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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (16)
  • Oxford University Press  (1)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1980-1984  (17)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1983  (17)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional organization of the platelet cytoskeleton during adhesion in vitro: Observations on human and nonhuman primate cells (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 3 (1983), S. 589-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: platelet ; platelet adhesion ; cytoskeleton ; high voltage electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Adhesion of platelets in vitro resulted in rapid polymerization of the amorphous cytoplasmic ground substance into an organized cytoskeletal superstructure. This cytoskeleton, characterized through the use of whole-mount and stereo (3-D), high-voltage microscopy in conjunction with morphometrics and cytochemistry, comprised four major size classes of filaments organized in distinctive zones. The central matrix, or granulomere, at the center of the cell mass, was an ill-defined meshwork of 80-100-Å filaments which enshrouded granules, dense bodies, and elements of the dense tubular system as identified through peroxidase cytochemistry. Demarcasting this central matrix was a trabecular zone containing 30-50, 80-100, and 150-170 Å filaments in an open and rigid-appearing lattice. Circumscribing the trabecular zone and extending to the margins of the hyalomere was the third region, the peripheral web, in which 70-Å filaments were arranged in a tight honeycomb lattice. This organizational pattern was retained in cytoskeletons prepared by Triton x-100 extraction of the adherent cells, and was observed in basally located cells of aggregates which formed subsequent to adhesion. Our observations are consistent with biochemical studies of cytoskeletons prepared from suspended platelets and suggest a contractile protein composition for the superstructure during adhesion.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970030525
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR characterization of intermolecular interactions for polymers, IV. Intermolecular interactions of low molecular weight analogues for compatible blends of polystyrene and poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 650-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The intermolecular interaction, IMI, leading to the compatibility of polystyrene, PS, and poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide), PPO, has been identified by analyzing the IMI of the model compounds of low molecular weight; cumene, styrene oligomer, 2,6-dimethyl phenol, and its trimer. The IMI has been detected and identified applying Rummens' method for the analysis of the solvent-induced changes in NMR chemical shifts. The results indicate that the driving force in the formation of the compatible blend of PS and PPO is the π-hydrogen bond between the electrodeficient methyl groups in PPO and π-orbitals in PS. There were no indications that n-hydrogen bonds are formed between ring hydrogens of PS and the oxygen in PPO.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231203
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Annealing of ultra-oriented high density polyethylene extrudates (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 521-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The annealing characteristics of highly-oriented, high density polyethylene (HDPE) fibers extruded at 90°C to constant extrusion draw ratios (EDR) of 5.8 to 30 have been studied using small-(SAXS) and wide-angle (WAXD) x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal shrinkage and tensile tests. The thermal stability in macroscopic properties, such as transparency, sample dimension, and tensile modulus, remarkably increases with the sample EDR. However, the folded chain crystals within microfibrils sensitively reorganize on annealing at ≥ 110°C, even when the macroscopic properties exhibit no significant changes at high EDR's. Although the EDR has a minor effect on the reorganizability of the fold chain crystals, it has a major influence on the SAXS intensity and the extended chain crystalline component detected by WAXD for both unannealed and annealed extrudates. This specific crystalline component has an improved thermal stability and enhances the thermal stability of macroscopic properties at higher EDR. The fibers extruded at 90°C in this study and those prepared at 134°C in a prior study, exhibit significantly different melting behavior after annealing and for long period vs. EDR relationships. These facts combined with the independent observations of the effect of annealing and extrusion temperatures on the consequent long period strongly suggest that annealing during extrusion plays an important role in determining the microstructure of extrudates, especially for extrusion near the ambient melting point of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230908
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photooxidation of polystyrene: Irradiation at 254 and 365 nm (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 3227-3233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Studies have been made of the near surface photooxidation of atactic polystyrene films prepared in the absence of air. The samples were photooxidized on exposure to air at two frequencies, 254 and 365 nm, using a calibrated mercury irradiation source with filters. Most studies were made at 40°C and as a function of irradition time with the reactions characterized by changes in molecular weight and composition. The former was evaluated by gel permeation chromatography and the latter by transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and by multiple-internal-reflectance infrared spectra using different angles and different crystals to evaluate compositions as a function of film depth. Species identified in photooxidation include the generation of hydroperoxides and the appearance of carbonyl bands with the latter identified by the spectral shift asociated with the exposure of the photooxidized polystyrene surface to ammonia. These results suggest that principal products of near-surface oxidation of polystyrene are carboxylic acids.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1983.070281017
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The surface orientation of polystyrene measured by liquid contact angle (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 1439-1445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The surface contact angle of glycerol and of water on polystyrene (PS) films has been found to depend on the extent of uniaxial draw for atactic PS. The contact angle depends on direction for the smooth films of PS drawn by solid state coextrusion. Results as a function of draw ratio to values over 4 on these noncrystalline PS samples, Mw = 6 × 105, have also been interrelated with other measures of orientation such as the anisotropy of surface and bulk properties measured, respectively, by dichroic reflectance infrared spectroscopy and by birefringence.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1983.070280417
