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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical properties, potential force constants, and structure of organic molecules (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1563-1565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310920
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the UASB reactor for the anaerobic treatment of stillage from sugar cane molasses (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 1710-1716 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The feasibility of applying the UASB concept for the anaerobic treatment of stillage of distilleries in the sugar producing area of Argentina was subject to study. Results obtained in a 100-L UASB reactor treating stillages with COD values between 35 and 100 g COD/L are presented. Loading rates of up to 24 g COD/L/day were applied with an average COD removal of 75% and a biogas production of more than 9 L/L/day, with an average methane content of 58%. The settling velocity distribution of sludge particles would indicate a good formation of biomass pellets. System interruptions of months without feed and at ambient temperature (20-24°C) were well tolerated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260271212
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical heterogeneity of a partially modified dextran with ethyl carbonate groups (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 135 (1985), S. 139-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine Probe von mit Ethylcarbonatgruppen teilweise modifiziertem Dextran wurde kreuz-fraktioniert. Auf der Basis von Trübungspunkt-Messungen wurden zwei Systeme gewählt: THF/Hexan und DMF/0,5 proz. wässerige NaCl-Lösungen. Die chemische Zusammensetzung (CCD) und die Molekulargewichtsverteilung (MWD) wurden den Fraktionierungsdaten entnommen. Die beobachtete chemische Heterogenität kann mit der Art des Reaktionsmechanismus von Dextran und Ethylchlorformiat korreliert werden. Die kumulativen Fraktionierungsdaten wurden nach den Zwei-Parameter-Funktionen von Tung und Wesslau angepasst.
    Notes: A sample of a partially modified dextran with ethyl carbonate groups was fractionated by cross-fractionation. Two systems THF/hexane and DMF/0.5% aqueous NaCl were selected on the basis of cloud-point determinations. The chemical composition distribution (CCD) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) curves were constructed from fractionation data. The chemical heterogeneity observed may be correlated with the pattern of reaction of dextran with ethyl chloroformate. The cumulative data were fitted by the two-parameter MWD functions of Tung and of Wesslau.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1985.051350112
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of a medium-size biological molecular association by means of a pair potential semiempirical approach: β-carboline-lumiflavin (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 6 (1985), S. 441-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The molecular association between some substituted β-carbolines and a model flavin, lumiflavin, has been studied by means of a semiempirical approach proposed by Fraga based on a 1/R expansion of atom-atom pair potentials. Only stacked minima have been considered because of their possible biological interest. The calculations characterize 15 different minimum stacked conformations, most of them occurring in the complexes considered. The structural and energetic effects of 1-Me, 6-OH and 7-OH substituents of β-carboline are discussed. An equilibrium conformation involving geometric overlap between the pteridinic portion of flavin and the indole group of β-carboline is predicted to be the most characteristic structure of the complexes. The recognition of this feature can serve to check the effect of substituents and substitution sites of β-carboline in its association complexes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540060512
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of sodium salicylate from vinyl alcohol/n-alkyl vinyl carbonate copolymers (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 186 (1985), S. 2117-2123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This study is concerned with the sodium salicylate release from thin discs of vinyl alcohol/n-alkyl vinyl carbonate copolymers into an aqueous medium under sink conditions. The drug content of the disc decreases with pseudo-first order rate initially, whereas the drug quantity released is proportional to the square root of time. Data analysis supported the latter treatment, which is in agreement with the diffusional matrix model and invalidates the pseudo-first order assumption. The diffusion coefficient D of vinyl alcohol/ethyl vinyl carbonate copolymers decreases with increasing ethyl vinyl carbonate content whilst D increases as both sodium salicylate concentration and temperature increase. The activation energy of diffusion was found to be 46,03 kJ/mol (11,00 kcal/mol).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1985.021861015
