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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (109)
  • 1985-1989  (109)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1988  (109)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity potential of residual ethylene oxide on fresh or frozen embryos maintained in plastic straws (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 19 (1988), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: embryo development ; ethylene oxide ; toxicity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The toxic effects of residual ethylene oxide (EtO), a frequently used gas-sterilant, on embryos either frozen for long-term purposes or stored acutely for 30 min to 9 hr in a fresh condition in 0.25-ml straw containers were evaluated. In Experiment 1, fresh embryos were frozen (using conventional technology) in straws previously aerated for 0 hr to 8 mo after EtO sterilization. With the exception of the 8-mo group in which survival and quality ratings were depressed, embryo viability was not affected significantly by short-term prefreeze and post-thaw exposure to EtO residues. Experiment 2 was conducted to analyze the influence of prefreeze exposure to EtO residues on embryo development in vitro for embryos temporarily stored in previously sterilized straws aerated for different intervals. Compared to non-EtO-sterilized control straws, the development, quality, and viability of embryos exposed to EtO-treated straws were compromised (p 〈 0.05) as the aeration interval decreased and the exposure interval increased. The combined results of both experiments indicate that EtO-treated straws can be used to cryopreserve gametes efficiently, but only if the aeration interval is ≥72 hr and the prefreeze duration of exposure is ≤3 hr.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120190104
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoretic analysis of four high molecular weight sialoglycoproteins produced by metastatic human colon carcinoma cells (1988)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 37 (1988), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: colon cancer ; metastasis ; mucins ; electrophoresis ; lectins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have found that polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 3% gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate is suitable for the separation of cellular glycoproteins having molecular weights ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000. The gels secured on a rigid support (Gelbond) allow blotting techniques with lectins and antibodies for the detection of glycoproteins. Using these methods we have separated lysates of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells and detected at Jeast four distinct high molecular weight Sialoglycoproteins having molecular weights of 900,000, 740.000, 560,000, and 450,000. The expression of the 9000,000 component, as revealed by wheat germ agglutinin binding, was much higher in a subline of HT-29 cells established from liver metastases in a nude mouse than it was in the parental cells. The relative intensity of wheat germ agglutinin binding to these four sialoglycoprotein components differs depending upon their growth phase in vitro. These glycoproteins were also detectable by the binding of peanut agglutinin, provided the glycoproteins were previously treated in the gels with mild acid to remove the sialic acid from their carbohydrate chains, suggesting that mucin-type carbohydrate chains are present on these glycoproteins. The same set of glycoproteins can be detected by metabolic labeling of the cells with [3H] glucosamine in tissue culture. Very similar glycoprotein profiles are revealed by metabolic labeling of fresh colon carcinoma tissues with [3H] glucosamine in vitro.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240370102
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A polypeptide growth inhibitor isolated from lactating bovine mammary gland (MDGI) is a lipid-carrying protein (1988)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 38 (1988), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: fatty acid-binding protein ; mechanism of action ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI), a polypeptide growth inhibitor isolated from lactating bovine mammary tissue, previously shown to have extensive sequence homology with fatty acid-binding proteins, was demonstrated to meet the criteria of a fatty acid-binding protein. The protein was found to bind [3H]palmitic acid in a saturable manner and to be complexed with endogeneous free fatty acids. [3H]palmitic acid, when bound to the protein, was more rapidly taken up by the target cells (human mammary carcinoma cells [MaTu]) than was free [3H]palmitic acid, suggesting a lipid carrier function for the inhibitor. It is suggested that the fatty acid-binding properties of MDGI may relate to its ability to inhibit cell growth in vitro and to regulate other cellular functions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240380307
