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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (64)
  • 1990-1994  (64)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1992  (64)
  • 1
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    Intercomparison and interpretation of surface energy fluxes in atmospheric general circulation models (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Responses of the surface energy budgets and hydrologic cycles of 19 atmospheric general circulation models to an imposed, globally uniform sea surface temperature perturbation of 4 K were analyzed. The responses of the simulated surface energy budgets are extremely diverse and are closely linked to the responses of the simulated hydrologic cycles. The response of the net surface energy flux is not controlled by cloud effects; instead, it is determined primarily by the response of the latent heat flux. The prescribed warming of the oceans leads to major increases in the atmospheric water vapor content and the rates of evaporation and precipitation. The increased water vapor amount drastically increases the downwelling IR radiation at the earth's surface, but the amount of the change varies dramatically from one model to another.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; 3711-372
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  • 2
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    Indications of photochemical histories of Pacific air masses from measurements of atmospheric trace species at Point Arena, California (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Measurements were made of a suite of photochemically active trace species (including light hydrocarbons, ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate, HNO3, NO3(-), NO(x), and NO(y)) in marine air collected during a 10-day period in April and May 1985 at Point Arena (California), a coastal inflow site. It was found that the mixing ratios of the alkanes, ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate, and HNO3 correlated with variations in the origins of calculated air parcel trajectories and with variations in the ratios of the light alkanes. The highest levels of alkanes and the photochemical products were found in parcels that had been rapidly transported across the North Pacific Ocean from near the 600-mbar level above the east Asian coast. It is suggested that production over the continents, transport to the marine areas, and parallel removal processes account for much of the observed correlation.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D14; p. 15,883-15,901.
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  • 3
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    The wavenumber spectra of scatterometer-derived winds (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The accuracy of scatterometer-derived winds using a frequency-domain analysis and simulation is studied. The wavenumber spectra of the Seasat-A-scatterometer (SASS)-derived wind fields have been observed to be accentuated relative to the input wind field. The results of extensive simulations designed to test this observation are reported. Actual SASS measurements of the normalized radar backscatter (NRB) over an orbit (rev) are used as a template to generate simulated NRB measurements. Pointwise estimation of winds from the simulated NRB measurements is accomplished with the ambiguity closest to the true wind selected as the unique wind vector estimate. For comparison, winds are also estimated using a new model-based approach. After wind retrieval, the spectra of the estimated wind fields are computed and compared to the input wind field. The high wavenumber portion of the spectra of the pointwise estimated winds was higher than the spectra of the true winds by an amount which depends on the wind speed variance.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 1005-1007.
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  • 4
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    Millimeter-wave imaging radiometer for cloud, precipitation and atmospheric water vapor studies (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A millimeter-wave imaging radiometer (MIR) developed by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is described. The MIR is a nine-channel total power radiometer developed for atmospheric research. Three dual-pass band channels are centered about the strongly opaque 183-GHz water vapor absorption line; the frequencies are 183 +/- 1, +/- 3, and +/- 7 GHz. Another channel is located on the wing of this band at 150 GHz. These four channels have varying degrees of opacity from which the water vapor profile can be inferred. The design and salient characteristics of this instrument are discussed, together with its expected benefits.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 1426-1428.
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  • 5
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    Tropical intercontinental optical measurement network of aerosol, precipitable water and total column ozone (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A new generation of automatic sunphotometers is used to systematically monitor clear sky total column aerosol concentration and optical properties, precipitable water and total column ozone diurnally and annually in West Africa and South America. The instruments are designed to measure direct beam sun, solar aureole and sky radiances in nine narrow spectral bands from the UV to the near infrared on an hourly basis. The instrumentation and the algorithms required to reduce the data for subsequent analysis are described.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 1 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 738, 739.
