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  • Chemical Engineering  (109)
  • 1980-1984  (70)
  • 1975-1979  (39)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1983  (70)
  • 1979  (39)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 625-631 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mixed oxide system of copper and tin and the active single oxide, Cu2O, were compared for reducibility of the copper ion, relative number and type of active sites, and reaction kinetics. The enhanced selectivity of the mixed oxides may result from the formation of highly selective sites at the expense of less selective sites. The reducibility of the copper ion in the mixture is influenced by the oxidation state of the tin ion. The reactant and product reaction orders are the same for both catalysts but the mixed oxides are more sensitive to inhibition by water. The catalyst composition affects the energetics of the reaction over the copper-tin oxide catalysts.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 281-289 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: By considering reaction and diffusion through a product layer and concomitant movement of pore and reaction surfaces, a general rate equation is derived for fluid-solid reactions. Application to the random pore model extends the prior results (Bhatia and Perlmutter, 1980, 1981a) to account for nonlinear concentration gradients in the product layer, by assuming that the product is deposited as overlapping cylindrical annulae. For the Petersen (1957) model, new results are derived which account for product layer diffusion. A comparison of numerical conversion-time predictions from the grain model (Szekely et al., 1976), the Petersen model, and the random pore models suggests that they are more strongly affected by the representation of the reaction surface than by that of the pore surface. The model is applied to the data of Borgwardt (1970) on the SO2-lime reaction, and the results are compared with a previous interpretation using a linear concentration gradient approximation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 172-173 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 298-306 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A population balance approach is used to model solid phase reactions in terms of nuclei of the product phase dispersed in the reactant matrix. A conversion-time relationship is obtained by the solution of a set of moment equations derived from the population balance. Some previously known solutions for both homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation are developed by this approach to demonstrate the relative ease of solution when compared with previously used integral techniques. A model for nucleus impingement at low conversions is formulated and applied to published data on the oxidation of cuprous iodide to illustrate the practical use of this technique. The classical Avrami model (Avrami, 1939, 1940, 1941) is modified to include the initial volume of a nucleus, and it is shown that insensitivities in the original model are removed by this improvement. The need for direct measurements of nucleation and growth rates is emphasized.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 773-781 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A series of seven coals of different ranks and from various locations were heated in air under relatively mild conditions to measure the rates of oxidation and the production of carbonic gases in the effluent stream. The gas flow rate, coal particle size, and reactor temperature were changed as independent variables. Each sample was exposed for from 6 to 9 hr under atmospheric pressure at temperatures in the range of 200° to 250°C. The results show two kinds of rate behavior depending primarily on the relative porosity of the coal under study. The small pore coals followed the expectations of the earlier Kam-Hixson-Perlmutter (KHP) model, but the large pore coals gave rates sensitive to transport effects. Correlations were also obtained on the ratio of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide produced and on the relationship between the carbon content of an exposed coal and its heating value.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 79-86 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of reaction between CO2 and lime is investigated in the range of 673 to 998 K with a view to examining the effects of product layer deposition and variations in the limestone calcination atmosphere. The reaction is initially rapid and chemically controlled and goes through a sudden transition to a much slower regime controlled by diffusion in the product CaCO3 layer. The magnitude of the estimated product layer diffusivity is in the range of 10-18 to 10-21 m2/s, the corresponding activation energy is 88.9 ± 3.7 kJ/mol below 688 K and 179.2 ± 7.0 kJ/mol above that temperature, suggestive of solid state diffusion. Plausible mechanisms are discussed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new apparatus to measure partition coefficients Ks∞ at infinite dilution up to 200 105 Pa and 423 K is described. Measurements of the systems: (1) methane-ethane-n-decane and methane-propane-n-decane at 294.25 K; and (2) methane-n-butane-n-decane at 344.25 K illustrate the reproducibility and good agreement with literature data. In addition, new data were obtained for the system methane-n-pentane-n-decane at 344.25 K up to 101 105 Pa.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 806-812 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The reaction kinetics and physical transport processes governing the thermal dehydration of solid K2CO3·3/2H2O particles were investigated. Isothermal reaction rate data were gathered using a thermogravimetric balance in which narrowly-sized K2CO3·3/2H2O crystals were dehydrated under a water vapor atmosphere at different pressures and temperatures. The magnitudes of the heat and mass transfer resistances external to and within the solid product were estimated from solutions of the relevant pseudosteady-state transport equations. In the temperature range 320 to 358 K, the vacuum dehydration of K2CO3·3/2H2O crystals smaller than 710 μm (-25 +30 mesh) are accurately modeled by the spherical shrinking-core equation for the chemical rate control regime. In the presence of water vapor, external heat transfer to the particles was sufficient to prevent significant self-cooling; heat and mass transfer resistances within the particles were negligible. The activation energy for K2CO3·3/2H2O dehydration is approximately 91 kJ/mol in vacuum; the reaction becomes extremely slow at relative pressures (P/Peq) 〉 0.35.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 4 (1983), S. 32-39 
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The fatigue behavior of injection-molded tensile bars of short-fiber-reinforced theromplastics is described and related to the fatigue behavior of the matrices and the strength of the fiber/matrix interface. A brittle matrix system based on polyphenylene sulfide is shown to behave in a similar manner to long-fiber composites. Glass-fiber reinforcement in this matrix gives fatigue sensitivity that correlaes with that of unimpregnated glass fiber strands, while carbon-fiber rein-forcement gives better fatigue resistance. A well-bonded, due-tile matrix system based on nylon 6,6 gives matrix-controlled fatigue sensitivity. Fatigue data for glass- and carbon-fiber-reinfoced nylon 6,6 superimpose on the matrix fatigue data when normalized by the ultimate tensile strength. Another ductile matrix, polyetherther ketone, is very fatigue-resistant, but its composite progressively loses its reinforcing effect in fatigue, apparently due to interface failure. A transitional matrix, polysulfone, shifts from ductile to fatigue-crack-dominated failure as the cyclic stress is reduced. Its composites show an analogous failure mode shift, and the high cycle-fatigue response is correlated with fatigue-crack-growth data.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 4 (1983), S. 40-46 
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Research in the past eight years has established the ability of polymer composites made with sufficient electrical conductivity to be suitable as shields against electromagnetic interference (EMI). A number of conductive fillers have been used to produce such composites. These include carbon black, carbon fibers, metal fibers, metal flakes, and metal-coated glass fibers. Each filler offers its own set of advantages and disadvantages. An important aspect of developing polymeric composites for EMI shielding applications is measuring their shielding ability in areliable, easy-to-use test facility. Once a reliable test has been developed, basic data relating the bulk conductivity (or surface conductivity of coatings) can be generaated. The objective of this article is to discuss the relative utility of the different types of fillers commonly used, present an analysis of the utility of different testing approaches, and show data correlating volume resistivity with shielding effectiveness.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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