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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic orbit determination and gravity field model improvement from GPS, DORIS and Laser measurements on TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 71 (1997), S. 160-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Summary. In the framework of the GRIM series of gravity field models, the CNES/GRGS GINS precise orbit determination software has been adapted to dynamic GPS data processing. That is simultaneous processing of all available observables (i.e. GPS, DORIS, Laser) and all available satellite orbits (i.e. GPS, TOPEX/POSEIDON) can now be performed. The TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) mission satellite is equipped with a GPS receiver, a DORIS receiver and a laser reflector that represents an unprecedented opportunity to compare and combine these three tracking systems to estimate orbital parameters and gravity field coefficients. Different combinations including : GPS + DORIS, DORIS + LASER, GPS + DORIS + LASER, have been tested and have shown small but systematic improvement in T/P orbit accuracy when GPS and DORIS data were processed simultaneously. Five tuned gravity field models have been generated by accumulating different combinations of T/P normal equations associated to the GPS, DORIS and Laser data. GPS data have a greater dynamic impact on gravity field spherical harmonics coefficient determination than DORIS and Laser data. Furthermore, the results obtained with the solutions including and T/P normal equations suggest that indeed these different tracking systems are somehow complementary in a dynamic sense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001900050084
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of ibuprofen versus aspirin and paracetamol on efficacy and comfort in children with fever (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 51 (1997), S. 367-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Ibuprofen ; Fever ; Paracetamol ; Aspirin ; Child ; Comfort
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: We compared efficacy and impact on the comfort of ibuprofen (7.5 mg/kg per dose), aspirin (10 mg/kg/dose) and paracetamol (10 mg/kg per dose) on children with fever aged 6–24 months in an open, randomised study with three parallel groups. Methods: The main criterion for efficacy was area under the curve (AUC) of percentage temperature reduction. Comfort was assessed on scores depending on general behaviour and degree of relief. General behaviour was assessed on a verbal scale and on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the degree of relief was assessed in relation to baseline on a verbal scale. Results: The efficacy of ibuprofen was better than that of aspirin or paracetamol. In spite of more adverse events, the comfort scores were significantly in favour of ibuprofen 6 h after the first dose of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050215
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implication of neutral polysaccharides associated to alginate in inhibition of murine macrophage response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 147 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: There is evidence that exopolysaccharides (EPS) contribute to the persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis lung. However, the relationship between the chemical composition of EPS and the modulation of phagocytic cells is poorly understood. In order to evaluate the role of the chemical composition of EPS in macrophage behavior changes, we pretreated macrophages with characterized EPS and assessed P. aeruginosa phagocytosis and reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production. The results showed that alginate and neutral polysaccharides are involved in phagocytic impairment of P. aeruginosa. Moreover, alginates were able to prime macrophages for increased P. aeruginosa-induced macrophage oxidative burst as determined by chemiluminescence. In contrast, neutral polysaccharides are responsible for the decrease of ROI by a scavenging effect evaluated by the xanthine–xanthine oxidase system. This study showed that the content of P. aeruginosa EPS in alginate, but also in neutral polysaccharides, influences the behavior of strains towards phagocytosis and macrophage oxidative burst.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10241.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of a liquid-metal layer between gas streams with and without a magnetic field (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 9 (1997), S. 3707-3717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The linear stability of a plane liquid sheet of metal flowing between parallel gas streams having different velocities is considered. The presence of a magnetic field only slightly modifies the neutral stability curves obtained in the hydrodynamic regime where Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities are the dominant mechanism in the destabilization of the sheet. The most unstable wavelength is found to scale with We−1 where We is the Weber number. As expected, the growth rate of the instabilities is decreased when a transverse magnetic field is applied. However, the growth rate is increased when the applied magnetic field is parallel to the direction of the velocities. A possible explanation of this unusual phenomenon is presented. In an experimental air-blast atomizer with water and nitrogen, particle size and velocity measurements have been made with a laser-doppler analyzer. The results agree with the theoretical predictions for zero magnetic flux density and are also consistent with predictions based on a more global breakup mechanism. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869508
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission of L. infantum by blood donors (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 3 (1997), S. 368-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor — The possible transmission of Leishmania via blood transfusion was raised by the World Health Organization in 1990. We screen blood from donors to the Monaco Blood Bank who live in areas endemic for L. infantum, checking for potential asymptomatic Leishmania carriers and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0497-368
