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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyene sequence distribution in degraded poly(vinyl chloride) as a function of the tacticity (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 180 (1979), S. 2937-2945 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Four fractions of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) having appreciably different tacticity distributions were prepared by selective extractions on samples polymerised at temperatures between +60 and -50°C. They were degraded thermally at 180°C in the solid state to conversions in the range 0,2 to 0,5% and in solution at 200°C to conversions in the range 1,6 to 5%. The polyene sequence distribution was investigated by ultra violet/visible (UV/VIS) and resonance Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the type of polyene sequence distribution depends markedly on the tacticity distribution of the polymer. Cross-linking reactions occur more readily as the syndiotacticity increases. The results are discussed and interpreted with reference to previous work relating degradation processes and tacticity.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1979.021801215
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoklavenanlage für Oxidation und Korrosion von Materialien mit Hochdruckwasser (1975)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 703-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Autoclave arrangement for oxidation and corrosion tests of materials in pressurized waterThe authors describe an arrangement with an autoclave for corrosion and oxidation tests in pressurized water and steam. The autoclave has been conceived for a pressure of 250 bar at 500 °C. It is equipped with four locks enabling the specimens to be exchanged during operation without any markable influence on the working conditions. The aggressive medium can be exchanged continuously at a rate of 2,5 l/h. In addition to pressure and temperature controls the arrangement is equipped with a water quality control system.
    Notes: Es wird eine Autoklavenanlage für Korrosions-und Oxidationsuntersuchungen mit Hochdruckwasser bzw. Wasserdampf beschrieben. Die Auslegungsdaten des Autoklaven sind 250 bar bei 500 °C. Der Autoklav besitzt 4 Schleusen, über die während des Betriebes ein Probenwechsel ohne größeren Einfluß auf die Betriebsbedingungen möglich ist. Das korrodierende Medium kann kontinuierlich mit einer max. Rate von 2,5 l/h ausgetauscht werden. Neben der Druck- und Temperaturkontrolle ist eine Überwachung der Wasserqualität vorgesehen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19750260906
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of the tacticity on thermal degradation of PVC. II. New results obtained with fractionated polymers (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 45 (1975), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bei 40, 0 und -50°C hergestellte PVC-Proben wurden nach verschiedenen Methoden fraktioniert. Die Fraktionen wurden durch Viskositätsmessungen und IR-Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Der thermische Abbau der Fraktionen wurde bei 175, 180 und 185°C durch fortlaufende Messung des abgespaltenen Chlorwasserstoffs in einem Leitfähigkeitsapparat untersucht. Die kinetischen Ergebnisse und die Spektren der Proben zeigen, daß die syndiotaktischen Sequenzen die Ursache für den schnellen Abbau sind und daß dabei lange Polyensequenzen entstehen, wie schon früher bei unfraktionierten Polymeren ermittelt wurde.
    Notes: PVC samples prepared in bulk at 40, 0, and -50°C were fractionated by different methods. The samples were characterized by viscosimetric measurements and by IR spectroscopy in order to determine the tacticity. The thermal degradation of the samples was studied at 175, 180, and 185°C by means of continuous measuring of the evolved HCl in a conductivity apparatus. From the kinetic results and the UV-visible spectra recorded on equally degraded samples follows that syndiotactic sequences give rise to high degradation rates as well as to long polyene sequences in agreement with results previously obtained with unfractionated polymers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1975.050450113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the molecular weight on thermal degradation of fractionated PVC (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 46 (1975), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein technisches PVC und eine andere in Substanz bei 40°C hergestellte Probe wurden nach der Lösungsmethode mit Methanol-Cyclohexanon-Gemischen fraktioniert. Beide Polymere geben Fraktionen mit gleicher Taktizität, aber verschiedenen Molekulargewichten. Der thermische Abbau wurde bei 175, 180 und 185°C durch fortlaufende Bestimmung des abgespaltenen HCl in einem Leitfähigkeitsapparat untersucht. Je niedriger das Molekulargewicht ist, desto größer ist die Abbaugeschwindigkeit; dies gilt aber nur für Polymere mit Molekulargewichten bis etwa 60 000 oder 90 000; oberhalb dieser Werte ist die Abbaugeschwindigkeit vom Molekulargewicht unabhängig. Die Spektren der Proben mit dem gleichen Abbauumsatz zeigen, daß die Verteilung der Polyensequenzen gleich ist und daher nicht vom Molekulargewicht beeinflußt wird.
