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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (92)
  • 1980-1984  (92)
  • 1983  (92)
  • 1
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    User's guide for the Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) and the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) RUT-S and RUT-T data sets: October 31, 1978 to November 1, 1980 (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Raw data from the Solar Backscattered Ultrviolet/Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (SBUV/TOMS) Nimbus 7 operation are available on computer tape. These data are contained on two separate sets of RUTs (Raw Units Tapes) for SBUV and TOMS, labelled RUT-S and RUT-T respectively. The RUT-S and RUT-T tapes contain uncalibrated radiance and irradiance data, housekeeping data, wavelength and electronic calibration data, instrument field-of-view location and solar ephemeris information. These tapes also contain colocated cloud, terrain pressure and snow/ice thickness data, each derived from an independent source. The "RUT User's Guide" describes the SBUV and TOMS experiments, the instrument calibration and performance, operating schedules, and data coverage, and provides an assessment of RUT-S and -T data quality. It also provides detailed information on the data available on the computer tapes.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-RP-1112 , REPT-910 , NAS 1.61:1112
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Satellite data relay and platform locating in oceanography. Report of the In Situ Ocean Science Working Group (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The present and future use of satellites to locate offshore platforms and relay data from in situ sensors to shore was examined. A system of the ARGOS type will satisfy the increasing demand for oceanographic information through data relay and platform location. The improved ship navigation provided by the Global Positioning System (GPS) will allow direct observation of currents from underway ships. Ocean systems are described and demand estimates on satellite systems are determined. The capabilities of the ARGOS system is assessed, including anticipated demand in the next decade.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-85443 , NAS 1.15:85443
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Diagnosing convective instability using VAS data (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The utility of combining visible and various infrared images from the VAS to produce a forecasting tool, that can be available on a near real time basis, to predict severe weather development is shown. Areas where dry air in the midtroposphere overlays substantial moisture at low levels are used to diagnose mesoscale regions that have the potential for being convectively unstable before the onset of severe convection. Specifically, 6.7 micron water vapor imagery, used for isolating regions of substantial midlevel dryness, are combined with images of low level clouds or with split-window low level moisture images to delineate regions that have the potential for convective instability. In areas where scattered low level clouds are present, computer generated, color image combinations are used to isolate those warm, low level clouds that are in potential convectively unstable environments from clouds that exist under a deeply moist atmosphere. In clear regions, the split window technique is used for delineating areas of substantial boundary layer moisture. These images are again computer overlayed by the midlevel dryness to produce a color coded image of potential convective instability.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) Res. Rev.; p 7
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Barotropic oscillations of the Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Calculations of the periods and structures of several of the lowest barotropic free modes of oscillation of the combined Mediterranean-Adriatic Basin are presented which take into account basin morphometry, bottom topography and the earth's rotation. The numerical calculations, based on a Galerkin procedure developed by Rao and Schwab (1976), were first carried out to find the normal modes of the combined Mediterranean-Adriatic system at a resolution of 1 deg on a Mercator projection, and used to determine the mouth of the Adriatic, which was then examined on a finer grid without rotation. Comparison of the periods of the lowest gravitational modes of the Mediterranean Sea under different conditions show the most significant effect to be due to variable basin topography. Periods of 38.5, 11.4, 8.4 and 7.4 h are computed for the lowest modes of the Mediterranean Sea, while periods of 21.9, 10.7 and 6.7 h are computed for the Adriatic, in agreement with observed periods.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Tellus, Series A - Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography (ISSN 0280-6495); 35A; 417-427
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Low-level water vapor fields from the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) 'split window' channels (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A simple physical algorithm is presented which calculates the water vapor content of the lower troposphere from the 11 and 12 micron (split window) channels on the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites. The algorithm is used to analyze a time series of VAS split window radiances observed at 15 km horizontal resolution over eastern North America during a 12 hr period on 13 July 1981. Results of the color coded images of the derived precipitable water fields are found to show vivid water vapor features whose broad structure and evolution are verified by the radiosonde and surface networks. The satellite moisture fields also show significant mesoscale features and rapid developments which are not resolved by the conventional networks. The VAS split window is determined to clearly differentiate those areas in which water vapor extends over a deep layer and is more able to support convective cells from those areas in which water vapor is confined to a shallow layer and is therefore less able to support convection. It is concluded that the VAS split windows can be used operationally to monitor mesoscale developments in the low-level moisture fields over relatively cloud-free areas of the United States.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0733-3021); 22; May 1983
