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  • 1
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    Remote sensing of mesospheric winds with the High-Resolution Doppler Imager (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Observations of the winds in the upper atmosphere obtained with the High-Resolution Doppler Imager (HRDI) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) are discussed. This instrument is a very stable high-resolution triple-etalon Fabry-Perot interferometer, which is used to observe the slight Doppler shifts of absorption and emission lines in the O2 Atmospheric bands induced by atmospheric motions. Preliminary observations indicate that the winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere are a mixture of migrating and non-migrating tides, and planetary-scale waves. The mean meridional winds are dominated by the 1,1 diurnal tide which is easily extracted from the daily zonal means of the satellite observations. The daily mean zonal winds are a mixture of the diurnal tide and a zonal flow which is consistent with theoretical expectations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 40; 12; p. 1599-1606.
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  • 2
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    A nonlinear dynamical analogue model of geomagnetic activity (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Consideration is given to the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction within the framework of deterministic nonlinear dynamics. An earlier dripping faucet analog model of the low-dimensional solar wind-magnetosphere system is reviewed, and a plasma physical counterpart to that model is constructed. A Faraday loop in the magnetotail is considered, and the relationship of electric potentials on the loop to changes in the magnetic flux threading the loop is developed. This approach leads to a model of geomagnetic activity which is similar to the earlier mechanical model but described in terms of the geometry and plasma contents of the magnetotail. The model is characterized as an elementary time-dependent global convection model. The convection evolves within a magnetotail shape that varies in a prescribed manner in response to the dynamical evolution of the convection. The result is a nonlinear model capable of exhibiting a transition from regular to chaotic loading and unloading. The model's behavior under steady loading and also some elementary forms of time-dependent loading is discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; A8, A; 12
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  • 3
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    Summertime tropospheric observations related to N(x)O(y) distributions and partitioning over Alaska - Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition 3A (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Measurements of NO, NO2, PAN and NO(y) are presented for the summertime middle/lower troposphere over northern high latitudes. Chemical signatures from concurrent measurements of O3, CO, C2H2, C2H6, C3H8, C2Cl4, and H2O are used to characterize factors affecting the budget and distribution of N(x)O(y) in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic tropospheric air masses sampled over Alaska during the NASA Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition (ABLE 3A). The results implicate biomass burning in Siberia as the probable source of about one-third of the NO(y) abundance within the middle lower troposphere over Alaska and the downward transport of air from altitude in the vicinity of the tropopause as a major contributor to the abundance of NO(y) within the lower 6 km column over Alaska.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D15; p. 16,481-16,509.
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  • 4
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    Global average concentration and trend for hydroxyl radicals deduced from ALE/GAGE trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) data for 1978-1990 (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: An optimal estimation inversion scheme is utilized with atmospheric data and emission estimates to determined the globally averaged CH3CCl3 tropospheric lifetime and OH concentration. The data are taken from atmospheric measurements from surface stations of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and show an annual increase of 4.4 +/- 0.2 percent. Industrial emission estimates and a small oceanic loss rate are included, and the OH concentration for the same period (1978-1990) are incorporated at 1.0 +/- 0.8 percent/yr. The positive OH trend is consistent with theories regarding OH and ozone trends with respect to land use and global warming. Attention is given to the effects of the ENSO on the CH3CCl3 data and the assumption of continuing current industrial anthropogenic emissions. A novel tropical atmospheric tracer-transport mechanism is noted with respect to the CH3CCl3 data.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; 2445-246
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  • 5
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    Global and local current sheet thickness estimates during the late growth phase (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The thinning and intensification of the cross tail current sheet during the substorm growth phase are analyzed during the CDAW 6 substorm (22 Mar. 1979) using two complementary methods. The magnetic field and current sheet development are determined using data from two spacecraft and a global magnetic field model with several free parameters. These results are compared with the local calculation of the current sheet location and structure previously done by McPherron et al. Both methods lead to the conclusion that an extremely thin current sheet existed prior to the substorm onset, and the thicknesses estimated by the two methods at substorm onset agree relatively well. The plasma data from the ISEE 1 spacecraft at 13 R(sub E) show an anisotropy in the low energy electrons during the growth phase which disappears just before the substorm onset. The global magnetic model results suggest that the field is sufficiently stretched to scatter such low energy electrons. The strong stretching may improve the conditions for the growth of the ion tearing instability in the near Earth tail at substorm onset.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: ESA, Substorms 1; p 131-135
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  • 6
