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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (232)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (135)
  • 1980-1984  (367)
  • 1984  (367)
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  • 1980-1984  (367)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution properties of ion-containing polymers in polar solvents (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1757-1773 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The placement of ionic groups within the molecular structure of a polymer produces marked modification in physical properties. A large number of studies have been performed on these ion-containing polymers, but few have focused on the effects of anion-cation interactions (i.e., counterion binding or ionization) on hydrodynamic volume, especially as the molecular structure of the solvent and nature of counterion are varied. In this study changes in hydrodynamic volume are followed through reduced viscosity measurements as a function of the abovementioned molecular parameters.The dilute solution properties of various polyelectrolytes that contain sulfonate and carboxylate groups were investigated as a function of the counterion structure, charge density, molecular weight, and solvent structure. The polymeric materials were selected because of their specific chemical structure and physical properties. In the first instance a (2-acrylamide-2 methylpropanesulfonic acid)-acrylamide-sodium vinyl sulfonate terpolymer was synthesized and subsequently neutralized with a series of bases. Viscometric measurements on these materials indicate that the nature of the cation affects the ability of the polyelectrolyte to expand its hydrodynamic volume at low polymer levels. The magnitude of the molecular expansion is shown to be due in part to the ability of the counterion to dissociate from the backbone chain, which, in turn, is directly related to the solvent structure. The changes in solution behaviour of these inomers lend support for the existence of ion pairs (i.e., site binding) and ionized moieties on the polymer chains. Measurements performed in a variety of solvent systems further confirm this interpretation. In addition, and acrylamide-sodium vinyl sulfonate copolymer was partially hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to study the effect of varying the charge density at a constant degree of polymerization and counterion structure. The results show that the charge density has a significant effect on the magnitude of the reduced viscosity and dilute solution behaviour. These observations, made in aqueous and nonaqueous solvents, are related to the interrelation of hydrodynamic volume, counterion concentration, and site binding. Again the controlling factor is the degree of site binding of the counterion onto the polymer backbone. Finally, we observe that the increased hydrodynamic volume affects viscosity behavior beyond the polyelectrolyte effect regime. If the average charge density on the macromolecule is relative high and/or the molecular weight is large (≥ 106) sufficient intermolecular interactions will occur to produce rapid changes in reduced viscosity.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220720
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid-crystal polymers with tolan units (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 3129-3133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new series of liquid-crystal polymers containing main-chain mesogenic units is reported. The general repeating unit is where n = 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, or 12.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170221132
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic and thermogravimetric analysis of the thermal oxidative degradation of flame-retardant polyestersIssued as NRCC no. 22961. (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 911-923 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Untreated and flame-retarded poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics have been subjected to thermogravimetric analysis in air at several heating rates between 0.1°C/min and 100°C/min. The data have been analyzed using a variety of methods to obtain kinetic parameters for the sequential stages in the thermal degradation process. The data obtained reveal that the phosphorous-only flame retardants do not significantly effect the degradation kinetics. The two bromine-containing flame retardants, however, are capable of modifying the degradation kinetics, with the Dacron 900F material being responsible for a beneficial condensed-phase effect while the TRIS-treated sample is responsible for reduced activation energies and more rapid weight loss.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290319
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polycarbonate blends with styrene/acrylonitrile copolymers (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 3131-3145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Lap shear adhesion between laminated sheets of polycarbonate and styrene/acrylonitrile copolymers exhibits a sharp maximum when the acrylonitrile content of the copolymers is in the range of 25-27% by weight. Observations of shifts in glass transitions of the two phases in melt-mixed polycarbonate/SAN blends suggest partial miscibility of one polymer in the other, and this solubility is at a maximum when the SAN copolymer has an acrylonitrile content in the same range causing maximum adhesion. Mechanical properties of injection-molded blends of polycarbonate with various SAN copolymers were also best when the acrylonitrile content was the same as that giving maximum adhesion. The partial miscibility behavior in blends as a function of acrylonitrile content of the copolymer is explained qualitatively in terms of a simple binary interaction model.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070291016
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations of water and high energy radiation interactions in an epoxy (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 311-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) have been used to study the crosslinked epoxy system tetraglycidyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane cured with diaminodiphenyl sulfone. Samples cured at various temperatures were soaked in distilled water for extended periods or irradiated with 0.5 Me V electrons and 60Co gamma. DSC results show that the standard-cured (137°C for 2 h and 160°C for 5 h) dry samples have a Tg around 190°C and a large exothermic reaction at about 260°C. The latter is attributed to further reaction of curing agent with the epoxide rings. The exothermic energy is about 124 cal/g for an uncured specimen, 42 cal/g for standard cured specimen, and 20 cal/g for soaked samples containing 4% H2O. The exothermic energy is shown to decrease monotonically with the ionizing radiation dosage. IR results show a reduction in the intensity of the epoxide band as the exothermic energy is decreased.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290129
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrylic terpolymer-PVC blends with improved properties (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 3421-3430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Adhesive sealant compositions with improved properties and enhanced outdoor resistance were prepared by blending acrylic terpolymer (AT) with PVC. The morphology of these blends was studied by SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), and DSC. The blends are heterogeneous. They consist of a continuous phase, which is either pure or mixed. AT, and a particulate phase having the morphology of the added component. The particulate phase of AT-PVC contains mixed AT. The AT-PVC blends have improved mechanical properties (e.g., ultimate tensile strength, adhesive strength, etc.). The improvement in mechanical properties is strong, probably because the added PVC has strong specific interaction capabilities with AT. Whereas the unblended AT has very low outdoor durability, the AT-PVC blends display enhanced resistance to weathering, as evidenced by substantially higher ultimate tensile strength of weathered specimens than those of the controls (unweathered).
