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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoacoustic investigation of resonance absorption on corrugated surfaces (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.20. — e ; 41.20. — q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The PhotoAcoustic (PA) method has been used to study the optical resonance absorptions on corrugated surfaces. The resonance absorptions due to the excitations of surface plasmons and guide-waves of corrugated surfaces have been measured experimentally, and the effects of the groove depth and period of the corrugated surface on the absorption curve have been observed. Moreover, the differential method based on the rigorous use of electromagnetic theory is used to calculate the parameters of the grooves and the optical absorptivities of the samples. The theoretical results on the resonance absorption peaks are in good agreement with those of the PA experiments. Then, the parameters of the grooves can be estimated by the PA investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575092
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stresses, curvatures, and shape changes arising from patterned lines on silicon wafers (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 1388-1398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experimental and numerical results are presented on the evolution of stresses and the accompanying changes in the overall curvatures due to the patterning of silicon oxide lines on silicon wafers and subsequent thermal loading. The finite element analysis involves a generalized plane strain formulation, which is capable of predicting the wafer curvatures in directions parallel and perpendicular to the lines, for both the patterning and thermal cycling operations. The predictions compare reasonably well with systematic curvature measurements for several different geometrical combinations of the thickness, width and spacing of the patterned lines. The non-uniform stress fields within the fine lines and the substrate are also analyzed. It is shown both experimentally and theoretically that certain geometries of patterned lines on the substrate induce dramatic shape changes and reversals of curvature in the direction perpendicular to the lines. The mechanistic origin of this effect is identified to be the Poisson effect arising from the anisotropic strain coupling in the patterned structure. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362938
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magneto-optic observation of anomalous Meissner current flow in superconducting thin films with slits (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 3590-3592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Slits patterned into a YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin film were observed to obstruct Meissner sheet currents leading to an imbalance in the local Meissner screening properties. The new phenomenon was studied with magneto-optic imaging where twin lobes of opposite flux polarity were seen to form near the slits and inside the Meissner region. The lobe closest to the sample edge is always polarized opposite to the applied field. At weak fields, the anomalous flux generation is reversible. At higher fields, but still sufficiently small to keep the vortex penetration front away from the slits, the anomalous current starts nucleating flux lines which become trapped when the field is removed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117216
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integrated YBa2Cu3O7−x magnetometer for biomagnetic measurements (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 1421-1423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An integrated dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer has been fabricated using a YBa2Cu3O7−x–SrTiO3–YBa2Cu3O7−x multilayer process. The magnetometer consists of a 8.3 mm×8.6 mm pickup coil coupled inductively to a small washer-type SQUID with 9 Ω bicrystal junctions via an integrated 101/2-turn input coil. Using simple direct-coupled read-out electronics with additional positive feedback, a noise level of 9.7 fT/(square root of)Hz at 1 kHz and 53 fT/(square root of)Hz at 1 Hz was measured inside a magnetically shielded room. Due to the low noise level biomagnetic heart and brain signals with high quality and the very weak signals of the peripheral nerve system were recorded. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116100
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and gas-sensing properties of nanometre tin oxide prepared by PECVD (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1996), S. 279-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A low-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) technique has been employed to produce ultrafine tin oxide powders. The structural features and phase transition of this material have been characterized using differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The oxygen absorption behaviour and gassensing properties have been investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrical measurements. Thick film gas sensors made from such ultrafine SnO2 powders yield better sensitivities than those of normal undoped SnO2 gas sensors. A gas-sensing reaction mechanism is also proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188955
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Packed capillary column supercritical fluid chromatography of fat-soluble vitamins using liquid crystal polysiloxane coated particles (1996)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 43 (1996), S. 53-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Packed capillary columns ; Liquid crystalline polysiloxane ; Polymer encapsulated particles ; Vitamins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Liquid crystal polysiloxane stationary phases were prepared by coating two different polymers on deactivated porous silica particles (10 μm diameter, 80 Å pores). Deactivation of the silica particles before coating was necessary to prepare highly efficient and inert stationary phases for supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). Fat-soluble vitamins E, A, K1, K2, D2, and D3 were separated on these columns using neat supercritical CO2 as mobile phase. The analyses were completed within 40 min at 70 °C. The results were compared to those obtained using a capillary column packed with less ordered liquid crystalm,m-cyanobiphenyl-substituted polysiloxane coated particles. Reduced shape selectivity was observed with this cyanobiphenyl phase. The response factors of vitamins A, E, K1, K2, D2, and D3 when using the flame ionization detector (FID) were determined to be very similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02272821
