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  • GEOPHYSICS  (170)
  • SOLAR PHYSICS  (78)
  • 1980-1984  (248)
  • 1983  (248)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A ground-based search for stratospheric 35-ClO was carried out using an infrared heterodyne spectrometer in the solar absorption mode. Lines due to stratospheric HNO3 and tropospheric OCS were detected at about 0.2 percent absorptance levels, but the expected 0.1 percent lines of ClO in this same region were not seen. We find that stratospheric ClO is at least a factor of seven less abundant than is indicated by in situ measurements, and we set an upper limit of 2.3 x 10 to the 13th molecules/sq cm at the 95 percent confidence level for the integrated vertical column density of ClO. Our results imply that the release of chlorofluorocarbons may be significantly less important for the destruction of stratospheric ozone (O3) than is currently thought. Previously announced in STAR as N83-27518
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 221; July 15
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Absorption features from the 8 micron SiO fundamental (upsilon = 1-0) and hot bands (upsilon = 2-1) have been observed in sunspots at sub-Doppler resolution using a ground-based tunable diode laser heterodyne spectrometer. The observed line widths suggest an upper limit of 0.5 km/s for the microturbulent velocity in sunspot umbrae. Since the silicon monoxide abundance is very sensitive to sunspot temperature, the measured equivalent widths permit an unambiguous determination of the temperature-pressure relation in the upper layers of the umbral atmosphere. In the region of SiO line formation (log P sub g = 3.0-4.5), the results support the sunspot model suggested by Stellmacher and Wiehr (1970).
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 269; June 1
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Auroral emission features at high geomagnetic latitudes are identified and characterized using simultaneous optical and particle data from the ISIS-2 satellite. Polar cap arcs are identified from two-dimensional geomagnetic transforms of the optical data along with precipitating electron data for the time at which the satellite is on the field line intersecting the arc. No precipitating protons were detected for any of the arc crossings. The precipitations particle characteristics include: (1) an electron energy spectrum with a peak in the range 350-750 eV superposed on a soft spectrum like that observed in polar rain; (2) a normally isotropic pitch angle dependence, with the exception that field-aligned fluxes are observed in association with an inverted 'v' event; and (3) an energy flux range of approximately 0.8-3 erg/(sq cm s). A possible explanation of the observed precipitating particle characteristics is that parallel electric fields are accelerating polar rain type spectra at an altitude of several thousand km.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science; 31; Feb. 198
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The spacecraft remained close to or within a previously unexplored part of the distant (60-220 earth radii) geomagnetic tail nearly continuously from January 1 to March 30, 1983. Analysis of the data reveals that all of the plasma regimes identified previously with near-earth measurements (plasma sheet, low-latitude boundary layer, plasma mantle, lobe, and magnetosheath) remain recognizable in the distant tail. These regimes, however, are found to be intermingled in a more chaotic fashion than near the earth. Within the plasma sheet at approximately 200 earth radii, typical flow velocities are about 500 km/s tailward, considerably higher than in the near-earth plasma sheet. Earthward flow within the plasma sheet is observed occasionally, indicating the temporary presence of a neutral line beyond 220 earth radii. Also found are strong bidirectional electron anisotropies throughout much of the distant plasma sheet, boundary layer, and magnetosheath.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; Sept
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A ground-based search for stratospheric 35-ClO was carried out using an infrared heterodyne spectrometer in the solar absorption mode. Lines due to stratospheric HNO3 and tropospheric OCS were detected at about 0.2% absorptance levels, but the expected 0.1% lines of ClO in this same region were not seen. We find that stratospheric ClO is at least a factor of seven less abundant than is indicated by in situ measurements, and we set an upper limit of 2.3x10 to the 13th molecules/sq cm at the 95% confidence level for the integrated vertical column density of ClO. Our results imply that the release of chlorofluorocarbons may be significantly less important for the destruction of stratospheric ozone (O3) than is currently thought.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-85026 , NAS 1.15:85026
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: NASA is proposing to launch a new geopotential fields exploration system called the Geopotential Research Mission (GRM). Two spacecraft will be placed in a circular polar orbit at 160 km altitude. Distances between these satellites will vary from 100 to 600 km. Both scalar and vector magnetic fields will be measured by magnetometers mounted on a boom positioned in the forward direction on the lead satellite. Gravity data will be computed from the measured change in distance between the two spacecraft. This quantity, called the range-rate, will be determined from the varying frequency (Doppler shift) between transmitter and receiver on each satellite. Expected accuracies (at the one-sigma level) are: gravity field, 1.0 milliGal, 5 cm geoid height; magnetics, scalar field 2 nT, vector to 20 arcsec, both resolved to less than 100 km. With these more accurate and higher resolution data, it will be possible to investigate the earth's structure from the crust (with the shorter wavelength gravity and magnetic anomalies) through the mantle (from the intermediate wavelength gravity field) and into the core (using the longer wavelength gravity and magnetic fields).
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: EOS (ISSN 0096-3941); 64; 609-611
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Initial results of studies of low-energy plasma using the light ion mass spectrometer (LIMS) on the SCATHA satellite are presented. Results are discussed primarily for plasma flux in the noon to midnight local time sector, examining the behavior of the plasma with geomagnetic activity and local time. Measurements of the ion mass composition in this region for the energy ranges of the LIMS instrument are presented. Results of temperature measurements are given and a possible explanation for the difference between the whistler and OGO 5 plasmapause positions is suggested. The observed pitch angle distributions are presented, limited to a broad characterization of the plasma population. The effects of the spacecraft potential on the low-energy plasma measurements are considered.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; Oct. 1
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: From an analysis of numerous reports from different locations on the duration of totality of the solar eclipses on January 24, 1925, and February 26, 1979, it is found that the solar radius at the earlier date was 0.5 arcsec (or 375 km) larger than at the later date. The correction to the standard solar radius found for each eclipse is different when different subsets of the observations are used (for example, edge of path of totality timings compared with central timings). This is seen as suggesting the existence of systematic inaccuracies in our knowledge of the lunar figure. The differences between the corrections for both eclipses, however, are very similar for all subsets considered, indicating that changes of the solar size may be reliably inferred despite the existence of the lunar figure errors so long as there is proper consideration of the distribution of the observations. These results are regarded as strong evidence in support of the occurrence of solar radius changes on shorter than evolutionary time scales.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 304; Aug. 11
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geological Society of America Bulletin (ISSN 0016-7606); 94; Feb. 198
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Magnetic field measurements from the first two passes of the ISEE-3 GEOTAIL Mission have been used to study the structure of the trans-lunar tail. Good agreement was found between the ISEE-3 magnetopause crossings and the Explorer 33, 35 model of Howe and Binsack (1972). Neutral sheet location was well ordered by the hinged current sheet models based upon near earth measurements. Between X = -20 and -120 earth radii the radius of the tail increases by about 30 percent while the lobe field strength decreases by approximately 60 percent. Beyond X = -100 to -1200 earth radii the tail diameter and lobe field magnitude become nearly constant at terminal values of approximately 60 earth radii and 9 nT, respectively. The distance at which the tail was observed to cease flaring, 100-120 earth radii, is in close agreement with the predictions of the analytic tail model of Coroniti and Kennel (1972). Overall, the findings of this study suggest that the magnetotail retains much of its near earth structure out to X = -220 earth radii.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; Oct. 198
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