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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of the yeast vacuolar aminopeptidase Y gene (APY1) expression (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 139 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The steady-state levels of the aminopeptidase Y (APY1) transcript and the levels of assayable aminopeptidase Y activity were measured under a variety of nutritional conditions. Specific APY1 mRNA is less abundant in cells grown in minimal medium than in cells grown in rich medium, while active enzyme levels follow just the opposite pattern. Aminopeptidase Y activity decreases when cells are deprived of glucose without a concomitant fall in mRNA levels. Production of aminopeptidase Y is not markedly affected by nitrogen regulation. APY1 gene expression is not disturbed in heat-shocked cells. Our data support the idea that the main control event in vacuolar aminopeptidase Y expression is a post-transcriptional step.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08191.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulating shear flow (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 5956-5963 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the present article, we have analyzed to which extent the steady states produced in simulations of fluids undergoing shear flow, can truly be representations of experimental steady states. For this purpose, we have performed nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations of two different fluid systems undergoing shear flow. One system is a Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid where the viscous heat produced by shearing the system is eliminated only in certain regions of the simulation box. The other system is a polymer immersed in an atomic solvent. In this case, the viscous heat was removed by coupling a homogeneous thermostat to different degrees of freedom in the system. The results of these simulations show that at the shear rates commonly produced in simulation, the rate of production of viscous heat is very large. This heat is eliminated by the thermostat at rates that are higher than the rates of transport of heat across the fluid. Moreover, the heat has no time to redistribute into the different degrees of freedom of the system, and different steady states are reached depending on to which degrees of freedom the thermostat is coupled. As a conclusion of this investigation we believe that the efforts of simulating fluids undergoing shear flow should be directed to simulate lower shear rates. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471327
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-Term or Short-Term Managerial Incentive Contracts (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper deals with the strategic role of the temporal dimension of contracts in a duopoly market. Is it better for a firm to sign long-term incentive contracts with managers or short-term contracts? For the linear case, with strategic substitutes (complements) in the product market, the incentive variables are also strategic substitutes (complements). It is shown that a long-term contract makes a firm a leader in incentives, while a short-term contract makes it a follower. We find that, under Bertrand competition, in equilibrium one firm signs a long-term contract and the other firm short-term incentive contracts; however, under Cournot competition, the dominant strategy is to sign long-term incentive contracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00343.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial plankton across Drake Passage (1996)
    Springer
    Polar biology 16 (1996), S. 613-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We determined biomass and activity of microbial plankton across the Polar Front (PF) in Drake Passage during January 1994. Temperature was around 0°C south and between 3 and 5°C north of the PF. Both biomass and activities of microorganisms were significantly lower in the Antarctic waters south of the PF than in the sub-Antarctic waters north of it. Thus, values of chlorophyll a, integrated between 0 and 200 m, reached 150 mgm−2 north, but only 25 mg m−2 south of the PF. Likewise, bacteria varied between 1014 and 4×1013 cells m−2. However, the abundance of heterotrophic nanoflagellates was extremely low throughout Drake Passage (around 3×1010 cells m−2). Bacterial doubling times were long (mean of 25 days). Bacterivory was estimated from the abundance of predators and prey and from temperature. The grazing impact on bacterioplankton biomass was insignificant (less that 0.05% per day) and low on bacterial heterotrophic production (15% per day). Neither biomass nor the activities of microorganisms were found to increase at the PF. The microbial food web was uncoupled and the bacteria did not seem to be controlled by predation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02329059
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial plankton across Drake Passage (1996)
    Springer
    Polar biology 16 (1996), S. 613-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We determined biomass and activity of microbial plankton across the Polar Front (PF) in Drake Passage during January 1994. Temperature was around 0°C south and between 3 and 5°C north of the PF. Both biomass and activities of microorganisms were significantly lower in the Antarctic waters south of the PF than in the sub-Antarctic waters north of it. Thus, values of chlorophyll a, integrated between 0 and 200 m, reached 150 mg m-2 north, but only 25 mg m-2 south of the PF. Likewise, bacteria varied between 1014 and 4×1013 cells m-2. However, the abundance of heterotrophic nanoflagellates was extremely low throughout Drake Passage (around 3×1010 cells m-2). Bacterial doubling times were long (mean of 25 days). Bacterivory was estimated from the abundance of predators and prey and from temperature. The grazing impact on bacterioplankton biomass was insignificant (less that 0.05% per day) and low on bacterial heterotrophic production (15% per day). Neither biomass nor the activities of microorganisms were found to increase at the PF. The microbial food web was uncoupled and the bacteria did not seem to be controlled by predation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050096