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Loss of three major auto phosphorylation sites in the EGF receptor does not block the mitogenic action of EGF (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 134 (1988), S. 421-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The EGF receptor cDNA has been transfected into receptor-negative Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. A mutant cell line (CHO 11) was isolated that expresses a receptor of lower molecular weight than the EGF receptor from A431 cells (150,000 daltons compared to 170,000 daltons) and which appeared as a doublet on SDS-PAGE. By digestion of the receptor with endoglycosidase F it was shown that an altered pattern of glycosylation could not account for the smaller size of the protein, although it could explain the appearance of the CHO 11 receptor as a doublet protein. A deletion was located to the transfected cDNA and shown to involve the removal of coding sequences for the most C-terminal 20,000 daltons of the EGF receptor, which contains the three major autophosphoryation sites. Despite the loss of these sites the EGF receptor from CHO 11 cells binds EGF, demonstrates protein tyrosine kinase activity in response to EGF, and transduces a mitogenic signal. The CHO 11 receptor protein is still autophosphorylated on alternative tyrosine residues. We conclude that phosphorylation of the three tyrosines (P1, P2, and P3) in the C-terminal domain of the receptor is not required for signal transduction by the EGF receptor in these cells.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041340313
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential expression of mRNA coding for heparin-binding growth factor type 2 in human cells (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 136 (1988), S. 297-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The proliferation of normal human fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and melanocytes in vitro can be controlled by purified polypeptide growth factors and serum. We have studied the cellular expression of the heparin-binding growth factor type 2/basic fibroblast growth factor (HBGF-2/bFGF) gene to determine whether these cell types synthesize mRNA for this mitogen. Our results indicate that normal human fibroblasts synthesize four distinct mRNAs of 7.0, 3.7, 2.2, and 1.5 kilobases, which hybridize to a specific HBGF-2/bFGF cDNA probe. In fibroblasts, the level of all four of these transcripts increases dramatically (more than tenfold) within 4 hours of treatment of quiescent cells with fresh fetal bovine serum. Of the purified growth factors tested, transforming growth factor type-beta also increased HBGF-2/bFGF mRNA abundance, but not to the levels attained by serum treatment. Treatment of fibroblasts with cycloheximide before and during serum treatment blocked the ability of serum to induce the expression of the HBGF-2/bFGF gene. The gene is expressed at low levels in human fibroblasts rapidly growing in serum-free medium and at higher levels in cells rapidly growing in serum-containing medium. In contrast to fibroblasts, mRNA coding for HBGF-2/bFGF is undetectable in proliferating normal human keratinocytes, melanocytes, or mammary epithelial cells. Because keratinocytes and melanocytes proliferate in response to purified HBGF-2/bFGF, our results suggest that HBGF-2/bFGF may mediate the proliferation of epidermal cells through paracrine mechanisms involving stromal fibroblasts. Moreover, we have shown that a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCC-25) expresses mRNA coding for HBGF-2/bFGF, suggesting that the gene may become activated in some carcinomas.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041360212
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of angiogenesis in vitro by vanadate, an inhibitor of phosphotyrosine phosphatases (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 134 (1988), S. 460-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have previously shown that capillary endothelial cells grown on the surface of three-dimensional collagen gels can be induced to invade the underlying fibrillar matrix and to form capillary-like tubular structures in response to tumor-promoting phorbol esters or the angiogenic agent fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Since both phorbol esters and FGF stimulate phosphorylation of tyrosine residues, we treated endothelial cells with vanadate, an inhibitor of phosphotyrosine-specific phosphatases, to determine whether this agent could induce the expression of an anglogenic phenotype in these cells. We show here that vanadate stimulates endothelial cells to invade collagen matrices and to organize into characteristic tubules resembling those induced by FGF or phorbol esters. We have further observed that vanadate concomitantly stimulates endothelial cells to produce plasrninogen activators (PAs), proteolytic enzymes which are induced by phorbol esters and FGF, and which have been implicated in the neovascular response; this stimulation can be accounted for by an increase in the levels of urokinase-type PA and tissue type PA mRNA. These results suggest a role for tyrosine phosphorylation in the regulation of the angiogenic phenotype in capillary endothelial cells.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041340318
