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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (74)
  • SPACE VEHICLES
  • 1975-1979  (74)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1978  (74)
  • 1
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    Interplanetary propagation of flare-associated energetic particles (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A propagation model which combines a Gaussian profile for particle release from the sun, with interplanetary particle densities predicted by focused diffusion, was proposed to explain the propagation history of flare associated energetic particles. This model, which depends on only two parameters, successfully describes the time-intensity profiles of 30 proton and electron events originating from the western hemisphere of the sun. Generally, particles are released from the sun over a finite interval. In almost all events, particle release begins at the time of flare acceleration.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-79534
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    The velocity distribution of interstellar gas observed in strong UV absorption lines (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observations of three strong interstellar UV absorption lines of N I (1199 A), N II (1083 A), and Si III (1206 A) in 47 stars of widely varying distance and a variety of spectral types are analyzed to obtain a velocity distribution function for the interstellar gas. A technique based on the maximum and minimum velocities observed along a line of sight is adopted because of heavy line blending, and results are discussed for both power-law and exponential distribution functions. The expected distribution of radiative-phase supernova remnants (SNRs) in the interstellar medium is calculated as a function of SNR birthrate and of the interstellar density in which they evolve. The results are combined with observed distance estimates, and it is shown that an interstellar density in excess of 0.1 per cu cm would be required to keep the SNRs sufficiently confined so that their cross sections are consistent with the observed number of components. The alternative possibility is considered that SNRs do not enter the radiative phase before escaping from the Galaxy or colliding with neighboring remnants.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 223
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Intermediate-velocity gas in the local interstellar medium (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Scans of interstellar ultraviolet absorption lines of N I, N II, and Si III for 17 stars are combined with previously published data for 30 stars. The extremal velocities at which detectable absorption occurs are tabulated, and it is shown that these are correlated for the three species. The data suggest that intermediate-velocity gas (20 to 60 km/s), best known from Na I and Ca II absorption, contains both neutral and ionized hydrogen. Features characteristic of intermediate-velocity isothermal shocks (greater than 60 km/s) are conspicuously rare. The intermediate-velocity gas may be in the form of clouds containing both H I and H II regions or of radiative shocks propagating in the interstellar medium; in the latter case the gas should be detectable in H-alpha emission.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 220
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Refractory grain destruction in low-velocity shocks (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Recent abundance determinations in intermediate-velocity clouds near the Orion association have shown that silicon abundances may be nearly cosmic even in clouds with a velocity as low as 40 to 50 km/sec. It is argued that grain destruction in radiative shocks traveling perpendicular to the magnetic field may be much more effective than was previously considered. The destruction mechanism consists of acceleration of the gyromotion of the grains about their drift center owing to magnetic field compression, followed by sputtering of the high-velocity grains by He and (CNO) atoms. It is found that MgSiO3 grains may be almost fully destroyed in shocks of velocity greater than 80 km/sec and graphite grains substantially destroyed at shock velocities of 100 km/sec.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 225
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Time-dependent spherically symmetric accretion onto compact X-ray sources (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Analytical arguments and a numerical hydrodynamic code are used to investigate spherically symmetric accretion onto a compact object, in an attempt to provide some insight into gas flows heated by an outgoing X-ray flux. It is shown that preheating of spherically symmetric accretion flows by energetic radiation from an X-ray source results in time-dependent behavior for a much wider range of source parameters than was determined previously and that there are two distinct types of instability. The results are compared with observations of X-ray bursters and transients as well as with theories on quasars and active galactic nuclei that involve quasi-spherically symmetric accretion onto massive black holes. Models based on spherically symmetric accretion are found to be inconsistent with observations of bursters and transients.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 226
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    HEAO observations of X-ray bursts from MXB1730-335 (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The March 18, 1978 burst activity of the rapid burster MXB 1730-335 was studied by examining 58 minutes of quick-look data for the A2 and A4 experiments on HEAO 1. Very large, moderately sized, and small bursts are characterized. Type II bursts were found to show a spectral softening during burst decay. The existence of flux was sought in the 85-160 keV energy range, and it was found that the large type II bursts contain less than 5% of their total X-ray energy in this range. The implications of the lack of a hard X-ray flux with respect to accretion instability models of X-ray bursts are considered.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 276; Dec. 7
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    NH3 in IRC plus 10216 (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Ammonia was detected in the circumstellar envelope of IRC +10216 by means of three infrared absorption lines in the nu sup 2 band around 950/cm. The lines are fully resolved at a resolution of 0.22 km/sec and indicate that most of the circumstellar gas is accelerated to expansion velocities around 14 km/sec within a few stellar radii. The NH3 profiles indicate a rotational temperature between 400 and 700 K, and H2 density between 10 to the 8th power/cu cm and 10 to the 10th power/cu cm, and NH3 column density of 10 to the 17th power/sq cm. The H2 density indicates that the mass of the circumstellar envelope within a 1 arcsec radius is approximately 0.1 solar masses.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-157921
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    The acceleration of high-velocity clouds in supernova remnants (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Interstellar clouds passed by blast waves emanating from supernova explosions will be accelerated by the ram pressure of the expanding interior shocked gas. We present numerical and analytical solutions for cloud acceleration in this environment, comparing the results with recent observations of faint, high-velocity (greater than 100 km/sec) filaments observed in Cygnus and Vela. Photons from the conductive interface between the clouds and the surrounding medium can provide the ionizing flux necessary for observable optical emission. Several predictions are made, the most important of which is that fast clouds of neutral hydrogen with column densities of about 10 quintillion per sq cm should be observable in 21 cm studies of SNRs.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 219
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Detection of a weak maser emission pedestal associated with the SiO maser (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Results are reported for high-spectral-resolution observations of the v = 1, J = 1-0 SiO maser sources at 43,122.027 MHz (6.95 mm wavelength) associated with the variable stars Omega Cet, NML Tau, VY CMa, R Leo, W Hya, VX Sgr, NML Cyg, and R Cas. A weak underlying maser emission pedestal is clearly observed in the spectra of all but NML Cyg and R Cas. The data indicate that the underlying pedestal of SiO emission appears to originate in a shell-like region around the star, has a thermal appearance even though it must be due to weak maser emission, and appears to be part of the spectral signature of SiO maser emission from late-type stars. It is found that the center velocities of the pedestals may be used to determine stellar radial velocities. Observations of large-scale time variations in the intensity of the Ori A SiO maser and the detection of weak maser pedestals associated with each of the two strong emission-feature groups in Orion are also discussed. It is suggested that the Orion molecular cloud might contain two late-type long-period variable stars that may be semiregular variables.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 224
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Possible X-ray counterparts of gamma-ray sources (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The results are presented of a survey regarding the X-ray source positions which fall within the error boxes of 10 unidentified gamma-ray sources observed with the aid of the COS-B satellite. In three cases, including CG 135-1, CG 312-1, and CG 327-0, an X-ray source was found within the gamma-ray error box. However, because of the large uncertainty regarding the gamma-ray source positions, the positional coincidence is not necessarily conclusive. It is, therefore, necessary to take into account additional information on the spectral or temporal characteristics of the X-ray sources. It is found that the X-ray source 4U 02416 plus 1 is a possible candidate as the X-ray-counterpart of CG 135 plus 1 in connection with both spectral hardness characteristics and positional coincidence.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 272; Apr. 20
    Format: text
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