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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (115)
  • 1990-1994  (55)
  • 1980-1984  (60)
  • 1991  (55)
  • 1982  (60)
  • 1
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    Interpretation of snow-climate feedback as produced by 17 general circulation models (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Snow feedback is expected to amplify global warming caused by increasing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases. The conventional explanation is that a warmer earth will have less snow cover, resulting in a darker planet that absorbs more solar radiation. An intercomparison of 17 general circulation models, for which perturbations of sea surface temperature were used as a surrogate climate change, suggests that this explanation is overly simplistic. The results instead indicate that additional amplification or moderation may be caused both by cloud interactions and longwave radiation. One measure of this net effect of snow feedback was found to differ markedly among the 17 climate models, ranging from weak negative feedback in some models to strong positive feedback in others.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 253; 888-892
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Doppler radar echoes of lightning and precipitation at vertical incidence (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Digital time series data at 16 heights within two storms were collected at vertical incidence with a 10-cm Doppler radar. On several occasions during data collection, lightning echoes were observed as increased reflectivity on an oscilloscope display. Simultaneously, lightning signals from nearby electric field change antennas were recorded on an analog recorder together with the radar echoes. Reflectivity, mean velocity, and Doppler spectra were examined by means of time series analysis for times during and after lightning discharges. Spectra from locations where lightning occurred show peaks, due to the motion of the lightning channel at the air speed. These peaks are considerably narrower than the ones due to precipitation. Besides indicating the vertical air velocity that can then be used to estimate hydrometeor-size distribution, the lightning spectra provide a convenient means to estimate the radar cross section of the channel. Subsequent to one discharge, we deduce that a rapid change in the orientation of hydrometeors occurred within the resolution volume.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Aug. 20
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Implementation of the FAA research and development electromagnetic database (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) has been assisting the FAA in developing a database of information about lightning. The FAA Research and Development Electromagnetic Database (FRED) will ultimately contain data from a variety of airborne and ground-based lightning research projects. An outline of the data currently available in FRED is presented. The data sources which the FAA intends to incorporate into FRED are listed. In addition, it describes how the researchers may access and use the FRED menu system.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Kennedy Space Center, The 1991 International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity, Volume 2; 13 p
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Atmospheric aerosol and Doppler lidar studies (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Experimental and theoretical studies were performed of atmospheric aerosol backscatter and atmospheric dynamics with Doppler lidar as a primary tool. Activities include field and laboratory measurement and analysis efforts. The primary focus of activities related to understanding aerosol backscatter is the GLObal Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE) program. GLOBE is a multi-element effort designed toward developing a global aerosol model to describe tropospheric clean background backscatter conditions that Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder (LAWS) is likely to encounter. Two survey missions were designed and flown in the NASA DC-8 in November 1989 and May to June 1990 over the remote Pacific Ocean, a region where backscatter values are low and where LAWS wind measurements could make a major contribution. The instrument complement consisted of pulsed and continuous-wave (CW) CO2 gas and solid state lidars measuring aerosol backscatter, optical particle counters measuring aerosol concentration, size distribution, and chemical composition, a filter/impactor system collecting aerosol samples for subsequent analysis, and integrating nephelometers measuring visible scattering coefficients. The GLOBE instrument package and survey missions were carefully planned to achieve complementary measurements under clean background backscatter conditions.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA(MSFC FY91 Global Scale Atmospheric Processes Research Program Review; p 15-17
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Wind structure and small-scale wind variability in the stratosphere and mesosphere during the November 1980 Energy Budget Campaign (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Rocket observations made from two sites in northern Scandinavia between November 6 and December 1, 1980, as part of the Energy Budget Campaign are discussed. It was found that significant vertical and temporal changes in the wind structure were present and that they coincided with different geomagnetic conditions, that is, quiet and enhanced. Before November 16, the meridional wind component above 60 km was found to be positive (southerly), whereas the magnitude of the zonal wind component increased with altitude. After November 16 the meridional component became negative (northerly), and the magnitude of the zonal wind component was observed to decrease with altitude. Time sections of the perturbations of the zonal wind reveal the presence of vertically propagating waves, suggesting gravity wave activity. The waves are found to increase in wavelength from 3-4 km near 40 km to more than 12 km near 80 km. The observational techniques made use of chaff foil, chemical trails, inflatable spheres, and parachutes.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Oceanic tide maps and spherical harmonic coefficients from Geosat altimetry (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Maps and tables for the global ocean tides, 69 degree N to 68 degree S, derived from two years of Geosat altimetry are presented. Global maps of local and Greenwich admittance of the (altimetric) ocean tide, and maps of amplitude and Greenwich phase lag of the ocean tide are shown for M(sub 2), S(sub 2), N(sub 2), O(sub 1), and K(sub 1). Larger scale maps of amplitude and phases are also shown for regional areas of special interest. Spherical harmonic coefficients of the ocean tide through degree and order 8 are tabulated for the six major constituents.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-104544 , REPT-91B00073 , NAS 1.15:104544
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    The NASA/MSFC global reference atmospheric model: 1990 version (GRAM-90). Part 2: Program/data listings (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A new (1990) version of the NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model (GRAM-90) was completed and the program and key data base listing are presented. GRAM-90 incorporate extensive new data, mostly collected under the Middle Atmosphere Program, to produce a completely revised middle atmosphere model (20 to 120 km). At altitudes greater than 120 km, GRAM-90 uses the NASA Marshall Engineering Thermosphere model. Complete listings of all program and major data bases are presented. Also, a test case is included.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-4268-PT-2 , M-657 , NAS 1.15:4268-PT-2
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  • 8
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    The NASA/MSFC global reference atmospheric model: 1990 version (GRAM-90). Part 1: Technical/users manual (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A technical description of the NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model 1990 version (GRAM-90) is presented with emphasis on the additions and new user's manual descriptions of the program operation aspects of the revised model. Some sample results for the new middle atmosphere section and comparisons with results from a three dimensional circulation model are provided. A programmer's manual with more details for those wishing to make their own GRAM program adaptations is also presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-4268-PT-1 , M-657 , NAS 1.15:4268-PT-1
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    The useful potential of using existing data to uniquely identify predictable wind events and regimes, part 1 (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Correlations between standard meteorological data and wind power generation potential were developed. Combined with appropriate wind forecasts, these correlations can be useful to load dispatchers to supplement conventional energy sources. Hourly wind data were analyzed for four sites, each exhibiting a unique physiography. These sites are Amarillo, Texas; Ludington, Michigan; Montauk Point, New York; and San Gorgonio, California. Synoptic weather maps and tables are presented to illustrate various wind 'regimes' at these sites.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Large Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines; p 357-374
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    The free radical chemistry of cloud droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Calculations are presented that simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday. It is demonstrated that in the presence of midday solar fluxes, the heterogeneous scavenging of OH and HO2 from the gas phase by cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water, provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001. The aqueous-phase of HO2 radicals are found to be converted to H2O2 by aqueous-phase chemical reactions at a rate that suggests that this mechanism could produce a significant fraction of the H2O2 found in cloud droplets. The rapid oxidation of sulfur species dissolved in cloudwater by this free-radical-produced H2O2 as well as by aqueous-phase OH radicals could conceivably have a significant impact upon the chemical composition of rain.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; June 20
    Format: text
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