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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (150)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (62)
  • 1975-1979  (212)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1975  (212)
  • 1
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    The imaging photopolarimeter experiment on Pioneer 11 (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: For 2 weeks continuous imaging, photometry, and polarimetry observations were made of Jupiter and the Galilean satellites in red and blue light from Pioneer 11. Measurements of Jupiter's north and south polar regions were possible because the spacecraft trajectory was highly inclined to the planet's equatorial plane. One of the highest resolution images obtained is presented here along with a comparison of a sample of our photometric and polarimetric data with a simple model. The data seem consistent with increased molecular scattering at high latitudes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 188; May 2
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  • 2
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    Mars sample return through parking orbit (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A Mars surface sample return mission using Mars direct entry and Mars parking orbit return is described. The mission is designed for a minimum energy requirement and is relatively simple in comparison to the alternative Mars orbital rendezvous mode. The design calls for minimal science, and uses a single Titan IIIE/Centaur launch vehicle. The primary science areas included are biology, biochemistry, geochemistry, and petrology, for detecting life, age dating, and determining chemical compositions and rock types. The total minimum sample requirement would be 30 g. Sampling conditions and recommended measurements are discussed. Maximum use of hardware and experience from the Mariner, Pioneer, and Viking missions is contemplated. The profile for a 1979 conjunction-class mission would include a total time of 1025 days, including one year in Mars parking orbit after sampling. The lander structure, components, and recovery alternatives are explained.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 13; Jan. 197
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  • 3
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    Volatiles on the surface of Apollo 15 green glass and trace-element distributions among Apollo 15 soils (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Zn, Ge, Cd, In, and Au have been detected in surficial deposits on Apollo 15 green-glass spherules, and it is suggested that these deposits are condensates from the magmatic gas phase which was responsible for the pneumatic expulsion of the green glass from the lunar interior. Thermodynamic data indicate that chlorides and fluorides were the dominant forms of the volatile metals. The Ar-40x content of a nongreen-glass soil fraction is greater than that found in green-glass. Mare and low-K Fra Mauro basalts seem to be the most prominent components of Apollo 15 soil. The correlation of Zn with Ar-40x and with Pb-204 is studied, and the distribution of quartz-normative and olivine-normative basalts is considered.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 17, 1975 - Mar 21, 1975; Houston, TX
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  • 4
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    The maturation of lunar dust grains (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-24
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Res. in the Space Sci., Vol. 2, No. 1; 3 p
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  • 5
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    Mars gravity field based on a short-arc technique (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The magnitudes of 92 surface mass points at designated locations were estimated from the radio tracking data of the Mariner Mars 1971 (M9) orbiter. This result is the first mass point model of a global field. The derived surface mass distribution correlates positively with the visible topography. The Hellas basin contains a mass deficiency, in contrast to some of the lunar basins which contain mass excesses. The Mars gravity field represented by the four parameters of an optimally located mass point (superimposed on an oblate spheroid) has third- and fourth-degree harmonics comparable to those of the complete model.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; July 10
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  • 6
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    Future exploration of Venus (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The present state of knowledge concerning the planet Venus is examined. It is pointed out that Venus, even with our present data, remains enigmatic and contradictory. A summary is given of seven major areas in which further studies are needed. The rewards of such studies would be related to an emergence of basic principles and processes which shape the origin and evolution of planets in general. Present plans for exploring Venus include earth-based radar observations, the Pioneer Venus entry probes, and Orbiter missions. NASA missions after Pioneer depend upon the results of a scientific analysis of the data which will be available at that time. Attention is given to buoyant stations in the Venus atmosphere, survivable landers, and the observation of the Venus surface with the aid of orbiting imaging radar.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 13; May 1975
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  • 7
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    Gravitational theories with nonzero divergence of the energy-momentum tensor (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Assuming that the divergence of the energy-momentum tensor is nonzero leads to a class of theories with consistent field equations and gauge conditions as well as compatibility with the Newtonian limit of the conservation laws. Both the Einstein and the Brans-Dicke theories are used as models, but the extension to other viable theories such as vector-metric and two-metric theories is possible. One particularly interesting theory emerges that agrees with the ordinary Brans-Dicke theory except for the post-Newtonian parameter zeta sub 2, which predicts nonconservation of total momentum. Unfortunately, no accurate experimental limits for this parameter are known. It thus remains for future experiments in lunar-laser ranging to test this theory.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Physical Review D - Particles and Fields; vol. 12
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Major and trace element chemistry of Boulder 1 at Station 2, Apollo 17 (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Twenty-seven samples from Boulder 1 at Station 2 are analyzed for major and trace elements by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and neutron activation analysis. Two types of matrix and several types of clast materials are characterized on the basis of their chemistry. It is shown that one matrix type is a common material at the Apollo 17 site, while the other is probably exotic to that site. The most unusual clast materials found are coarse norite (an old rock no longer found in millimeter fragments at the site) and pigeonite basalt (possibly a highland volcanic rock). It is concluded that the boulder-forming process combined materials from at least two different localities or vertical strata.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: The Moon; 14; Nov
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  • 9
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    Radio detection of interstellar sulfur dioxide (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Interstellar sulfur dioxide (SO2) has been detected in emission from the direction of the Orion Nebula molecular cloud and from Sgr B2. SO2 is the heaviest interstellar molecule detected to date, and the only nonlinear triatomic molecule which does not contain hydrogen. The remarkable Orion emission profiles suggest that two components are supporting the SO2 emission: a dense circumstellar-type envelope, which may be in maser emission, and a warm galactic cloud component.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 198; June 1
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  • 10
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    Some studies of an unusual eucrite - Ibitira (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Ibitira eucrite is remarkable both for its vesicles and its unbrecciated nature. It consists of nearly 63 vol.% pyroxene (Wo14En38Fs48), 31% plagioclase (An95-96), nearly 2% of nickel-iron, troilite, ilmenite, titanian chromite, and 4% of a silica polymorph. It has a mean track density of 1.8 plus or minus 0.3 x 1,000,000 per sq cm, mainly due to cosmic rays. Its pre-atmospheric radius must have been at least 10 cm. The absence of complex radiation effects and presence of vesicles place constraints on the thickness of the Ibitira basalt flow. From the freezing time calculations of Provost and Bottinga, it appears that Ibitira came from a flow no less than 2.5 m and probably no more than 10 or 20 m thick. However, this estimate depends strongly on the viscosity of the melt, which is not well known.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; 39; Sept
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