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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (10)
  • Oxford University Press  (3)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 1990-1994  (13)
  • 1992  (13)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion-exchange and affinity chromatography costs in α-galactosidase purification (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 717-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chromatography costs ; cost equations ; α-galactosidase ; enzyme purification ; affinity chromatography ; ion-exchange chromatography ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The purification of α-galactosidase from soybean seeds is a five to six-step procedure consisting of cryoprecipitation, acid precipitation and ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by two or three chromatography steps. The procedures, while not optimized, were carried out in a manner that resulted in 414-515-fold purification, as reported previously. The costs of two purification sequences were compared. In the best case, the preparative-scale costs of stationary phase, reagents, and hardware were $790 per million enzyme units, excluding labor. Stationary phase costs predominated over extraction, chromatography reagent, and eluent costs when the stationary phase is replaced after 10-40 cycles of use. However, if stationary phase life exceeds 50-200 cycles, stationary phase costs become similar in magnitude to eluent and reagent costs. Labor costs, which are process-specific and difficult to estimate, exceed all other costs by a factor of 10-50 at a small scale of operation and constitute a major cost, regardless of scale. This case study provides equations and a frame-work for carrying out a first comparison of costs for multistep purification sequences. Column life, throughput, and scale of operation were found to determine not only the magnitude, but also the relative contributions, of the different components that make up purification costs. This analysis shows that there are major opportunities for reducing purification costs through the development of less expensive stationary phases and the implementation of intelligent process control and automation for process scale chromatography.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260390704
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two distinct isoforms of sea urchin egg dynein (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 21 (1992), S. 281-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: ATPase ; CTPase ; minus-end-directed microtubule motility ; cytoplasmic dynein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Extracts of unfertilized sea urchin eggs contain at least two isoforms of cytoplasmic dynein. One exhibits a weak affinity for microtubules and is primarily soluble. The other isoform, HMr-3, binds to microtubules in an ATP-sensitive manner, but is immunologically distinct from the soluble egg dynein (Porter et al.: Journal of Biological Chemistry 263:6759-6771, 1988). We have now further distinguished these egg dynein isoforms based on differences in NTPase activity. HMr-3 copurifies with NTPase activity, but it hydrolyzes CTP at 10 times the rate of ATP. The soluble egg dynein is similar to flagellar dynein in its nucleotide specificity; its MgCTPase activity is ca. 60% of its MgATPase activity. Non-ionic detergents and salt activate the MgATPase activities of both enzymes relative to their MgCTPase activities, but this effect is more pronounced for the soluble egg dynein than for HMr-3. Sucrose gradient-purified HMr-3 promotes an ATP-sensitive microtubule bundling, as seen with darkfield optics. We have also isolated a 20 S microtubule translocating activity by sucrose gradient fractionation of egg extracts, followed by microtubule affinity and ATP release. This 20 S fraction, which contains the HMr-3 isoform, induces a microtubule gliding activity that is distinct from kinesin. Our observations suggest that soluble dynein resembles axonemal dynein, but that HMr-3 is related to the dynein-like enzymes isolated from a variety of cell types and may represent the cytoplasmic dynein of sea urchin eggs.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970210404
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary column gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry verification of chemical warfare agents (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 717-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Chemical weapons use, although prohibited by the 1925 Geneva Protocol, has been reported in several armed conflicts including the Iran/Iraq war. The use of these weapons during this conflict and the concern over possible use of chemical warfare (CW) agents during the Persian Gulf war has heightened international awareness and prompted many nations to pursue with incresed vigour the signature of a new Chemical Weapons Convention. The most recent draft of the Chemical Weapons Convention contains a number of provisions aimed at developing a treaty that will enable nations to ensure compliance by all signatory nations. Compliance monitoring will be required in a number of scenarios, including the verification of alleged use, the storage and destruction of chemical weapons stocks and ensuring that industrial sites are not illegally producing CW agents. It follows from this draft treaty that compliance monitoring will require a high level of sophisticated analytical support to ensure the establishment of an enforceable treaty. The United Nations Conference on Disarmament therefore formed a multi-national Technical Group on Instrumentation to address the analytical challenges confronting signatory nations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290061117
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular geometry and chain entanglement: parameters for the tube model (1992)
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Theory and Simulations 1 (1992), S. 119-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1018-5054
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The tube diameter in the reptation model is the distance between a given chain segment and its nearest segment in adjacent chains. This dimention is thus related to the cross-sectional area of polymer chains and the nearest approach among chains, without effects of thermal fluctuation and steric repulsion. Prior calculated tube diameters are much larger, about 5 times, than the actual chain cross-sectional areas. This is ascribed to the local freedom required for mutual rearrangement among neighboring chain segments. This tube diameter concept seems to us to infer a relationship to the corresponding entanglement spacing. Indeed, we report here that the critical molecular weight, Mc, for the onset of entanglements is found to be Mc = 28 A/(〈R2〉0/M), where A is the chain cross-sectional area and 〈R2〉0 the mean-square end-to-end distance of a freely jointed chain of molecular weight M. The new, computed relationship between the critical number of backbone atoms for entanglement and the chain cross-sectional area of polymers, Nc = A0,44, is concordant with the cross-sectional area of polymer chains being the parameter controlling the critical entanglement number of backbone atoms of flexible polymers.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mats.1992.040010302