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-insoluble dextrans by grafting, 2Part 1: cf.3.. Reaction of dextrans with n-alkyl chloroformates. Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 186 (1985), S. 17-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This work deals with the modification reaction of dextran with ethyl and butyl chloroformate using tertiary amines as catalyst/acceptor systems and the DMF/LiCl system as solvent. The structure of the resulting polymers was determined by means of IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as by chemical analyses. The reaction rate was found to increase in the following order: N,N′-dimethylaniline 〈 pyridine 〈 triethylamine. The presence of cyclic carbonates was observed when triethylamine was used as catalyst. A linear dependence of the reaction rate on polymer and pyridine concentrations and a more complex dependence on the n-alkyl chloroformate concentration were found. Reaction rate and yield decrease with increasing amount of LiCl in the solvent medium and increase with increasing chain length of the n-alkyl chloroformate. The activation energy was found to be 64 kJ/mol (15,3 kcal/mol). The equilibrium water content (EWC) values decreases progressively when either the content of carbonate groups or the side chain length increases. The hydrolysis in the heterogeneous phase showed that the time required for the polymer solubilization is dependent upon the nature of the carbonate groups, the temperature as well as the pH value of the medium. Dextranase was found to be inactive in the hydrolysis of water-insoluble modified dextrans. However, the hydrolysis takes place when water-soluble modified dextrans were used.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1985.021860103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nature et stabilité des complexes métalliques de cryptands dinucléants en solution. III. Le monocycle [22]-Py2N4 (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 68 (1985), S. 840-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nature and Stability of Some Metallic Complexes of Dinucleating Cryptands in Solution III. The Monocycle [22]-Py2N4The nature and stability of complexes formed by a new 22-membered monocycle L = [22]-Py2N4 with the cations Mn+ = Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Ag+ have been determined in aqueous solutions (0.01M NaClO4, 25°) by pH-metry and also, for the copper system, by UV-absorption spectrophotometry. The stepwise protonation constants of the four amine functions of L were 9.1, 8.3, 7.1 and 3.7 logarithms units, respectively. No evidence was found for the protonation of the two pyridine nitrogen atoms. Mononuclear complexes MLn+ were identified in all systems investigated, but the dinuclear species M2L2n+ were only found with Cu2+ and Ag+. The logarithms of the overall stability constants for the copper and silver complexes are CuL2+, 12.9; Cu2L4+, 18.6; Agl+, 6.3; Ag2L2+, 10.9, respectively. Mononuclear hydroxy species MLOH(n-1)+ were identified in all systems except those of copper and silver. No dinuclear hydroxy complexes were detected. The complexing properties of L are compared to those of the large and less rigid bis-dien.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19850680404
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nature et stabilité des complexes métalliques de cryptands dinucléants en solution. I. Polyazapolyoxa macrotricycle cylindrique et monocycle constitutif (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 68 (1985), S. 456-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nature and Stability of Some Metallic Complexes of Dinucleating Cryptands in Solution. I. A Polyazapolyoxa Cylindrical Macrotricycle and its Monocyclic SubunitpH-metry and UV spectrophotometry were used to study the complexing properties of the cylindrical macrotricycle, 1,7,13,19-tetraaza-4,16-dioxa-10,22,27,32-tetraoxatricyclo[17.5.5.5]tetratriacontane (1) and of its constitutive monocyclic subunit, 1,7-diaza-4,10-dioxacyclododecane (2) with some transition and heavy metal cations (Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Ag+), in aqueous medium 0.1M Et4NClO4, at 25°. The protonation constants of the ligands as well as the nature and the stabilities of the complexes formed in the pH-regions studied were determined. The tricycle 1 only formed dinuclear M2L complexes with Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ag+, accompanied in the latter case by a protonated mononuclear MLH species, and with Cu2+ and Zn2+ at high pH-values by dinuclear hydroxo complexes. Only mononuclear complexes were evidenced with the other cations, ML being accompanied either by protonated or hydroxy mononuclear species. The mononuclear complexes of 1, when they existed, were more stable than the corresponding complexes of 2, except for cobalt which formed complexes of comparable stability with both ligands. In the other cases (Cd2+, Pb2+, Ag+), the stability differences between the complexes of 1 and 2 increased with the size of the cation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19850680219
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editor's note (1985)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 25 (1985), S. 1055-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760251702
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heteroaromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions by Phase-Transfer Catalysis- Synthesis of New Alkoxypridazin-3(2H)-ones (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1985 (1985), S. 1465-1473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Heteroaromatische nucleophile Substitutionsreaktionen durch Phasen-Transfer-Katalyse- Synthese von neuen Alkoxypyridazin-3(2H)-onenDie Synthese von einigen 4- und 5-alkoxysubstituierten Pyridazin-3(2H)-onen mit hypotensiver und β-blockierender Wirkung durch Phasen-Transfer-Katalyse aus Halogenpyridazin-3(2H)-onen wird beschrieben. Der nucleophile Austausch verläuft recht glatt in der 5-Stellung aber viel langsamer in der 4-Stellung. Im Falle von 4,5-Dihalogenpyridazin-3(2H)-onen ergibt die Phasen-Transfer-Katalyse eine hohe Regioselektivität für die Substitution in 5-Stellung.
    Notes: The synthesis of several 4- and 5-alkoxy-substituted pyridazin-3(2H)-ones with hypotensive and β-blocking activities by phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) starting from halopyridazin-3(2H)-ones is described. The nucleophilic displacement reaction proceeds easily at the 5-position and remarkably slower at the 4-position. In the case of 4,5-dihalopyridazin-3(2H)-ones the PTC methods provide a high regioselectivity towards substitution in 5-position.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198519850717
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