THF up to weight fractions as high as 50 wt%. To prove applicability of the particles as FRS probes we show some preliminary results obtained from FRS measurements of highly concentrated toluene solutions (particle concentration 45–50 wt%).
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 104 (1997), S. 191-193 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Evanescent dynamic light scattering ; colloidal dispersions ; film formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We have applied evanescent dynamic light scattering (DLS) to study the film formation of polymer latex dispersions. A dynamical glass transition is observed. When the particles fuse, the scattering rate decreases. After fusion, a new fast process (τ r 1 ms) is observed, which is not present in bulk DLS data. We attribute the process to discontinuous relaxation of surface induced stresses (transient micro-cracks).
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 104 (1997), S. 177-179 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Hard spherocylinders ; phase transitions ; cell theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A cell theory is proposed to obtain the full phase diagram of hard spherocylinders involving isotropic, nematic, smectic as well as plastic and aligned crystalline phases. Despite its conceptual and numerical simplicity this free-volume theory yields the correct topology of the phase diagram in semi-quantitative agreement with recent computer simulations.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 623 (1997), S. 1945-1953 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Bismutoxideiodides ; totale pressure measurements ; mass spectrometry ; thermodynamic data ; melting diagram ; barogram ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on the System Bi2O3/BiI3The temperature functions of decomposition pressures of the ternary compounds on the quasibinary line Bi2O3/BiI3 were determined by total pressure measurements and mass spectrometry. The barogram of the system was constructed and the melting diagram precised. The enthalpies of formation and the standard entropies of the solid phases were derived from the decomposition functions: (Values see Inhaltsübersicht).
    Notes: Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Zersetzungsdrücke der auf dem quasibinären Schnitt Bi2O3/BiI3 existierenden ternären Verbindungen wurde durch Gesamtdruckmessungen mit dem Membrannullmanometer und dem Massenspektrometer ermittelt. Das Zustandsbarogramm für das System wurde aufgestellt und das Zustandsdiagramm präzisiert. Unter Zugrundelegung der Zersetzungsgleichungen wurden die Standardbildungsenthalpien und Standardentropien der festen ternären Phasen hergeleitet: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} \Delta {\rm H}_{\rm B}^{\rm o} \,({\rm BiOI, f, 298) = - 268,1} \pm {\rm 6,3}\,{\rm kJ}\,{\rm mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \\ {\rm S}^ \circ \,({\rm BiOI, f, 298) = 116,9} \pm {\rm 7,1}\,{\rm J}\,{\rm mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \,{\rm K}^{{\rm - 1}} \\ \Delta {\rm H}_{\rm B}^{\rm o} \,({\rm Bi}_{\rm 4} {\rm O}_{\rm 5} {\rm I}_{\rm 2} {\rm, f, 298) = - 1148,8} \pm 20{\rm,9}\,{\rm kJ}\,{\rm mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \\ {\rm S}^ \circ \,({\rm Bi}_{\rm 4} {\rm O}_{\rm 5} {\rm I}_{\rm 2} {\rm, f, 298) = 367,1} \pm 25{\rm,1}\,{\rm J}\,{\rm mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \,{\rm K}^{{\rm - 1}} \\ \Delta {\rm H}_{\rm B}^{\rm o} \,({\rm Bi}_{\rm 7} {\rm O}_{\rm 9} {\rm I}_{\rm 3} {\rm, f, 298) = - 2022,5} \pm 34{\rm,3}\,{\rm kJ}\,{\rm mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \\ {\rm S}^ \circ \,({\rm Bi}_{\rm 7} {\rm O}_{\rm 9} {\rm I}_{\rm 3} {\rm, f, 298) = 619,8} \pm 41{\rm,0}\,\,{\rm J}\,{\rm mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \,{\rm K}^{{\rm - 1}} \\ \Delta {\rm H}_{\rm B}^{\rm o} \,({\rm Bi}_{\rm 5} {\rm O}_{\rm 7} {\rm I, f, 298) = - 1471,2} \pm 20{\rm,1}\,{\rm kJ}\,{\rm mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \\ {\rm S}^ \circ \,({\rm Bi}_{\rm 5} {\rm O}_{\rm 7} {\rm I, f, 298) = 385,3} \pm 24{\rm,3}\,{\rm J}\,{\rm mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \,{\rm K}^{{\rm - 1}} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document}.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
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