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyester adhesion to chromium-coated steel for poly(ethylene terepthalate) and an isophthalate copolymer (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 1679-1683 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The performance of PET [poly(ethylene terephthalate)] and a copolymer of PET has been tested as an adhesive for chromium-coated steel. Crystallinity in the polyesters is found to limit adhesion, probably by restricting chain mobility. Lamination temperatures above the melting point of each polyester give the best adhesion. Degradation of the polyesters at yet higher temperature resulted in both reduced polymer cohesion and adhesion.Optimum bonding to steel was obtained at lamination temperatures between 230 and 275°C for the copolyester and between 280 and 300°C for PET. The standard laminate compression time was 15 min at 50 kg/cm2. Adhesion was evaluated by the ASTM T-peel test. Assessments were made by both the peel energy and the peak load for peel.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440923
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase and crystallization behavior of solution-blended poly(ether ether ketone) and poly(ether imide) (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1870-1875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Results on solution-blended poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and poly(ether imide) (PEI) blends are reported. Dichloroacetic acid was used as the cosolvent for blending. PEEK and PEI are confirmed to be miscible in the melt. The glass transition, Tg, behavior obeys the simple Fox equation or the Gordon-Taylor equation with the adjustable coefficient k = 0.86. This agrees with prior data on melt-blended PEEK/PEI blends. The Tg width of the amorphous PEEK/PEI blends was found to be broader than that of the pure components. The maximum broadening is about 10°C. The specific volume of the amorphous PEEK/PEI blends shows a slight negative deviation from linearity, indicating favorable interaction between PEEK and PEI. The spherulitic growth and resultant blend morphology at 270°C were studied by a cross-polarized optical microscope. The radial growth rate of PEEK spherulites formed from the miscible melt at 270°C decreases from 3.04 μm/min for PEEK/PEI 90/10 blend to 0.77 μm/min for PEEK/PEI 70/30 blend. The decrease in crystalization rate of PEEK from PEEK/PEI blends is attributable to the increase in blend Tg. A linear growth was observed for PEEK spherulites formed from miscible melt at 270°C in the early growth stage. The spherulitic growth deviated from linearity in the late stage of growth. PEEK spherulites formed from the miscible PEEK/PEI melt at 270°C are essentially volume-filling. The branches of the spherulites become more clear for PEEK spherulites formed from the blend than that formed from pure PEEK melt.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760322410
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Planar deformation of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) by stretching and forging (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 687-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(ethylene terephthalate), amorphous, planar deformation of ; deformation of PET by stretching and forging ; drawing techniques and deformation of PET ; crystallization in drawn PET ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The planar deformation of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was performed by stretching and by forging under comparable conditions at a series of constant temperatures, 80, 90, 100, and 110°C. The highest planar draw ratios of 4.5 × 4.5 and 3.5 × 3.5 were obtained by forging and stretching, respectively. Samples were studied before and after deformation by wide angle x-ray scattering (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), density measurements, and elastic recovery at 100°C. A distinct difference in efficiency of draw between these two techniques is found, as judged mainly by the straininduced crystallization. The forging is more effective than stretching in achieving stabilized planar draw under comparable process conditions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1992.090300705
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Common senescent cell-specific antibody epitopes on fibronectin in species and cells of varied origin (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 150 (1992), S. 545-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The phenomenon of in vitro cellular senescence has been demonstrated in cultured cells derived from humans and various other species. We have previously shown that monoclonal antibodies SEN-1, SEN-2, and SEN-3 react to epitopes on fibronectin that are exposed when human diploid fibroblasts become senescent. We here present results demonstrating that exposure of these epitopes is specific to senescence for a variety of human cells: epidermal keratinocytes, mammary epithelial cells, as well as fibroblasts. Fibronectin from 11 additional species was also analyzed by Western immunoblot for ability to bind the SEN antibodies. SEN-1 bound only human and gorilla fibronectin, whereas SEN-2 and SEN-3 bound fibronectin from those two species as well as the horse, cow, sheep, goat, dog, and chick. None of the antibodies reacted with fibronectin from the rabbit, rat, or mouse. These data indicated a correlation between the ability of the SEN antibodies to bind fibronectin from a particular species and the ability of cells from that species to exhibit a stable senescent phenotype in vitro. Therefore, exposure of this region of fibronectin may be important in the establishment and maintenance of cellular senescence. In addition, the ability of the SEN antibodies to react with fibronectin from a variety of senescent cells emphasizes their usefulness as markers for cellular senescence.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041500315
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das 5′-P-boransubstituierte Thymidinphosphat und -triphosphatBoron-Containing Nucleic Acids, 3. Mitteilung. Diese Arbeit wurde von den National Institutes of Health (1R43 AI 30887-01) und der American Cancer Society (NP741) gefördert. F. Huang danken wir für die HPLC-Untersuchung. - 2. Mitteilung: [2]. (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 104 (1992), S. 1404-1406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19921041030
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5′-P-Borane-Substituted Thymidine Monophosphate and TriphosphateBoron-Containing Nucleic Acids, Part 3. This research was supported by the U.S. National Institute of Health (1 R43 AI 30887-01) and the American Cancer Society (NP 741). The HPLC study by F. Huang is gratefully acknowledged. - Part 2: [2]. (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 31 (1992), S. 1373-1375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199213731
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