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  • 6
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    Characteristics of 3-D transport simulations of the stratosphere and mesosphere (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A 3D mechanistic, primitive-equation model of the stratosphere and mesosphere is coupled to an offline spectral transport model. The dynamics model is initialized with and forced by observations so that the coupled models may be used to study specific episodes. Results are compared with those obtained by transport online in the dynamics model. Although some differences are apparent, the results suggest that coupling of the models to a comprehensive photochemical package will provide a useful tool for studying the evolution of constituents in the middle atmosphere during specific episodes.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: In: Conference on the Middle Atmosphere, 8th, Atlanta, GA, Jan. 5-10, 1992, Preprints (A93-49361 21-47); p. 28-32.
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  • 7
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    Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, and water vapor properties from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The authors describe the status of MODIS-N and its companion instrument MODIS-T (tilt), a tiltable cross-track scanning spectrometer with 32 uniformly spaced channels between 0.410 and 0.875 micron. They review the various methods being developed for the remote sensing of atmospheric properties using MODIS, placing primary emphasis on the principal atmospheric applications of determining the optical, microphysical, and physical properties of clouds and aerosol particles from spectral reflection and thermal emission measurements. In addition to cloud and aerosol properties, MODIS-N will be used for determining the total precipitable water vapor and atmospheric stability. The physical principles behind the determination of each of these atmospheric products are described, together with an example of their application to aircraft and/or satellite measurements.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); 30; 2-27
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  • 8
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    Atmospheric measurements using the LAMP lidar during the LADIMAS campaign (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The results of the LAtitudinal DIstribution of Middle Atmosphere Structure (LADIMAS) experiment have provided a unique data set to improve our understanding of the middle atmosphere. The project included shipboard and rocket range coordinated measurements between 70 deg N to 65 deg S to study the structure, dynamics, and chemistry of the atmosphere. Results on important dynamical processes, such as gravity waves, tidal components, as well as the formation of the layers of meteoric ion and neutral species, were obtained with lidar, digisonde, microwave radiometer, and spectrometers. The cooperative study of the atmosphere was undertaken by researchers from several laboratories, including Penn State University (PSU), University Bonn, University Wuppertal, Lowell University, and others. Several of the parameters studied have never been measured before over such a wide range of latitudes. Instruments were assembled aboard the German research vessel RV POLARSTERN while this vessel was sailing from the Arctic to the Antarctic seas between 8 Oct. 1991 - 2 Jan. 1992. This paper presents an introduction to the data gathered by the PSU investigation with the Lidar Atmospheric Measurements Program (LAMP) lidar.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, 16th International Laser Radar Conference, Part 2; p 651-654
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  • 9
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    Atmospheric disturbance model for aircraft and space capable vehicles (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An atmospheric disturbance model (ADM) is developed that considers the requirements of advanced aerospace vehicles and balances algorithmic assumptions with computational constraints. The requirements for an ADM include a realistic power spectrum, inhomogeneity, and the cross-correlation of atmospheric effects. The baseline models examined include the Global Reference Atmospheric Model Perturbation-Modeling Technique, the Dryden Small-Scale Turbulence Description, and the Patchiness Model. The Program to Enhance Random Turbulence (PERT) is developed based on the previous models but includes a revised formulation of large-scale atmospheric disturbance, an inhomogeneous Dryden filter, turbulence statistics, and the cross-correlation between Dryden Turbulence Filters and small-scale thermodynamics. Verification with the Monte Carlo approach demonstrates that the PERT software provides effective simulations of inhomogeneous atmospheric parameters.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 92-0294
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  • 10
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    Area-averaged surface fluxes and their time-space variability over the FIFE experimental domain (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The underlying mean and variance properties of surface net radiation, sensible-latent heat fluxes and soil heat flux are studied over the densely instrumented grassland region encompassing FIFE. Flux variability is discussed together with the problem of scaling up to area-averaged fluxes. Results are compared and contrasted for cloudy and clear situations and examined for the influence of surface-induced biophysical controls (burn and grazing treatments) and topographic controls (aspect ratios and slope factors).
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D17; p. 18,599-18,622.
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