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial expression of an active class Ib chitinase from Castanea sativa cotyledons (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 32 (1996), S. 1171-1176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: antifungal protein ; Castanea sativa ; chitinase ; seed defence protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ch3, an endochitinase of 32 kDa present in Castanea sativa cotyledons, showed in vitro antifungal properties when assayed against Trichoderma viride. The characterization of a cDNA clone corresponding to this protein indicated that Ch3 is a class Ib endochitinase that is synthesized as a preprotein with a signal sequence preceding the mature polypeptide. Bacterial expression of mature Ch3 fused to the leader peptide of the periplasmic protein ompT resulted in active Ch3 enzyme. A plate assay was adapted for semi-quantitative determination of chitinase activity secreted from cultured bacteria, which should facilitate the identification of mutants with altered capacity to hydrolyse chitin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041402
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A calibration model to overcome non-spectral interferences in flame atomic absorption spectrometry (1996)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 124 (1996), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: FAAS ; calibration ; standard addition ; matrix effects ; Fe determination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A calibration model has been developed in order to overcome matrix effects in atomic absorption measurements. The model uses two independent variables for analyte quantification (the amount of the sample and the amount of analyte added). The dependent variable is the absorbance measured. The method also allows matrix interferences to be controlled without prior knowledge of matrix composition. The method is applied to iron determination by FAAS in the presence of large amounts of copper. Direct calibration and standard addition are also performed in order to compare them with the new empirical model. Results show that the error in iron determination could be −42% when direct calibration is applied and +10% when the standard addition method is used, whereas the proposed model decreases the error to −20%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244951
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enantioselective synthesis of highly functionalized 4-piperidones by the asymmetric imino-diels-alder reaction of chiral 2-amino-1,3-butadienesAbbreviations used in this article: NaHMDS: sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)-amide; TMS: trimethylsilyl; MOM: methoxymethyl; TBDMS: tert-butyldimethylsilyl; 3-Fu: 3-furyl; p-MeOPh: 4-methoxyphenyl; o-BrPh: 2-bromophenyl; p-BrC6H4CO: 4-bromobenzoyl; (R)-MPTA: (R)-α-methoxy-α-Phenyl-α-trifluoromethylacetyl. (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 2 (1996), S. 805-811 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions ; butadienes ; Diels-Alder reactions ; piperidones ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chiral 2-amino-1,3-butadienes 1 derived from commercially available (S)-2-methoxymethylpyrrolidine react with aromatic N-trimethylsilylaldimines and N-phenylaldimines in the presence of ZnCl2 to give, after the reaction workup, 4-piperidones 4 and 6, respectively, with moderate to very high enantiomeric excesses. In addition, the absolute configurations of derivatives of 4 a and 4 g were determined by circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopy on the Mosher ester, respectively.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.1460020710
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of intrinsic reaction constants of resonance, field/inductive and polarizability effects through molecular structures subject to protonation (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 9 (1996), S. 87-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This paper reports a theoretical approach based on ab initio calculations for the evaluation of intrinsic reaction constants of resonance, field/inductive and polarizability effects of compounds subject to protonation. Field/inductive and polarizability constants can be evaluated from direct relationships between δΔEp and intrinsic contributions of the substituent. On the other hand, resonance constants should be estimated from relationships between the proton charge in the protonated molecular form and the intrinsic contributions of the substituent. It is also shown that during a protonation process the change in π charge of the carbon atom that is to bear the substituent should be the most suitable index for determining the π-electron demand of the structure concerned.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Generalized Solvent Basicity Scale: The Solvatochromism of 5-Nitroindoline and Its Homomorph 1-Methyl-5-nitroindoline (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1996 (1996), S. 1785-1794 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Solvent basicity scale ; Solvent effects ; Solvatochromism ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A total of 202 organic solvents and the gas phase were placed on a solvent basicity scale for hydrogen bond acceptor based on parameter SB. The value of such a parameter can readily be determined from the UV/Vis spectrum for an appropriate acid probe (5-nitroindoline) (NI) and its non-acid homomorph (1-methyl-5-nitroindoline) (MNI). The proposed scale can advantageously substitute the more widely used solvent scales such as Gutmann's donor number (DN), the Koppel-Palm B(MeOD) scale, and the Taft-Kamlet β scale. While data for the proposed scale are derived only from electronic transitions, they are accurately descriptive of solvent basicity in both spectroscopy (UV/Vis, IR and NMR) and miscellaneous chemical areas (thermodynamic, kinetics, and electrochemistry).
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199619961112
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