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    Polar stratospheric cloud processed air and potential vorticity in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere at mid-latitudes during winter (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The present study compares small-scale (less than 100 km) features in ER-2 measurements of ClO, O3, H2O, N2O, and NO(y) outside the lower stratospheric Arctic vortex of 1988-1989 with features on potential vorticity maps from ECMWF. The potential vorticity maps are obtained from T106 analyses and forecasts. Some of the plots were truncated to lower resolution (T63 or T42) which smooths out the finer-scale structure. Comparison of these lower resolution plots shows how much detail is lost by excessive smoothing. It is also evident that the forecast plots lose fine-scale structure due to dissipation in the model resulting mainly from horizontal diffusion. It is concluded that blobs of air on the maps at latitudes between the vortex edge and 25 deg N having potential vorticities characteristic of the vortex did indeed originate from the vortex, but that the real atmosphere is more sharply differentiated than the meteorological analyses, implying that the potential vorticity maps underestimate the amount of peeled-off material.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D8, M
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  • 7
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    Spatial scale of the substorm onset region determined from multi-point satellite and ground-based observations (1992)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The temporal and spatial scale of the onset of two substorm events is investigated using high resolution energetic particle and magnetic field data at synchronous orbit plus auroral and magnetic field data simultaneously taken from the ground based instrumentation. During both intervals the major expansion onset had precursor localized expansions without significant negative bay enhancement ('pseudobreakups'). Typical magnetospheric onset signatures such as tail current diversion, dipolarization, and injection were observed associated with some of the pseudobreakups. The major expansion, on the other hand, consisted of a number of rather localized injections and expansions, each of which had times scales of 5 to approximately 10 minutes, a comparable time scale to that of pseudobreakups. The number of occurrences, as well as the scale size of the magnetospheric source region, would constitute the major difference between pseudobreakup and the global expansion onset.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: ESA, Substorms 1; p 353-357
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  • 8
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    Raman lidar measurements of Pinatubo aerosols over southeastern Kansas during November-December 1991 (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Raman lidar measurements over southeastern Kansas of stratospheric aerosols produced by the June 1991 eruptions of Mt. Pinatubo were made on 10 nights during November and December 1991. Both aerosol backscattering and extinction profiles were derived simultaneously from the lidar data since this system detects Raman scattering from nitrogen and oxygen as well as the backscattered light from aerosols and molecules. Aerosols scattering ratios greater than 3(at 351 nm) were measured on several nights. Peak aerosol concentrations were located between 19-22 km and varied significantly from night to night. Aerosol extinction/backscatter ratios computed from the lidar data and averaged over the altitude region of enhanced aerosol scattering between 15-25 km varied between 18-28 sr. Mie computations show these values to be consistent with scattering by aerosol particles with mode radii between 0.3 to 0.5 micron and that the ratios would increase to 40-65 sr at 694 nm. Aerosol optical thicknesses derived from the lidar extinction measurements at 351 nm varied between 0.04 and 0.06.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 19; 15, A
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  • 9
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    Sudbury project (University of Muenster-Ontario Geological Survey): Summary of results - an updated impact model (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: In 1984 the Ontario Geological Survey initiated a research project on the Sudbury structure (SS) in cooperation with the University of Muenster. The project included field mapping (1984-1989) and petrographic, chemical, and isotope analyses of the major stratigraphic units of the SS. Four diploma theses and four doctoral theses were performed during the project (1984-1992). Specific results of the various investigations are reported. Selected areas of the SS were mapped and sampled: Footwall rocks; Footwall breccia and parts of the sublayer and lower section of the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC); Onaping Formation and the upper section of the SIC; and Sudbury breccia and adjacent Footwall rocks along extended profiles up to 55 km from the SIC. All these stratigraphic units of the SS were studied in substantial detail by previous workers. The most important characteristic of the previous research is that it was based either on a volcanic model or on a mixed volcanic-impact model for the origin of the SS. The present project was clearly directed toward a test of the impact origin of the SS without invoking an endogenic component. In general, our results confirm the most widely accepted stratigraphic division of the SS. However, our interpretation of some of the major stratigraphic units is different from most views expressed. The stratigraphy of the SS and its new interpretation is given as a basis for discussion.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., International Conference on Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution; p 5-6
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  • 10
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    Observations of 3-m auroral irregularities during the ERRRIS campaigns (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: In the late winter of 1988 and 1989, three NASA sounding rockets were flown through the auroral electrojet from ESRANGE (Sweden) as part of the E-region Rocket-Radar Instability Study (ERRRIS). Many ground-based instruments supported these flights, including the EISCAT, STARE, and CUPRI radars, as well as all-sky cameras, riometers, and magnetometers. In this paper the observations of the Cornell University Portable Radar Interferometer (CUPRI), which detected coherent backscatter from 3-m irregularities in the auroral E-region are summarized. Twenty hours of power spectra and interferometry data are available, and, during the 1989 campaign, three weeks of nearly continuous Range-Time-Intensity (RTI) and first moment data were recorded.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics (ISSN 0021-9169); 54; 6 Ju
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