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Thunderstorm top structure observed by aircraft overflights with an infrared radiometer (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Thunderstorm top structure is examined with high spatial resolution radiometric data (visible and infrared) from aircraft overflights together with other storm views, including geosynchronous satellite observations. Results show that overshooting cumuliform towers appear as distinct cold areas in the high resolution, 11-micron IR aircraft images, but that the geosynchronous satellite observations significantly overestimate the thunderstorm-top IR brightness temperature, T(B), due to field of view effects. Profiles of cloud top height and T(B) across overshooting features indicate an adiabatic cloud surface lapse rate. However, one-dimensional cloud model results indicate that when comparing thunderstorm top temperature and height at different times or different storms, a temperature-to-height conversion of about 7 K/km is appropriate. Examination of mature storm evolution indicates that, during periods when the updraft is relatively intense, the satellite IR 'cold point' is aligned with the low-level radar reflectivity maximum, but during periods of updraft weakening and lowering cloud top heights, the satellite T(B) minimum occurs downwind with cirrus anvil debris. The growth period of a relatively weak cumulonimbus cluster is also examined with aircraft and satellite data.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0733-3021); 22; April 19
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Lightning activity observed in upper and lower portions of storms and its relationship to storm structure from VHF mapping and Doppler radar (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Space time mapping of very high frequencies (VHF) sources reveals lightning processes for cloud to ground (CG) and for large intracloud (IC) flashes are confined to an altitude below about 10 km and closely associated with the central high reflectivity region of a storm. Another class of IC flashes was identified that produces a splattering of small sources within the main electrically active volume of a storm and also within a large divergent wind canopy at the top of a storm. There is no apparent temporal association between the small high altitude IC flashes occurring almost continuously and the large IC and CG flashes sporadically occurring in the lower portions of storms.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: FAA Eighth Intern. Aerospace and Ground Conf. on Lightning and Static Elec.; 9 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Analysis of direct and nearby lightning strike data for aircraft (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A method for interpreting direct strike and nearby strike lightning data on aircraft is discussed. The theoretical basis for the interpretation involves a transmission line model for the aircraft, and is discussed. Results of applying this model to the F-106 aircraft are presented and in the natural resonances are computed for several different electrical representations of the aircraft. The signal processing techniques useful for extracting pole (resonance) information from experimental data are discussed, and the use of these techniques on the measured lightning data is illustrated. Finally, the results of a related ground-based lightning experiment are discussed and data are presented. The purpose of this test was to gain additional understanding of the resonance properties of the F-106 aircraft.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-172127 , NAS 1.26:172127
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Heavy thunderstorms observed over land by the Nimbus 7 scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Brightness temperatures obtained through examination of microwave data from the Nimbus 7 satellite are noted to be much lower than those expected on the strength of radiation emanating from rain-producing clouds. Very cold brightness temperature cases all coincided with heavy thunderstorm rainfall, with the cold temperatures being attributable to scattering by a layer of ice hydrometeors in the upper parts of the storms. It is accordingly suggested that brightness temperatures observed by satellite microwave radiometers can sometimes distinguish heavy rain over land.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0733-3021); 22; June 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Low level water vapor fields from the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) 'split window' channels (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The use of the 11 and 12-micron IR-radiometer channels of the VISSR Atmosphere Sounder (VAS) on the GOES to detect water vapor in the lowest 300-400 mb of the troposphere is reported. An algorithm is developed to eliminate the background temperature, allowing the calculation of precipitable water (PW) over both land and water via a single-layer radiative model. This 'split-window' method is demonstrated in a case study, covering the US on July 13, 1981. PW values were calculated from five VAS images and compared with those from radiosonde data and surface measurements. It is shown that the VAS PW images have good resolution (15 km), reveal vivid, continuously evolving details, and differentiate deep, convection-supporting layers from shallow ones. PW ranged from 1.7 to 5.5 g/sq cm (+ or - 1.0 g/sq cm), in good agreement with other measurements. Since this method can detect mesoscale water-vapor fields in relatively clear air, it is considered of great potential value for numerical forecasting.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Aerospace and Aeronautical Meteorology; Jun 06, 1983 - Jun 09, 1983; Omaha, NE
    Format: text
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