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  • Articles  (283)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (238)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (45)
  • 1980-1984  (283)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1940-1944
  • 1980  (283)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mean free path for inelastic scattering of 1.2 kev electrons in thin poly(methylmethacrylate) films (1980)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 2 (1980), S. 5-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mean free paths for inelastic scattering (λ) of low energy electrons in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) have been determined by measuring Al Kα excited C 1s and Si 2s photoelectron signal intensities as a function of ellipsometrically determined thicknesses of PMMA overlayers on silicon substrates. The λ values obtained are 29 ± 4 Å for 1196 eV electrons and 33 ± 5 Å for 1328 eV electrons. These data are necessary for the quantitative analysis of the surface region of PMMA and similar polymers by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The magnitude of the λ values determined indicates that XPS measurements can provide chemical information about the surface region of polymers, such as PMMA, in the depth range of ∼6 to 100 Å. The results of this study are compared and discussed with respect to λ values determined for other organic compounds.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740020103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple viscometric test for number average and weight average molecular weight of 12.6% N pyro nitrocellulose (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 5 (1980), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the poor solvent acetone/ethanol the viscosity of a 3% solution of 12.6% N pyro nitrocellulose is found to be related to the geometric mean of the number average and weight average molecular weights. The fractional increase in the viscosity of such a solution on the addition of lead ß-resorcylate is a function only of number average molecular weight. Once calibration has been made against osmotic pressure measurements and intrinsic viscosity, both number and weight average may be measured rapidly with an accuracy which is no less than that of the osmotic pressure and intrinsic viscosity measurements themselves.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19800050502
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physarum myosin light chain binds calcium (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Physarum polycephalum ; myosin light chains ; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; calcium ; cytoplasmic streaming ; actomyosin ATPase regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Myosin from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum contains three sizes of polypeptides: a heavy chain and two light chains, LC-1 and LC-2. Using a simple qualitative test for calcium binding by comparing electrophoretic migration of the polypeptides in sodium dodecy1 sulfate (SDS) acrylamide gels in the presence and absence of calcium, we have found that Physarum myosin light chain LC-2 migrates with an apparent molecular weight of 16,900 daltons in the presence of the metal ion chelator ethylene glycol bis (B-aminoethyl ether) N,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). However, if calcium chloride is added to the sample prior to electrophoresis, the apparent molecular weight decreases to 16,100. Lanthanide and cadmium ions, but not magnesium, can substitute for calcium. Because the ionic radii of Ca2+, La3+, and Cd2+ are almost identical, we conclude that Physarum myosin LC-2 possesses a very size-specific binding site for calcium. Physarum myosin LC-1 and the heavy chain give no evidence for binding calcium by this test. Since cytoplasmic streaming in the plasmodium of Physarum requires calcium, our evidence indicates that the calcium-binding property of Physarum myosin LC-2 may be important in regulating the production of force by actomyosin in the ectoplasm. Unexpectedly, the myosin light chain in Physarum capable of binding calcium, LC-2, is the essential light chain, while LC-1 is a member of the regulatory class of myosin light chains [V. T. Nachmias, personal communication]. Until now, essential myosin light chains have not been shown to have high affinity divalent cation binding sites. This means a new version of the myosin-based model for actomyosin regulation by calcium may be required to explain cytoplasmic movement in Physarum, and perhaps in other motile systems involving cytoplasmic myosins as well.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meeting report (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010112
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functionalization of polymer supports for polymerization catalysts by graft polymerization method (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 349-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The specific features of the gas-phase radiation-induced and plasma-initiated graft polymerization of certain monomers possessing the functionality needed for immobilization of transition metal compounds were studied. The radiation yields of allyl monomers grafted to polyethylene, polypropylene, and poly(vinyl chloride) (5-25 molecules/100 eV) were found to be close to the radiation yields of the polymerization of these monomers in a liquid state. The kinetics of methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid postgrafting to polyethylene pretreated with helium discharge plasma were also studied. The graft-initiating effect of PE powder treated with plasma for 5-10 min was found to be comparable with that of γ-irradiation in a dose 0.5-4 Mrad. The results of immobilization of transition metal compounds [TiCl4, VCI4, VO(OC2H5)3, Ti(OC4H9)4, etc.] on carriers prepared by the method of polymer support functionalization by grafting are described. The extent of completion of the immobilization reaction is found to vary from 0.1 to 0.96 and to depend both on the nature of the transition metal and on the specificity of the grafted fragments.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250302
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in nonisothermal rheology: Behavior near the glass transition temperature and in the oriented glassy state (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 575-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: As part of a continuing study of nonisothermal rheology (meaning the simultaneous application of strain and temperature changes), we here consider the behavior of polystyrene near the glass transition temperature Tg. In particular, we measured the increase of the apparent Tg as the cooling rate is increased from 0.003 to 4.5°C/sec. This change (up to 16°C increase) has both practical and theoretical implications. For enhancing the mechanical properties of a glassy product, one desires maximum orientation (stress) just prior to quenching; the optimum deformation/temperature strategy for maximizing stress is affected by the level of Tg. By using a nonisothermal strategy we were able to produce higher frozen-in orientations, and thus higher mechanical properties, than have been previously reported. For a theoretical understanding of the rubbery state just prior to quenching, we used the generalized time-temperature superposition of our prior work; we found that a modified shift factor of the form aT(T,TRg), where TRg refers to a rate-dependent Tg, gives an improved fit to data but is not by itself adequate.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trans-gauche rotational isomers in partially oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibersIssued as NRCC #18317. (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1505-1507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250723
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A similarity criterion of the optimal process in melt spinning (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1165-1178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Experimental and simulation studies of optimization of the melt spinning process were carried out for nylon 6 fibers. The experiment and process simulation demonstrated that one criterion that can be applied in scaling up an optimized melt spinning process is to achieve the similar real time history of temperature and deformation rate in the spinway. Some aspects of the experiments and process simulation are discussed, together with the results of real time history analysis for a case of nylon 6 spinning.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250619
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpretive nonlinear viscoelasticity: Dynamic properties of nylon 6, nylon 66, and nylon 12 fibers (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2063-2104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nonlinear response of nylon 6, nylon 66, and nylon 12 fibers to sinusoidal straining under relatively large strain amplitude is analyzed in terms of the changes in properties during the straining, i.e., the change in modulus, change in internal friction and change in structure which involves energy release or absorption in straining. Modulus generally increases with strain but it decreases with increase of strain amplitude, the effect of strain amplitude being largest with nylon 6 and smallest with nylon 66. Mechanical loss increase with the increase of strain amplitudes in nonlinear manner, and the magnitude of change is largest with nylon 66 and smallest with nylon 6. During the extension phase, structural change occurring in nylon 6 is predominantly an increase in order or orientation while that with nylon 66 is crack opening or cavitation. Various aspects of the experiments and analysis of the data are described in detail.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250920
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penetration-sorption of cotton fibers measured by immersed weight (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2229-2234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Weight of cotton immersed in an aqueous solution (various concentrations of NaOH) was explored as a basis for assessing penetration and sorption of the solute. The overall effects of swelling are indicated. Penetration and sorption phenomena can be identified with supplementary information, but they cannot yet be quantified. This methodology supplements and complements gel filtration as a means of measuring interactions between solutes in aqueous solution and cellulose fibers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070251010
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