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    End-functionalized polyethylene oxide coated silica particles for packed capillary column supercritical fluid chromatography (1996)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 43 (1996), S. 373-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Packed capillary columns ; Polyethylene oxide coated phases ; Polymer encapsulated particles ; Amines and acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based polymers with hydroxy, methoxy, and aminopropoxy terminal groups were coated on diol functionalized and hexamethyldisilazane end-capped silica particles. Proton-donor and proton-acceptor test solutes, including carboxylic acids, hydroxy-containing compounds, arylamines, and alkylamines were used to evaluate the chromatographic performances of these polymer coated particles under SFC conditions with neat CO2 as mobile phase. It was found that the particles coated with hydroxy-terminated PEO were suitable for the separation of proton-donor compounds such as hydroxy-containing compounds and carboxylic acids, and the particles coated with aminopropoxy-terminated PEO could be used for the separation of amines. That is, the proton-accepting stationary phase is suitable for the separation of proton accepting solutes, including strong basic alkylamines (pKb≈4), using neat CO2 as mobile phase, while the protondonating stationary phase is suitable for the separation of proton-donating compounds such as carboxylic acids (pKa≈4). Hydrogen bond basicity was found to be a critical factor for the chromatography of basic amines. Low volatility acidic and basic drugs were chromatographed using the new stationary phases. The stability of the PEO coated particles was determined by measuring the loss of organic carbon under SFC conditions. It was found that approximately 18 % of the coating (average molecular weight of 15,000) was washed out of the particles by supercritical CO2 after 7 h at 350 atm and 50°C
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02271014
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoacoustic investigation of resonance absorption on corrugated surfaces (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 78.20. ; e; 41.20. ; q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  The PhotoAcoustic (PA) method has been used to study the optical resonance absorptions on corrugated surfaces. The resonance absorptions due to the excitations of surface plasmons and guide-waves of corrugated surfaces have been measured experimentally, and the effects of the groove depth and period of the corrugated surface on the absorption curve have been observed. Moreover, the differential method based on the rigorous use of electromagnetic theory is used to calculate the parameters of the grooves and the optical absorptivities of the samples. The theoretical results on the resonance absorption peaks are in good agreement with those of the PA experiments. Then, the parameters of the grooves can be estimated by the PA investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575092
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The first measurement of an absolute surface concentration of reaction intermediates in ethylene hydrogenation (1996)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 40 (1996), S. 143-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: absolute surface intermediate concentration ; ethylene hydrogenation ; reaction intermediates in catalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The first measurement of a turnover rate with respect to surface intermediate concentration in a high pressure heterogeneous catalytic reaction is reported. By using infrared-visible sum frequency generation to study the hydrogenation of ethylene on Pt(111), it was found that the surface concentration of π-bonded ethylene, the key reaction intermediate, represented approximately 4% of a monolayer. Thus the absolute turnover rate per surface adsorbed ethylene molecule is 25 times faster than the rate measured per platinum atom. To explain these results, we propose a model of weakly adsorbed ethylene intermediates reacting on atop sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00815274
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The taxonomic characterisation of annual Beta germplasm in a genetic resources collection using RAPD markers (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 91 (1996), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Beta ; genetic resources ; RAPD ; annual beets ; molecular marker ; polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Annual beets in the genus Beta section Beta represent an important genetic resource. Representative accessions of annual beets from a beet germplasm collection were analysed using RAPD to assess the patterns of variation and relationships among them. Using arbitrary primers, markers showing variation across accessions were identified. A dendrogram of similarity was produced using these molecular markers. All the accessions analysed were classified into three major groups corresponding to species or subspecies macrocarpa, adanensis and maritima. Macrocarpa was shown to be the most divergent group in this section. Using RAPD molecular markers, it was possible to ascribe an accession to one of three taxonomic groups and overcome much of the confusion encountered when morphological traits are used for identification. The group of maritima was found to be more polymorphic than either the group of macrocarpa or adanensis at both accession and subspecies levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021071
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