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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (282)
  • 1980-1984  (235)
  • 1960-1964  (47)
  • 1981  (235)
  • 1961  (47)
Collection
Publisher
Years
  • 1980-1984  (235)
  • 1960-1964  (47)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 509-519 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The deterioration of polyolefin, poly(ethylene terephthalate), and polyamide films under soil burial conditions extending up to 32 months has been investigated. Based on changes in their elongation at break, the films can be ranked in order of increasing sensitivity to degradation: Polyester ≃ polypropylene 〈 low-density polyethylene ≃ high-density polyethylene 〈 nylon 6.6. The degraded nylon 6.6 and polyethylene films were characterized by infrared and luminescence spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, as well as by wet analysis for hydroperoxides. From a comparison with the well-known oxidative sensitivity of nylon 6.6 in oxygenated water at slightly elevated temperatures, the rapid deterioration of nylon 6.6 film during soil burial was also concluded to be an oxidative process. The somewhat smaller, but significant, embrittlement of the polyethylenes studied could not be simply explained by thermal oxidation (with only trace oxidation products detectable) or microbiological attack (deterioration being unaffected by surface activation to enhance wettability).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 321-334 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Optical-absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectra for solutions, suspensions, and precipitates of poly(1,6-di-p-toluene sulfonoxy-2,4-hexadiyne) in and from nitrobenzene, acetone, and chloroform are presented. These are interpreted in terms of the occurrence of two forms of the polymer chain; a quasicrystalline form with properties close to those of single crystal polymer and a chain-extended form occurring in solution and colloidal particles, with an absorption energy of about 2.5 eV (20,000 cm-1). No evidence is found for the presence of very short polymer chains in partially polymerized monomer at low conversion. The relationship of these results to those for deformed single crystals is briefly discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 2817-2834 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermal degradation behavior of poly(1,3-phenylene isophthalamide) and poly(chloro-2,4-phenylene isophthalamide) was investigated with the aid of some appropriate model compounds. The pyrolysis products of these materials were identified by gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GC/FT-IR), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The residual chars were characterized by IR spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was applied to study the effect of end-group concentration on the degradation characteristics of the two polyamides. Kinetic parameters that describe the thermal degradation of the polyamides were also evaluated by TGA. The results of this investigation suggest that the thermal decomposition of these aromatic polyamides involves homolytic as well as hydrolytic cleavages of the amide units.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 3719-3728 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Hydrophilic three-dimensional methacrylate polymer networks (hydrogels) were prepared from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomer and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as crosslinker. The nature and states of water in these hydrogels were studied by differential thermal analysis and pulse NMR relaxation spectroscopy. The thermal studies showed no endotherm peak for ice melting in the lower water content (bound water region); there are two endotherms peaks for higher water content hydrogels near 0°C. The amounts of bound water, intermediate water, and bulklike (free) water in the hydrogels were determined from a quantitative analysis of the endotherms of the water melting transitions. The water structure ordering in the hydrogels were discussed in terms of the fusion entropy and enthalpy obtained from the endotherm. Nuclear magnetic relaxation spectroscopy was also used to understand the mobilities of the water protons in the hydrogels and the interaction of water molecules with the gel networks. The measured spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) values for water protons in the hydrogels are greatly reduced compared to that of liquid water. The measured values of spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of water protons in the hydrogels are approximately 10 times less than that of T1 and are almost constant in the region of bound water content. Beyond the bound water content region in the hydrogels, the T2 values rapidly increase as the water content increases.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 1941-1949 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The adhesive bond of allyl 2-cyanoacrylate between steel substrates has been analyzed and compared to that of ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate. Mechanical strength as well as thermomechanical, calorimetric, thermogravimetric, and dynamic mechanical response was observed. It was demonstrated that the allyl 2-cyanoacrylate bonds exhibit improved temperature resistance owing to the formation of heat-induced crosslinks in the adhesive layer, resulting in much improved lap-shear strengths. Scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surfaces showed that plastic deformation occurred in the allyl 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive after thermal aging, while interfacial and brittle failure dominated all other cases.