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070291119
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oriented polyolefin laminates: A refractometry and infrared studyIssued as NRCC Report No. 22828. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 1011-1027 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A series of polypropylene-copolymer laminates produced by biaxial orientation in the 120-155°C range has been characterized by refractometry and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The copolymer was a random ethylene-propylene resin and the IR techniques included tilted-film transmission as well as internal reflection, both using polarized radiation. The IR techniques yielded spectra corresponding to the machine, transverse, and through directions. Similarly, the refractometry gave refractive indices of both components of each laminate along all three axes. Results from the three techniques were compared and contrasted and the validity of the calculated internal reflectance spectra discussed. Practical methods to estimate the source and extent of errors in the latter technique from false radiation and contact problems were explored.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220607
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonance Raman spectra of mononucleotides obtained with 266 and 213 nm ultraviolet radiation (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 2067-2081 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Resonance Raman spectra of the nucleoside 5′-monophosphates UMP, CMP, AMP, and GMP have been obtained with 266- and 213-nm radiation, the fourth and fifth harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser. The 266-nm radiation is resonant with the states giving rise to the first absorption band of the bases. The resulting spectra are in agreement with those reported previously using similar wavelength excitation but are generally of better quality. The 213-nm radiation is resonant with those states giving rise to the second strong absorption band of the bases. The spectra obtained with this wavelength show several new features relative to the 266-nm spectra, including strong enhancement of modes of the pyrimidines with a character similar to the e2g ν8 mode of benzene, relative enhancement of ring modes at 1580 and 729 cm-1 in AMP, and strong enhancement of the 1670-cm-1 C = O mode of GMP. These enhancements are discussed in terms of previously reported preresonance behavior and predicted intensities based on CNDO bond-order changes and normal-mode calculations. The results of a preliminary study of the effect of the interaction of GMP with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) on the 213-nm resonance Raman spectrum is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360231017
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvation effects on the 31P-nmr chemical shifts and infrared spectra of phosphate diesters (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 2157-2172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of organic solvents on the 31P-mr chemical shifts of various phosphate diesters have been investigated in water and mixed-organic solvent systems. The addition of organic solvents to cyclic phosphates and to diethyl phosphate causes large upfield shifts of the phosphorus resonance which are attributed to solvent-induced changes in the local hydration of the phosphodiester group. This is consistent with the fact that there is an inverse correlation between the hydrogen-bond-donating ability of the solvents and the magnitude of the shifts they induce. Other possible interpretations, such as solvent-induced ion pairing and solvent-induced conformational changes, appear to be eliminated. Fourier-transform ir study of the cyclic nucletides reveals that there are also large solvent-induced shifts in the frequency of the antisymmetric OPO stretching frequency, and a comparison of the two types of measurements indicates that there is a linear correlation between shifts observed in the ir and in the 31P-nmr spectra. With UpU, the solvent-induced 31P-nmr shifts are ∼3 times smaller than those observed with the cyclic phosphates and the solvent-induced shift of the OPO band is reduced (factor of ∼1.7) as compared with the cyclic phosphates. With the single-stranded polynuclotides, poly(C) and poly(U), the solvent-induced shifts in both the nmr and ir are quite small (∼0.1 ppm and ∼1 cm-1). The very small solvent effects observed with poly(U) and poly(C) are attributed to a combination of steric effects and a polyelectrolyte effect which maintains a high density of counterions with waters of hydration in the vicinity of the charged backbone and makes the phosphates much less susceptible to solvent-induced changes in hydration.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360231105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of formation of fibrin oligomers. III. Ligation kinetics concurrent with and subsequent to oligomer assembly (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 127-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Human fibrinogen was treated with thrombin in the presence of fibrinoligase (Factor XIIIa) and calcium ion at pH 8.5, ionic strength 0.45, and the ensuing polymerization was interrupted at various time intervals (t) both before and after the clotting time (tc) by solubilization with a solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea. Aliquots of the solubilized protein were subjected to gel electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels after disulfide reduction by dithiothreitol and on agarose gels without reduction. The degree of γ-γ ligation was determined from the former. The latter provided the size distribution of ligated end-to-end sequences produced by splitting the ligated staggered overlapped oligomers down the middle, for degrees of polymerization, x, from 1 to 10. Addition of fibrinoligase (in which the activating thrombin had been inhibited by p-nitrophenyl-p′-guanidinobenzoate, NPGB) to Kabi fibrinogen showed the presence of small amounts of ligatable oligomers. Addition of fibrinoligase to a polymerizing mixture in which the action of thrombin had been stopped before clotting by NPGB produced the same distribution of ligated end-to-end sequences that was obtained when fibrinoligase was originally present, at least for reaction times up to 0.7 of the clotting time. The kinetics of γ-γ ligation by fibrinoligase acting on a polymerized mixture stabilized by NPGB were followed. The reaction was first order in the concentration of ligatable γ-γ junctions and the initial velocity was proportional to the enzyme concentration. The time evolution of size distribution of ligated end-to-end sequences agreed with a theory based on random ligation of ligatable junctions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230110
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