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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (206)
  • SPACE VEHICLES
  • 1990-1994  (206)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1965-1969
  • 1993  (206)
  • 1
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    STARDUST - A simulation experiment of cosmic dust analogues production in microgravity conditions (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The condensation of solid materials from the vapor phase is important in several scientific fields such as chemical vapor deposition, air pollution and the formation of refractory cosmic dust around stars. Conventional studies of refractory grain formation, using high temperature furnace and shock tube techniques, are restricted to short time scales and suffer from buoyancy induced convection that limit their accuracy. In order to simulate more accurately the condensation of refractory grains near stars and to investigate the advantages of performing condensation studies in microgravity conditions, an experimental investigation was undertaken. This work reports the experimental equipment currently used. The results from the first flight series and particle aggregation modelling efforts are presented briefly.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Microgravity Science and Technology (ISSN 0938-0108); 6; 2; p. 123-130.
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  • 2
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    Diamond thermoluminescence properties of different chondrites (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: It was found that thermoluminescence (TL) glows of diamonds depend on the origin of diamonds and the chondrite metamorphism degree. The investigation of TL of diamonds was continued and the results for diamonds from Murchison CM2, Krymka LL3.0, Kainsaz CO3, and Abee E4 were considered. The diamonds synthesized by CVD-process (samples 133, 159) and by detonation from soot (DDS-B14-89) were also analyzed for comparison. Before the TL measuring samples were annealed at approximately 350 C for a few seconds and then irradiated by gamma-rays of Cs-137 up to dose approximately 200 krad. TL-measurements were performed in the air atmosphere on the standard equipment. TL data for samples are shown. TL glow for some diamonds are also presented.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 1: A-F; p 479-480
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  • 3
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    EGRET observations of active galactic nuclei - 0836 + 710, 0454 - 234, 0804 + 499, 0906 + 430, 1510-089, and 2356 + 196 (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory observed high-energy gamma rays (50 - 2000 MeV) from quasar 0836 + 710 (z = 2.16) during observations in 1992 January, near the time of an optical fare (von Linde et al., 1993). The gamma-ray spectrum can be fitted with a power law with photon number index 2.4 +/- 0.2. EGRET identifies quasars 0454 - 234, 0804 + 499, 0906 + 430, 1510 - 089, and 2356 + 196 at a statistical significance of between 4 and 5 standard deviations.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 415; 1; p. L13-L16.
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  • 4
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    Scientific results from COBE (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) carries three scientific instruments to make precise measurements of the spectrum and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation on angular scales greater than 7 deg and to conduct a search for a diffuse cosmic infrared background (CIB) radiation with 0.7 deg angular resolution. Data from the Far-Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) show that the spectrum of the CMB is that of a blackbody of temperature T = 2.73 +/- 0.06 K, with no deviation from a blackbody spectrum greater than 0.25% of the peak brightness. The first year of data from the Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) show statistically significant CMB anisotropy. The anisotropy is consistent with a scale invariant primordial density fluctuation spectrum. Infrared sky brightness measurements from the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) provide new conservative upper limits to the CIB. Extensive modeling of solar system and galactic infrared foregrounds is required for further improvement in the CIB limits.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 13; 12; P. (12)409-(12)423
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  • 5
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    Microsecond flares in gamma-ray bursts (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: It has been suggested that gamma-ray burst light curves may consist of many superposed flares with a duration shorter than 30/microsec. If true, the implications for the interpretation of burst data are enormous. With the launch of the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory, four predictions of Mitrofanov's (1989) suggestion can be tested. Our results which contradict this suggestion are (1) the photon arrival times are not correlated between independent detectors, (2) the spectral hardness and intensity does not depend on the detector area, (3) the bursts seen by detectors which measure photon positions do not see microsecond flares, and (4) burst positions deduced from detectors with different projected areas are close to the positions deduced from time-of-flight differences between separated spacecraft. We conclude, therefore, that gamma-ray bursts are not composed of microsecond flares.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 404; 2; p. 673-677.
