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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mound-building termites and soil microbial biomass: An interaction influencing termite abundance (1996)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 43 (1996), S. 427-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Mound-building termites ; soil microbial biomass ; Australia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Termites are more abundant in the warmer lower latitudinal regions of the earth. Within these broad geographic regions, however, the precise nature of the factors influencing termite abundance is poorly understood. In this paper I have examined the abundance of detritivorous, mound-building termites and certain aspects of the climate, soils and vegetation at 14 sites in tropical northeastern Australia. No relationship between termite mound density and the particle-size characteristics of surface soil horizons, plant available phosphorous or rainfall was found. Microbial biomass carbon level of the surface soil was found to have a strong negative relationship with termite mound numbers. The negative interaction between the soil microbial population and termites may be due to the limiting effect of the organic matter processing capacity of the soil microbial population on the success of termites in occupying the decomposer niche in any particular area. Microbial biomass may therefore be a major factor influencing termite abundance in tropical Australian landscapes and elsewhere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258415
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Price rigidities and institutional variations in markets with posted prices (1996)
    Springer
    Economic theory 9 (1996), S. 63-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0479
    Keywords: JEL Classification Numbers: C9 ;  L1.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Summary. Standard laboratory posted-offer markets respond slowly and incompletely to demand shocks. In these one-sided markets, where sellers control the setting of prices, very little information is transmitted via the process of exchange. For this reason, traders have trouble distinguishing randomness in their own experience from changes in market fundamentals. This paper reports the results of twelve laboratory markets conducted to assess whether some common variants to standard posted-offer rules can correct the adjustment deficiences. Although discounting, multiple postings and excess demand information all improve performance, we find that response remains poor, and efficiencies low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213443
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adiabatic transformability hypothesis of human locomotion (1996)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 74 (1996), S. 107-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is hypothesized that metabolic and mechanical changes in human locomotion associated with changes in speed v are constrained by two attractive strategies: $$Q_{{\text{metab}}} = 1{\text{ and }}\Delta Q_{{\text{metab}}} /\Delta v = {\text{a}}$$ positive definite constant. $$Q_{{\text{metab}}} = \Delta {\rm E}_{\text{k}} {\text{s}}^{{\text{ - 1}}} /{\text{ml O}}_{\text{2}} {\text{s}}^{{\text{ - 1}}} $$ where ΔEs−1 is the summed increments and decrements per unit time in the translational and rotational kinetic energies of the body's segments and ml O2s−1 is the rate at which chemical energy is dissipated. The expected constancy of ΔQ metab/Δv metab was derived from an extension of Ehrenfest's adiabatic hypothesis by which transformations (increases, decreases) in locomotion v can be considered as adiabatic, even though the biological conditions are nonconservative and non-rate-limited. The expected significance of Q metab=1 was derived from stability considerations of the symmetry per stride of stored and dissipated energy. An experimental evaluation was provided by collecting metabolic and mechanical measures on walking (10 subjects) and running (9 subjects) at progressively greater treadmill speeds but within the aerobic limit. Results revealed that walking was restricted to ometab ⩽ 1 with a nonlinear trajectory in v×Q metab coordinates shaped by Q metab=1 (primarily) and the constancy of ΔQ metab/Δv. Running satisfied Q metab 〉 1, with a linear trajectory in v×Q metab coordinates conforming to ΔQ metab/Δv=a constant, with the constant predicted from invariants in the mechanical space v×ΔE ks−1. Results also suggested that the metabolic costs of running might be predictable from measures made in the v×ΔE ks−1 space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204199
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of Phosphorous and Arsenic on the Fracture Behaviour of a 2,25% Cr - 1% Mo Steel (1996)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 207-209 (Feb. 1996), p. 645-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/01/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.207-209.645.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic analysis of tnpR. genes in mercury resistant soil bacteria: the relationship between DNA sequencing and RFLP typing approaches (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 144 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The diversity of resolvase (tnpR) genes carried by a number of mercury resistant soil bacteria has been investigated by DNA sequencing. The resulting DNA sequence information was compared to previously published tnpR. DNA sequences and to previously published restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) data, permitting the relationships between DNA sequencing and RFLP approaches to be studied by the use of phylogenetic trees. DNA maximum likelihood and DNA parsimony were used to construct a variety of phylogenetic trees. DNA sequencing confirmed the validity of RFLP analysis and highlighted the importance of restriction endonuclease choice upon the resulting RFLP patterns and dendrogram topology. The tnpR genes of two previously uncharacterised mercury resistant bacteria, T2–7 and T2–12 were also studied. DNA sequence data placed T2–7 in a previously described gene class, tnpR-D and T2–12 in a new gene class, tnpR-F. The significance of this data with respect to the recombination and evolution events occurring within bacterial populations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08514.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radar observation of storms (1996)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Environmental management and health 7 (1996), S. 16-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0956-6163
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Economics