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Investigations of the viscoelastic aspects of the mechanical behavior of polymers have been limited almost exclusively to relatively simple conditions of homogeneous stress, that is, to tension or shear loadings. In the present work a study has been made from the viscoelastic standpoint of the response of several elastomers to a much more complex type of stress distribution arising from penetration up to failure by a cylindrical indentor for a range of temperatures and rates of penetration. The failure or “puncture point” was determined by a dip in the recorded curve of load versus depth of penetration. The puncture strength values were reduced to 25°C. by applying the ratio of absolute temperatures and plotted against the logarithm of the reciprocal of the rate of penetration. These curves were then shifted on the time scale to give a master curve after the manner of Tobolsky and of Ferry. The logarithms of the shift factors thus obtained were related to the reciprocal of the absolute temperature over the range studied. The results indicate a broader generality for the viscoelastic principle of time-temperature equivalence than has usually been supposed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 527-533 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A system is described for automatic collection of stress-strain data for polymeric films on magnetic tape for subsequent automatic data reduction and computation of a variety of stress-strain parameters. Two shaft analog-to-digital encoders attached to a conventional tensile tester feed digital information to an incremental pulse recorder which stores all stress and strain data in two channels on 0.625-in. magnetic tape. Specimen information and test constants are inserted by the operator through a keyboard located at the tensile tester. The tape is subsequently fed into a standard digital computer through a special incremental pulse magnetic tape reader. The data pulses are internally stored and converted by means of a special program into eight significant stress-strain parameters for polymeric film samples, plus averages and standard deviations for groups of replicate determinations. These parameters include: corrected length of specimen, initial maximum tensile modulus, offset yield stress, strain at break, strain at maximum stress, maximum tensile stress, tensile stress at break, and work to break. While the program described applies to polymer film testing, both it and the digital recording equipment accessories are applicable with suitable modification, to any analog experimental data. Significant savings in man-hours and increased information output result from use of this system.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 141-147 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A carboxylic elastomer based on butadiene, styrene, and methacrylic acid was polymerized and neutralized to form an ionomeric network I. Sequential IPNs were formed by synthesizing in situ polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene as network II. Annealing studies were carried out, with and without reacidification, to ascertain the role played by ionic crosslinks in influencing morphology and mechanical behavior. Finally, the product is reneutralized, resulting in are arranged, relaxed structure. Ionic crosslinks in polymer I provide an in situ decrosslinking mechanism which permits molecular rearrangements to be induced. By annealing the material, a more cocontinuous phase morphology with concomitant modulus increases is attained. This investigation suggests an alternative method of inducing dual phase continuity in multipolymer combinations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 177-192 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) are combinations of two physically crosslinked polymers. Thermoplastic IPNs were prepared by combining polymer I, an SEBS triblock elastomer with polymer II, an ionomer prepared from a random copolymer of styrene, methacrylic acid, and isoprene (90/10/1 by volume). Neutralization of the acid groups to form the ionomer was carried out on a Brabender Plasticorder. Two subclasses of the thermoplastic IPNs were identified. Chemically blended systems, prepared by a sequential polymerization method, were compared with compositionally equivalent mechanically blended systems prepared by melt blending the separately synthesized polymers. The chemically blended thermoplastic IPNs (CBT IPNs) exhibited lower melt viscosities than compositionally equivalent mechanically blended thermoplastic IPNs (MBT IPNs). Moreover, the melt viscosities of many of the CBT IPNs were even lower than that of either homopolymer component, leading to an explanation in terms of an unusually low value of the rubbery modulus front factor. Although both types of thermoplastic IPNs underwent a phase inversion during neutralization of polymer II, the phase inversions were often incomplete. Morphological studies revealed that more equal dual phase continuity existed in the MBT IPNs than in the CBT IPNs after ionomer formation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 3487-3491 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A solution blend of poly(vinyl chloride) and a segmented poly(ether ester) and blends containing these two polymers plus poly(methyl acrylate) were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis and electron microscopy. The binary blend, which contained 75% by weight of the poly(ether ester), showed only one loss peak, but also evidence of some phase separation. It is believed that the polyether sequences of the poly(ether ester) are extensively mixed with poly(vinyl chloride). Poly(methyl acrylate) was added to spread the damping range and produce a material of potential use as an acoustic damper. It is evident from both electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis that poly(methyl acrylate) is substantially incompatible in the other polymers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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