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biochemical and ultrastructural effects of tunicamycin and D-glucosamine in L1210 leukemic cells (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 114 (1983), S. 162-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Tunicamycin was found to specifically inhibit the incorporation of a number of sugars into L1210 leukemia cell glycoproteins. This inhibition of glyco-protein biosynthesis led to a cessation of cell growth which was reversible in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. After removal of the antibiotic from L1210 cell cultures resumption of sugar incorporation preceded that of thymidine incorporation and the recovery of cell growth. The treatment of cells with tunicamycin resulted in a significant increase in the intracellular pool of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine which occurred concurrently with alterations in cell ultrastructure including distentions of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membranes. Similar ultrastructural changes and increases in the intracellular pools of UDP-sugars were observed in L1210 cells exposed to 5 mM D-glucosamine, which suggested that the antiproliferative effects of tunicamycin may be related to the accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum of one or more nucleotide sugar precursors of asparagine-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis. However, the biological effects of tunicamycin could be distinguished from those caused by D-glucosamine. Exposure of L1210 cells to tunicamycin resulted in specific alterations in the biochemical composition of the plasma membrane and in the inhibition of cellular agglutination by wheat germ agglutinin which were not apparent following exposure to equitoxic concentrations of the aminosugar. These studies, together with those which demonstrated that recovery of the cellular capacity to synthesize glycoproteins was obligatory for the recovery of cellular proliferation in tunicamycin-treated cells, suggested that inhibition of the synthesis of glycoproteins was the major factor limiting L1210 leukemic cell proliferation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041140204
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density changes on drawing by solid-state extrusion of high-density polyethylene (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 21 (1983), S. 791-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.130211003
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal expansion of oriented poly(methyl methacrylate) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 21 (1983), S. 657-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The thermal expansivities along (α∥) and perpendicular (α⊥) to the draw direction of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with extrusion draw ratios 1 ≤ λ ≤ 4 have been measured between 150 and 298 K. As λ was increased from 1 to 4, α∥ decreased 2-3 times, whereas α⊥ increased only 20-35%. The orientation function f calculated from thermal expansivity using the aggregate model is found to change linearly with birefringence, indicating that each property provides a sensitive measure of molecular orientation. For PMMA, however, only thermal expansivity can give an absolute f, with results at 150 K in reasonable agreement with previous studies using other techniques. At higher temperature, i.e., above ambient, PMMA side-group motions are excited, expanding volume, and calculations based on the aggregate model may not be valid.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.180210414
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal expansivity of oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 21 (1983), S. 1427-1438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The linear thermal expansivity of poly(ethylene terephthalate) extruded at 50 and 90°C to extrusion ratios λ of 1-4.8 has been measured between 120 and 300 K. With increasing λ, the expansivity along the extrusion direction (α∥) decreases sharply, while that in the transverse direction (α⊥) shows a slight increase. For λ 〈 3, the large drop in α∥ and the accompanying increase in the axial Young's modulus E∥ can be ascribed to chain alignment in the crystalline regions and to an increase in number and tautness of intercrystalline tie chains. At higher λ, however, the crystalline orientation apparently becomes saturated, so that taut tie molecules are solely responsible for further changes in both α∥ and E∥. On the other hand, α⊥ is mainly determined by crystalline orientation for all λ, thus showing very little increase at large λ. For the highly oriented samples (λ ≥ 3), the Takayanagi model provides a reasonable description of the behavior of α∥ and α⊥.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.180210813
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-state coextrusion of poly(ethylene terephthalate). I. Drawing of amorphous PET (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 21 (1983), S. 1133-1145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Films of uniaxially oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), Mv = 81,000, have been drawn by solid-state coextrusion in the range 40-100°C surrounded by polyethylene. This is well below the PET melting temperature and in some cases below its glass transition temperature. Properties of the extrudates, such as degree of crystallinity, mechanical and thermal properties, were investigated as a function of coextrusion temperature and draw ratio (EDR ≤ 4.4). The results show that the percent crystallinity depends strongly on draw ratio, whereas its sensitivity to extrusion temperature is limited only to the highest draw ratio (4.4). On the other hand, Young's modulus was sensitive to both extrusion temperature and draw ratio, exhibiting a maximum at EDR = 4.4 and Text = 65°C. Above this temperature, moduli decrease apparently because of increased chain mobility, resulting in dissipation of chain orientation. Furthermore, changes in yield and tensile strength followed the changes in mechanical properties, suggesting that they are dominated by the same factors. The cold-crystallization temperature TCC also revealed information about the morphological changes occurring during the extrusion drawing. For samples of EDR = 4.4, TCC increased with extrusion temperature, suggesting again dissipation of orientation by thermal motions. On the other hand, TCC decreases with EDR, and a ΔTCC as high as 73°C was found. Conventional drawing of amorphous PET has been widely reported. To our knowledge this is the first time oriented PET has been prepared using the advantages of solid-state coextrusion.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.180210713
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