    Notes: Radar can provide valuable information on the spatial distribution of rainfall, but is not as yet able to provide accurate quantitative information on rainfall rate. Describes research on the use of polarization towards improving the radar monitoring of storms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09566169610112962
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EQUILIBRIUM AND TRANSIENT GLOBAL WARMING SCENARIO IMPLICATIONS FOR WATER RESOURCES IN WALES (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 32 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A methodology has been developed to predict the responses of a range of water supply sources in Wales to global warming scenarios. Hydrologically effective rainfall is predicted from temperature and precipitation for each season based on site specific formulae developed using the Meteorological Office Rainfall and Evaporation Calculation System (MORECS) and UK Surface Water Archive databases. Comparisons are then made between the effects predicted for the scenarios established from equilibrium simulations and the new Hadley Centre High Resolution Model (UKHI) transient mode results. Though very different, both suggest increased stress on water resources late in the hydrological year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb03468.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distributed deformation in the subducting lithosphere at Tonga (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 127 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: In this paper we attempt to apply techniques that have recently been developed to describe distributed deformation on the continents to distributed deformation in subducting lithosphere slabs. We chose a part of the Tonga slab for this study because it has a simple, approximately planar, shape and high seismicity. We then used the spatial distribution of seismic strain rates, based on earthquake centroid-moment-tensor solutions in the interval 1977-1994, to recover a velocity field that describes the seismic deformation in the plane of the slab below a depth of 100 km. Between 100 and ˜450 km depth the seismic deformation is dominated by down-dip shortening and slab thickening. Below ˜450 km the down-dip shortening seen in the earthquakes is still important, but it is absorbed roughly equally by along-strike extension and by thickening. There is little evidence of along-strike shear at depth. We have more confidence in the pattern of strain rates and velocities that we obtain than in their absolute values. Nevertheless, the rates of down-dip shortening accounted for by seismicity are probably less than half those needed if the whole down-dip component of Pacific-Australia plate convergence is absorbed by shortening in the upper mantle. The style of deformation at the base of the slab is complex and, unlike many regions of distributed continental tectonics, is not easily represented by simple patterns of faulting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb04723.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological mechanisms for the rapid growth of Pennisetum clandestinum in Mediterranean climates (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 36 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst ex Chiov. (kikuyugrass) is a C4 grass that has become an invasive weed in temperate climates. We examined ecophysiological mechanisms that have allowed it to become a successful weed in these locations by comparing P. clandestinum and two other common turigrass species, Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (tall fescue cv. Mojave), a C3 cool-season grass, and Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze (St. Augustinegrass), a C4 warm-season grass, grown in a warm or cool growth regime. We measured rates of photosynthesis over a range of leaf temperatures and also measured growth rate parameters of these species. At leaf temperatures between 25^C and 40^C P. clandestinum maintained the highest rates of photosynthesis in both temperature regimes. Under warm temperatures, this species rapidly increased biomass and leaf area to a greater extent than either of the other two grasses. Theoretical whole plant photosynthesis (mean leaf area × mean photosynthetic rate) was higher for P. clandestinum than for the other two species in both growth regimes and over most leaf temperatures. Our results suggest that P. clandestinum is a successful weed in Mediterranean climates as a result of its capacity to photosynthesize over the full range of temperatures found in those climates, its rapid growth during warm weather and its apparent tolerance to moderately cool temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1996.tb01651.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamics of ultrasonically levitated drops in an electric field (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 8 (1996), S. 43-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ultrasonic and electrostatic levitation techniques have allowed the experimental investigation of the nonlinear oscillatory dynamics of free droplets with diameter between 0.1 and 0.4 cm. The measurement of the resonance frequencies of the first three normal modes of large amplitude shape oscillations in an electric field of varying magnitude has been carried out with and without surface charges for weakly conducting liquids in air. These oscillations of nonspherical levitated drops have been driven by either modulating the ultrasonic field or by using a time-varying electric field, and the free decay from the oscillatory state has been recorded. A decrease in the resonance frequency of the driven fundamental quadrupole mode has been measured for increasing oblate deformation in the absence of an electric field. Similarly, a decrease in this frequency has also been found for increasing DC electric field magnitude. A soft nonlinearity exists in the amplitude dependence of the resonant mode frequencies for freely decaying as well as ultrasonically and electrically driven uncharged drops. This decrease in resonance frequency is accentuated by the presence of free surface charge on the drop. Subharmonic resonance excitation has been observed for drops in a time-varying electric field, and hysteresis exists for resonant modes driven to large amplitude. Mode coupling from lower-order resonances to higher-order modes has been found to be very weak, even for fairly large amplitude shape oscillations. Most of these results are in general agreement with predictions from recent analytical and numerical investigations. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868813
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