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geochemistry Neon signs mark Australian plume (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 388 (1997), S. 127-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Mantle plumes are among the most spectacular processes that generate magmas at the surface of the Earth. They are giant upwellings of hot material from deep in the mantle, probably from below the convective mantle region that drives plate tectonics. Plumes produce long volcanic chains, such as the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/388127a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-wavelength global gravity field models: GRIM4-S4, GRIM4-C4 (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 71 (1997), S. 189-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Summary.  GFZ Potsdam and GRGS Toulouse/Grasse jointly developed a new pair of global models of the Earth's gravity field to satisfy the requirements of the recent and future geodetic and altimeter satellite missions. A precise gravity model is a prerequisite for precise satellite orbit restitution, tracking station positioning and altimeter data reduction. According to different applications envisaged, the new model exists in two parallel versions: the first one being derived exclusively from satellite tracking data acquired on 34 satellites, the second one further incorporating satellite altimeter data over the oceans and terrestrial gravity data. The most recent “satellite-only” gravity model is labelled GRIM4-S4 and the “combined” gravity model GRIM4-C4. The models are solutions in spherical harmonics and have a resolution up to degree and order 60 plus a few resonance terms in the case of GRIM4-S4, and up to degree/order 72 in the case of GRIM4-C4, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 555 km at the Earth's surface. The gravitational coefficients were estimated in a rigorous least squares adjustment simultaneously with ocean tidal terms and tracking station position parameters, so that each gravity model is associated with a consistent ocean tide model and a terrestrial reference frame built up by over 300 optical, laser and Doppler tracking stations. Comprehensive quality tests with external data and models, and test arc computations over a wide range of satellites have demonstrated the state-of-the-art capabilities of both solutions in long-wavelength geoid representation and in precise orbit computation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001900050087
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved Screening of cDNAs Generated by mRNA Differential Display Enables the Selection of True Positives and the Isolation of Weakly Expressed Messages (1997)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 15 (1997), S. 236-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Keywords: Differential display ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Ethylene-responsive ; Low abundance mRNAs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The high percentage of false positives generated by differential display (as high as 85%) has previously limited the potential of the method. This report describes an efficient methodology that enables false positives to be discarded prior to cloning, via reverse Northern analysis. This first step of the screening also allows the detection of putative low abundance differential clones. Following cloning, a second reverse Northern combined with partial DNA sequencing and RT-PCR detection allows isolation of all differential cDNAs including very low abundance clones. Use of the sequential screening procedure described here led to the isolation of novel tomato genes responding to the plant hormone ethylene while minimising labor and materials input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007482318668
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Er5, a tomato cDNA encoding an ethylene-responsive LEA-like protein: characterization and expression in response to drought, ABA and wounding (1997)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 35 (1997), S. 847-854 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: differential display ; drought stress ; ethylene inducible ; LEA protein ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; RT-PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report the isolation by differential display of a novel tomato ethylene-responsive cDNA, designated ER5. RT-PCR analysis of ER5 expression revealed an early (15 min) and transient induction by ethylene in tomato fruit, leaves and roots. ER5 mRNA accumulated during 2 h of ethylene treatment and thereafter underwent a dramatic decline leading to undetectable expression after 5 h of treatment. The full-length cDNA clone of 748 bp was obtained and DNA sequence analysis showed strong homologies to members of the atypical hydrophobic group of the LEA protein family. The predicted amino acid sequence shows 67%, 64%, 64%, and 61% sequence identity with the tomato Lemmi9, soybean D95-4, cotton Lea14-A, and resurrection plant pcC27-45 gene products, respectively. As with the other members of this group, ER5 encodes a predominantly hydrophobic protein. Prolonged drought stress stimulates ER5 expression in leaves and roots, while ABA induction of this ethylene-responsive clone is confined to the leaves. The use of 1-MCP, an inhibitor of ethylene action, indicates that the drought induction of ER5 is ethylene-mediated in tomato roots. Finally, wounding stimulates ER5 mRNA accumulation in leaves and roots. Among the Lea gene family this novel clone is the first to display an ethylene-regulated expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005860302313
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periphyton distribution and abundance on substrata of different size along a gradient of stream trophy de Montréal (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 354 (1997), S. 101-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: streams ; periphyton ; substratum size ; trophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In stream, substrata of different size present different degree ofstability, current, erosion, and deposition to colonizingorganisms. In this study, we tested the importance of substratumsize ranging from sand to small boulders for periphytondistribution and abundance. Because trophy strongly affect streamorganisms, we sampled at nine sites chosen to represent the rangeof nutrients typical of Eastern Ontario and Western Québec. Alarge part of the variability in algal biomass (as chlorophyll)among sites was explained by trophy (as seston or totalphosphorus). However, there was also an effect of substratum size.Cobbles had the highest biomass, and gravel the lowest; sand andboulders were intermediate. Assemblages on different substrata weredifferent in taxonomy and life forms. Cyanobacterial colonies andmotile diatoms dominated the finer substrata while adnate andfilamentous algae were more developed on the larger ones.Consequently periphyton on fine sediments was more loosely attachedthan on rocks. Average algal size was not related to substratumsize but increased significantly with trophy confirmingobservations in benthic and planktonic assemblages inlakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003027927600
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