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  • 6
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    Constraints on the cosmic rays in the Small Magellanic Cloud (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Observations of the SMC using the Energetic Gamma Ray Experimental Telescope (EGRET) on the Compton Observatory are reported. The findings yield an upper limit for gamma-ray emission above 100 MeV of 0.5 x 10 exp -7 photon/sq cm s. The expected flux if the cosmic rays (CR) are universal rather than Galactic in origin is (2.4 +/- 0.5) x 10 exp -7 photon/sq cm s, only a third of which arises from cosmic ray electron interactions. Thus, the bulk of the CR energy density is almost certainly neither metagalactic nor universal, but Galactic in origin. The results add to the evidence that the SMC is in a nonequilibrium state and indicate that the LMC is most likely in quasi-stable equilibrium, with a CR energy density near the maximum that can be contained.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Physical Review Letters (ISSN 0031-9007); 70; 2; p. 127-129.
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  • 7
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    A decade's overview of Io's volcanic activity (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Over the past decade some aspects of Io's volcanic activity have changed greatly, while others have essentially remained constant. This contrast has emerged from our study of multi-wavelength, infrared, observations of Io's thermal emission. From 1983 to 1992 we observed the disk integrated flux density of Io from the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Our spectral coverage allows us to separate out the emission components due to volcanic thermal anomalies which are warmer than the background emission caused by solar heating. Our temporal coverage allows us to resolve individual eruptions and also to obtain the disk-integrated flux density as a function of longitude (or, equivalently, orbital phase angle). Characteristics that persisted over the decade involve Loki's location and intensity of emission, the leading hemisphere emission, and the average heat flow. The variable aspects of Io over the decade include Loki's hotter area(s) and the outbursts in the leading hemisphere.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: G-M; p 939-940
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  • 8
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    Optical effects of regolith processes on S asteroids as simulated by laser impulse alteration of ordinary chondrite (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The spectral properties of some powdered chondrites and minerals altered by Isser impulse are studied in order to estimate possible optical effects of regolith processes (micrometeoritic bombardment). Gradual reduction of overall reflectance and spectral contrast, the increase of continuum slope, the increase of spectrally derived olivine/pyroxene ratio and Fs content of orthopyroxene with increasing alteration degree show that regolith processes could affect optical properties of surface material more heavily than has been previously appreciated. Ordinary chondrites (OC's) are known to account for 80 percent of observed meteorite falls, but so far no main belt parent bodies have been identified for these meteorites. S-asteroids resemble OC's spectrally, but are characterized by a steeper red continuum unlike that of OC's and their spectrally derived mineralogies are far outside OC range. Attempts were made to explain the spectral mismatch between OC's and S asteroids by some process, which alters optical properties of uppermost regolith. However, the spectral studies of shocked (black) OC's, gas-rich OC's, melted OC's and synthetic metal-rich regoliths derived from OC's demonstrate that such altered OC materials darken, but do not redden.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: G-M; p 1011-1012
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  • 9
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    Carbon abundances, major element chemistry, and mineralogy of hydrated interplanetary dust particles (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Hydrated interplanetary dust particles (IDP's) comprise a major fraction of the interplanetary dust particles collected in the stratosphere. While much is known about the mineralogy and chemistry of hydrated IDP's, little is known about the C abundance in this class of IDP's, the nature of the C-bearing phases, and how the C abundance is related to other physical properties of hydrated IDP's. Bulk compositional data (including C and O) for 11 hydrated IDP's that were subsequently examined by the transition electron microscopy (TEM) to determine their mineralogy and mineral chemistry are reported. Our analysis indicates that these hydrated IDP's are strongly enriched in C relative to the most C-rich meteorites. The average abundance of C in these hydrated IDP's is 4X CI chondrite values. The bulk compositions (including C and O) of 11 hydrated IDP's were determined by thin-window, energy-dispersive x ray (EDX) spectroscopy of the uncoated IDP's on Be substrates in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a check on our C measurements, one of the IDP's (L2006H5) was embedded in glassy S, and microtome thin sections were prepared and placed onto Be substrates. Thin-film EDX analyses of multiple thin sections of L2006H5 show good agreement with the bulk value determined in the SEM. Following EDX analysis, the mineralogy and mineral chemistry of each IDP was determined by analyzing ultramicrotome thin sections in a TEM equipped with an EDX spectrometer.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: G-M; p 785-786
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  • 10
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    Complex radiation-thermal history of Kaidun meteorite on data of track study of silicate minerals (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The results of track study of approximately 80 individual silicate mineral crystals (ol, px, plag) picked out from Kaidun meteorite are presented. A wide range of observed rho(sub VH) value distributions indicate the complex irradiation history of Kaidun minerals. In one anortite crystal having two track groups with different parameters the pre-accretion irradiation traces were observed in all probability.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: G-M; p 761-762
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