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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 1740-1747 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ion transport through curved-solenoid macroparticle filters is investigated using a parabolic potential model of the electric field. Consideration of the ion equations of motion shows that the filter efficiency will increase with the relative radius of curvature of the solenoid and decrease with the relative length of the input region. If the magnetic field is constant in the input region, transport efficiencies of up to 100% are predicted. We argue that the observed effect of axial magnetic field on the angular distribution of ions emitted from the cathode spot can be explained by electric fields changing ion trajectories after emission, rather than a change in spot behavior. Detailed calculations give the energy and angular distributions with which the ions exit the filter. Focusing effects are observed and seen to affect the ion transport−particularly when the ions are not emitted on the filter axis.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 57 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thermal processing conditions [rate of temperature increase, 0.35°C or 3.5°C/min; end-point temperature (EPT), 57.2, 71.1, and 79.4°C; dwell time, 0 and 30 min; and enzyme extraction medium (deionized water, 0.9% saline, and pH 7 buffer)] affected glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT; aspartate aminotransferase, E.C. 2.6.1.1) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT; alanine aminotransferase; E.C. 2.6.1.2) activity in thermal treated ground beef samples. There was greater loss of GOT activity in samples heat processed at 0.35°C/min than samples heat processed at 3.5°C/min with depletion nearly to zero between 71.1 and 79.4°C. More GOT activity was noted when samples were extracted with 0.9% saline solution. GPT activity was low in all samples and was present after heating to 79.4°C.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 9 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 355 (1992), S. 622-624 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Electron diffraction techniques6 enable the scattered intensity from selected areas of small samples to be measured with good counting statistics to large values of s = 2sin0/A (here s=^ 4.7 A"1). In the presence ofrotational disorder, structural information can be obtained from the reduced ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 227-230 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 78.65H ; 81.60J
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) does not exhibit excimer laser etching behavior at conventional, e.g., single photon absorption, emissions of 193, 248, and 308 nm, due to the lack of polymer/photon interaction. This is not surprising since the electronic transitions available to the PTFE molecule are high energy and thus require short wavelength the radiation However, by incorporating a small quantity of material into the non-absorbing fluoropolymer matrix that interacts strongly with the emitted laser energy, e.g., a dopant, successful ablation, both in terms of etch rate and structuring quality occurs. Specifically, excimer laser ablation of PTFE films containing 5, 10, and 15% polyimide (wt/wt) as a dopant was achieved at 308 nm in a fluence range of 1 to 12 J/cm2. Ablation rates for the materials increased with increasing fluence and, at the polyimide levels investigated, varied inversely with dopant concentration. All compositions exhibited excellent structuring quality.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 55 (1992), S. 488-493 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55.Gp ; 78.65 ; 81.60.Jw ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Clean ablation of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) at etch rates in excess of 7µm/pulse has been achieved with an excimer laser using 308nm radiation and a 25 ns pulse width. This was accomplished by doping the ultraviolet-transparent PTFE polymer with polyimide. Ablation rates were investigated as a function of fluence in the range from 1 to 12J/cm2 and dopant levels up to 15% (wt/wt). Results show that at a given fluence there exists an optimum absorption coefficient ⇌max, for which maximum ablation rates are achieved. The value of ⇌max was found to decrease with increasing fluence. The relationship between ⇌max and fluence was determined from existing ablation rate models and found to compare favorably with empirical results.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wetlands ecology and management 1 (1992), S. 191-197 
    ISSN: 1572-9834
    Keywords: monsoonal wetland ; prairie pothole ; seed germination ; seedling recruitment ; soil moisture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Un project de restauration ou création éxige quelque information concernant le stock grainier, au moins une liste d'espèces. Il y a deux techniques fondamentales pour la détermination de la composition dun stock grainier: la séparation des graines d'un volume du sol et la germination des graines dun volume du sol sous conditions du milieu appropriées. La dernière technique donne toujours des résultats partiaux. En échantillonnant un stock grainier dun marécage, il est bon de prendre autant d'échantillons pris au hasard que possible. Ces échantillons peuvent être combinés defaçon nécessaire pour le traitement. Les études faites sur le terrain dans l'Inde ont dé-montré que les stocks grainiers qui ont persisté peuvent être utilisés dans le rétablissement d'une type préexistant de vegetation dans un marécage de mousson qui a été recouvert par une espèce d'herbe. Les stocks grainiers qui ont persisté dans les marécages de prairie drainés au nord-centre des Etats-Unis indiquèrent que quelques espèces des marécages étaient toujours présentes après 70 ans, mais que la diversité des espèces et la densité des graines avaient baissé d'une manière significative après 20 à 30 ans de culture et drainage. En Floride, aus Etats-Unis, de marécages ont été établis en quelques régions minières en utilisant sols “donateurs” de marécages. Les marécages ainsi établis développèrent rapidement un tapis végétal dense, mais cette végetation manquait souvent plusieurs espèces désirables. Les études experimentales des conditions de l'humidité du sol en utilisant un stock grainier de Delta Marsh (Canada) démontra que l'humidité du sol affecta le nombre total des graines, et aussi affecta la proportion rélative des graines de chaque espèce qui germinent du stock grainier. L'abondance de jeunes plantes émergentes dans le traitment était directement proportionelle à l'humidité du sol, tandis que celle des plantes annuelles était inversement proportionelle. Les espèces émergentes formèrent presque 90% des jeunes plantes dans le traitement le plus humide et 0% dans le plus sec.
    Notes: Abstract The minimum information about a seed bank needed for a wetland restoration or creation project is a species list. There are two basic techniques for determining the composition of seed banks: (1) mechanical separation of seeds from a volume of soil and (2) germination of seeds from a volume of soil under appropriate environmental conditions. The latter method always gives biased results. It is best to collect as many random samples as possible when sampling a wetland seed bank. These can be combined as needed for processing. Field studies in India have demonstrated that vestigial seed banks can be used to re-establish a former vegetation type in a monsoonal wet-land that had become overgrown by a species of grass. In less than a year, 9 of 1 I species in the vestigial seed bank were found growing in areas cleared of the grass. Vestigial seed banks of drained prairie wetlands in the northcentral United States contained a few wetland species after 70 years, although species diversity and seed density declined significantly after 20 to 30 years of drainage and cultivation. In Florida, U.S.A., wetlands have been established in strip-mined areas using donor soils from existing wetlands. Newly established wetlands quickly developed a dense cover of vegetation, although this vegetation often lacked many desirable wetland species. Experimental studies of soil moisture conditions using a seed bank from the Delta Marsh, Canada, demonstrated that soil moisture affected both the total number of seeds, and the relative proportion of seeds of each species that germinated from a seed bank. The density of seedlings of emergent wetland species in the treatments was directly proportional to soil moisture, while that of terrestrial annuals was inversely proportional. Emergent species made up nearly 90% of the seedlings in the wettest treatment and 0% in the driest.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1992-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0923-4861
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9834
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1992-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0946-2171
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0649
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1992-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0946-2171
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0649
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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