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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (190)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (156)
  • 1980-1984  (346)
  • 1982  (346)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 51; Sept
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A ground based search for the 856.50137/cm R(9.5) and for the 859.76765 R(12.5) transitions of stratospheric (Cl-35)O was made in the solar absorption mode using an infrared heterodyne spectrometer. Lines due to stratospheric HNO3 and tropospheric OCS were detected, at about 0.3% absorption levels. The expected lines of ClO in this same region were not detected, even though the optical depth of the ClO lines should be on the order of 0.2% using currently accepted ClO abundances. These infrared measurements suggest that stratospheric ClO is at least a factor of 7 less abundant than is indicated by indirect in situ fluorescence measurements, and the upper limit of 2.4x10 to the 13th power molecules/sq cm to the integrated column density of ClO is a factor of over 4 less than is indicted by microwave measurements. Results imply that the release of fluorocarbon precursors of ClO may be significantly less important for the destruction of stratospheric ozone than was previously thought.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-83939 , NAS 1.15:83939
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A computer automated data acquisition system for atmospheric emittance, and global solar, downwelled diffuse solar, and direct solar irradiances is discussed. Hourly-integrated global solar and atmospheric emitted radiances were measured continuously from February 1981 and hourly-integrated diffuse solar and direct solar irradiances were measured continuously from October 1981. One-minute integrated data are available for each of these components from February 1982. The results of the correlation of global insolation with fractional cloud cover for the first year's data set. A February data set, composed of one-minute integrated global insolation and direct solar irradiance, cloud cover fractions, meteorological data from nearby weather stations, and GOES East satellite radiometric data, was collected to test the theoretical model of satellite radiometric data correlation and develop the cloud dependence for the local measurement site.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-169272 , NAS 1.26:169272
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Contours and gridded values are given for seven years of monthly mean total ozone data derived from observations with the Backscattered Ultraviolet instrument on Nimbus-4 for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The instrument, algorithm, uncertainties in derived ozone and systematic changes in the bias with respect to the international groundbased ozone network of Dobson instruments, are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-RP-1098 , NAS 1.61:1098 , REPT-82F0128-VOL-1
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy is an extremely useful tool for Doppler-limited studies of atomic and molecular lines in diverse astrophysical regions. The current state of the art is reviewed, and the analysis of CO2 lines in the atmosphere of Mars is outlined. Doppler-limited observations have enabled the discovery of natural laser emission in the mesosphere of Mars and the discovery of failure of local thermodynamic equilibrium near the surface of Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Optical Engineering; 21; Mar
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: During the passage of Voyager 2 through the Saturn system, infrared spectral and radiometric data were obtained for Saturn, Titan, Enceladus, Tethys, Iapetus, and the rings. Combined Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 observations of temperatures in the upper troposphere of Saturn indicate a seasonal asymmetry between the northern and southern hemispheres, with superposed small-scale meridional gradients. Comparison of high spatial resolution data from the two hemispheres poleward of 60 deg latitude suggests an approximate symmetry in the small-scale structure, consistent with the extension of a symmetric system of zonal jets into the polar regions. Longitudinal variations of 1 to 2 K are observed. Disk-averaged infrared spectra of Titan show little change over the 9-month interval between Voyager encounters. By combining Voyager 2 temperature measurements with ground-based geometric albedo determinations, phase integrals of 0.91 plus or minus 0.13 and 0.89 plus or minus 0.09 were derived for Tethys and Enceladus, respectively. The subsolar point temperature of dark material on Iapetus must exceed 110 K. Temperatures (and infrared optical depths) for the A and C rings and for the Cassini division are 69 plus or minus 1 K (0.40 plus or minus 0.05), 85 plus or minus 1 K (0.10 plus or minus 0.03), and 85 plus or minus 2 K (0.07 plus or minus 0.04), respectively.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 215; Jan. 29
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Characteristics of an earthward movement of the magnetopause caused by the arrival of an interplanetary shockwave are derived from data acquired by the GEOS 1 spacecraft on July 29, 1977. Data were taken on electric field, plasma, magnetic field, energetic particles, and composition before, during, and after leaving the magnetopause. Correlative examinations were made with information gathered by the IMP 7, IMP 8, and ATS 6 satellites. The magnetopause was found to move earthward at 95 km/sec and had a thickness of 500 km. The existence of three different regions is postulated, one with field lines connected directly to the earth, the magnetosphere, a second, the magnetosheath, with no magnetic field line connection to the earth, and a thir; with one end of the field lines connected to the earth and the other to the interplanetary medium, called the transition region.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Aug. 1
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy provides data for isolated spectral lines with a spectral resolution which is small compared to the Doppler width. Heterodyne spectroscopy of CO2 lines near 10 micrometers was first reported for the atmosphere of Venus by Betz et al. (1976). The present investigation is concerned with observations of two absorption lines of (C-12)(O-16)2 conducted with an infrared heterodyne spectrometer interfaced with a solar telescope. The 10.8598-micrometer P(44) line was observed on the day side of Venus and the 10.3337-micrometer R(8) line was observed on the night side. It is shown that continuous opacity due to haze, and possible departures from vibrational LTE in CO2, are crucial considerations in fitting the observed lines.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 49; Jan. 198
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Three achondrites were examined for chronology, petrogenesis, and relationships among the shergotites. Isotopic and trace elements analyses were carried out through neutron activation and mass spectrometry on Shergotty, Zagami, and ALHA77005 samples. Attention was given the Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, and the Ar-39/Ar-40 ages in the samples. Evidence was detected for a shock metamorphism and a younger age of the meteorites than with most other achondrites. Depletions of the rare-earth elements were observed in Shergotty and Zagami, and to a more pronounced degree in ALHA77005. The Rb-Sr internal isochrons for all three meteorites were about 180 Myr, while the Ar-39/Ar-40 plateau ages of Shergotty and Zagami maskelynite were determined at 250-260 Myr. No precise identification of the crystallization ages was found. It is suggested that the achondrites originated in a parent body which experienced at least two epochs of sustained melting.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; 46; Nov. 198
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: During the planning stage for the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS), it was stressed that coordinated observations among various satellites and among satellite, ground-based, balloon, and rocket (GBR) experiments were essential in obtaining the required observational data base. In the course of operating the Satellite Situation Center (SSC), it was found to be desirable to assemble a problem-oriented digital data base, consisting of a large number of physical parameters obtained from satellite and GBR sensors, in a computer system which would permit a large number of scientists to manipulate, display, discuss, study and analyze the data together in a coordinated manner. It was felt that such a process might shorten the time required to gain full scientific understanding of the observations. This approach was called the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop (CDAW) process. Attention is given to the preliminary concept, the the initial implementation of the CDAW process, and aspects of subsequent evolution.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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