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution electron microscopy of high-temperature superconductors (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 8 (1988), S. 297-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Defects ; Polymorphs ; Structure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: We review recent results obtained at Northwestern using high-resolution electron microscopy to study high-temperature superconductors. While in general these materials form large, very perfect single crystal grains which display very few imperfections, there is also evidence of slip defects, amorphous regions, and order-disorder transformations. We also report that the gadolinium-based superconductors and in one case yttrium-based superconductors show evidence for some copper solid solubility in the form of copperrich planar defects. The structure of a metastable trigonal polytype is also reported, as are the effects of electron beam and water vapor damage to the materials.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060080308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cytoskeletal microtubular system of some naked dinoflagellates (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 9 (1988), S. 361-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubular cytoskeleton ; Dinoflagellates ; immunofluorescence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytoskeletal microtubule system has been studied in six species of unarmoured Dinoflagellates using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Several structures have been detected and described: (1) a subpellicular layer of microtubules, constituting the microtubular cytoskeleton, running singly or in bundles from the anterior part of the cell to the posterior; (2) a feeding apparatus, containing a ribbon of microtubules, which corresponds to a small peduncle in some species and is simply represented by a cytostome in some other species; and (3) the longitudinal flagellum that runs in a long intracytoplasmic pocket before becoming free at the extremity of the sulcus. A thorough study of the organization of the microtubular structures in a wide spectrum of Dinoflagellates is a prerequisite for understanding the evolutionary history of the group.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970090408
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of chlamydomonas dynein with tubulin (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 9 (1988), S. 129-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubules ; motility ; cilia ; surface lattice ; biotin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies were conducted to determine if dynein could bind to unpolymerized tubulin. Tubulin alone normally fractionated in the included volume of a molecular sieve Bio-Gel A-1.5m column. Incubated together, tubulin and dynein coeluted in the void volumn, suggesting that a complex had formed between the two. In addition, immunoelectron microscopy revealed preassembled microtubules were labeled with biotin antibody only when incubated in both dynein and biotinylated tubulin, evidence that dynein with bound biotinylated tubulin had decorated the microtubules. A fraction of the tubulin could be dissociated from dynein by addition of ATP and vanadate, as assayed by molecular sieve chromatography followed by densitometry of gels, suggesting that some tubulin bound to the B end of the dynein arm. Additional tubulin dissociated from the dynein under conditions of high salt. These studies, together with those indicating that tubulin blocked the A end of the dynein arm from binding to microtubules and promoted the interaction of two arms at their A ends, provide evidence that the A end of the arm also can bind tubulin. Thus, the tubulin subunits, themselves, on a microtubule rather than a particular surface lattice structure formed by adjacent protofilaments may provide the binding sites for both ends of the dynein arm.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970090205
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane IgM: Interactions with the cortical cytoskeleton in the human lymphoblastoid cell line WiL2 (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 9 (1988), S. 140-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cell surface ; cytoskeleton ; receptor-mediated endocytosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cell-surface IgM (antigen receptor) sediments with the membrane fraction following osmotic lysis and homogenization of cells of the human lymphoblastoid cell line WiL2. In nonreducing buffers, SDS PAGE analysis of membrane pellets demonstrates that “native” membrane IgM exists as a dimer. In contrast to osmotic lysis, lysis of cells with the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 releases approximately 90% of the membrane-bound IgM into the supernatant; approximately 10% of the IgM pellets with the cytoskeletal fraction on centrifugation. Ligand challenge with either m̈-chain-specific antibodies or concanavalin A induces a change in the state of membrane IgM making it refractory to detergent extraction, such that 43% of the IgM pellets during centrifugation. This ligand-induced retention of IgM is significantly diminished by the microfilament-disrupting agent cytochalasin D, whereas pretreatment of cells with sodium azide or colchicine results in no significant change in the percentage of membrane IgM retained by Triton X-100 residues. These results indicate that retention of IgM involves an association with the cortical actin-based cytoskeleton. Investigation of the structural basis for ligand-induced Triton X-100 retention of membrane IgM by using ferritin-conjugated antibodies, myosin subfragment S1, and stereo-imaging electron microscopy has revealed linkages between ligand-receptor (antigen-IgM) complexes and elements of the cortical actin-based cytoskeleton.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970090206
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