    Notes: A commercial PVC and another one prepared in bulk at 40°C were fractionated by means of fractional solution method using cyclohexanone-methanol mixtures. Both fractionations resulted in two sets of fractions. Their thermal degradation at 175, 180 and 185°C was followed by means of a conductivity cell which allows a continuous titration of the evolved HCl. The results showed that the lower the molecular weight the higher the degradation rate was; nevertheless, this relationship is only valid up to molecular weights of 60 000 to 90 000, from which the degradation rate appeared to be independent on the molecular weight. The UV-visible spectra of the degraded polymers suggest a similar polyene sequence distribution for all the fractions which accounts for a similar mechanism of degradation in contrast to what happens to fractions with different tacticity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1975.050460108
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of the tacticity on thermal degradation of PVC. III. Verification by ozonization of degraded samples (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 75 (1979), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mit abgebauten PVC-Proben verschiedener Taktizitäten wurden zwei Reihen Ozonolysereaktionen mit 1 und 24 h durchgeführt. Bei der Ozonolyse wurde die Verteilug der Polyensequenzlängen durch UV-Vis-Spektroskopie verfolgt. Die Kettenspaltungszahl der analysierten Proben wurde durch Bestimmung des Molekulargewichtes vor und nach der Ozonolyse berechnet.Die beobachtete Zunahme der kürzeren Polyensequenzen im Vergleich zu längeren Polyensequenzen bei der Ozonolyserektion hängt von den syndiotaktischen Sequenzen ab. Es wurde andererseits gefunden, daß bei PVC die Zahl der Kettenspaltungen nach der vollständigen Ozonolyse um so kleiner ist, je größer der Anteil von taktischen Sequenzen ist.
    Notes: Two sets of ozonization reactions, for 1 h and 24 h respectively, have been carried out at -20°C on degraded samples of PVC having different contents of tactic sequences. The evolution of the polyene sequences distribution with the ozonization was followed by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The number of chain scissions of ozonized samples was calculated from the number average molecular weight measurements before and after ozonization.The observed increase of short polyenes relative to the long polyenes with ozonization was found to depend markedly on the content of syndiotactic sequences. On the other hand, the number of chain scissions after total ozonization was found to be the higher the lower the content of tactic sequences in PVC samples is.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1979.050750116
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamine metabolism in a rat brain tumor cell line: Its relationship to the growth rate (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 86 (1975), S. 511-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: To investigate whether the metabolism of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine is related to cellular growth rate, we have measured the activities of L-ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase as well as the levels of the polyamines in rat brain tumor cells at various stages of a 7-day in vitro growth period and correlated them with the continuous changes in specific growth rate ([dN[t]/dt]/N[t]). L-Ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase both exhibited their maximal activities at the time of most rapid growth. A high positive correlation between the activities of these enzymes and the specific growth rate of the tumor cells during the entire growth period was demonstrated statistically. The pattern of fluctuation of the spermidine content during the culture cycle was similar to those of the enzyme activities and likewise showed a high positive correlation with the specific growth rate of the tumor cells during the entire growth period. The putrescine content exhibited a low positive correlation, whereas the spermine content exhibited a somewhat higher, but negative correlation with the specific growth rate.The high correlation between the specific growth rate of the tumor cells and the synthesis of the polyamines indicates that these events are primarily associated with processes involved in cell replication. Putrescine and spermidine are thought to participate in the regulation of cellular growth rate; a high content may augment, and a low content may restrain, cellular growth rate.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040860308
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrenesulfonyl azide as a fluorescent label for the study of protein-lipid boundaries of acetylcholine receptors in membranes (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 327-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: AcChR-enriched membranes ; pyrenesulfonyl azide ; fluorescent probes ; photolabeling ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Acetylcholine receptor (AcChR) enriched membrane fragments from Torpedo californica electroplax were labeled by in situ photogenerated nitrenes from a hydrophobic fluorescent probe, pyrene-1-sulfonyl azide. Preferential photolabeling of membrane proteins, mainly AcChR, has been achieved and there is a pronounced exposure of the 48,000 and 55,000 molecular weight subunits of AcChR to the lipid environment of the membrane core.Covalent attachment of the photogenerated fluorescence probe does not perturb the α-neurotoxins' binding properties of membrane-bound AcChR or the desensitization kinetics induced by prolonged exposures to cholinergic agonists. Non-covalent photoproducts can be conveniently removed from labeled membrane preparations by exchange into lipid vesicles prepared from electroplax membrane lipids. Fluorescence features of model pyrene sulfonyl amide derivatives, such as fine vibrational structure of emission spectra or fluorescence lifetimes, are highly sensitive to the solvent milieu. The covalently bound probe shows similar fluorescence properties in situ. PySA photoproducts have great potential to spectroscopically monitor neurotransmitter induced events on selected AcChR subunits exposed to the hydrophobic environment of membranes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some peculiarities in the cationic polymerization of 2-vinylfurans (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 13 (1975), S. 385-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.130130702
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