ALBERT

Notes: The acidic ether fraction of methanol extracts from Cyperus rotundus L. (purple nutsedge) tubers contained inhibitory substances described hereafter as inhibitor β. Inhibitor β inhibited sprouting of excised C. rotundus buds and also the elongation of wheat coleoptiles. The inhibition of bud sprouting by inhibitor β was reversed by the application of N-6-benzyl adenine (BA). Applications of abscisic acid (ABA) also inhibited sprouting of the excised buds and this was similarly reversed by BA applications. Chromatographic evidence suggested that inhibitor β mainly consisted of phenolic materials and possibly ABA as a minor component. The role of BA in enhancing sprouting of C rotundus tubers is discussed.Inhibition des bourgeons de bulbes de Cyperus rotundus L. par I'inhibiteur β ou l'acide abscissique et réversion de ces effects par la N-6-benzyl adénineLa fraction éther acide d'extraits, par le méthanol. de bulbes de Cyperus rotundus L. contient des substances inhibitrices decrites ci-après comme I'inhibiteur β. Cet inhibiteur β a inhibé la germination de bulbes isolés de C. rotundus ainsi que l'élongation de coléoptiles de blé. L'inhibition de la germination des bourgeons par I'inhibiteur βété renversée par l'application de la N-6-benzyl adénine (B.A.). Des applications d'acide abscissique (ABA) ont également inhibé la germination de bourgeons isolés et cet effet a été lui aussi renversé par des applications de B.A. Les chromatogrammes suggèrent que l'inhibiteur β est principalement constitué par des composés phénoliques et peut-être par I'ABA comme composant mineur. Le rôle de la B.A. dans l'inhibition de la germination des bulbes de C. rotundus est discuté.Knospenhemmung der Knollen von Cyperus rotundus L. durch Hemmstoff β oder Abscisinsäure und die Umkehrung dieser Effekte durch N-6-BenzylmleninDie saure Fraktion aus methanolischen Extrakten von Cyperus rotundus L.-Knollen enthielten Hemmstoffe, die im folgenden als Hemmstoff β bezeichnet werden. Hemmstoff β hemmte das Sprossen isolierter C. rotundus-Knospen und die Streckung von Weizenkoleoptilen. Die Hemmung der Knospensprossung durch Hemmstoff β wurde durch An-wendung von N-6-Benzyladenin (BA) aufgehoben. Abscisinsäure (ABA) hemmte auch das Sprossen isolierter Knospen; durch BA wurde es auf ähnliche Weise aufgehoben. Der chromatographische Befund deutet darauf hin. Daß Hemmstoff β sich hauptsächlich aus phenolischen Verbindungen zusammensetzt und möglicherweise in gering-em Unfang ABA enthält. Die Rolle von BA auf die Förderung der Keimung von C. rotundus-Knollen wird diskutiert.

Notes: Further information on the effects of moist heat on certain qualities of peanuts was obtained by heating skin-free kernels in water at 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 °F for 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min. They were drained, held overnight and ground into paste, and evaluated for moisture uptake, shear resistance, color, grinding characteristics and flavor. The performance of peanut paste in a food system was determined by substituting it for almond paste in a macaroon cookie formula. Results showed that moisture uptake and L and b color values increased as the heating temperature and time increased. Resistance to shear decreased as heating time increased for samples heated at 150, 180 and 210 °F. At 90 and 120 °F, however, there were irregular patterns of moisture uptake and shear resistance. All samples were easily ground in a stone mill except those heated at 120 °F for 75 and 90 min which were sticky and gummy. Sensory evaluation indicated that the peanut flavor of the paste was improved by heating at temperatures of 180 and 210 °F. Both heating time and temperature affected the consistency and handling of macaroon cookie batters prepared from the paste as well as the sensory qualities of the finished products. Cookies having the highest overall quality were obtained from pastes with a moisture content of 23–27% and heat treatments of 30 or 45 min at 180 °For 15 min at 210 °F.

Notes: Endogenous growth substances in the shoots of dwarf mutants of Cortland (Cortland 65–6 and Cortland 65–7) and Golden Delicious (Golden Auvil Spur and Yellow Spur) were investigated in relation to dwarfism. The shoots were extracted at three stages of growth, namely: 1) rapid elongation growth, 2) formation of terminal bud, and 3) cessation of cambial growth. The growth substances were partially separated by thin layer chromatography and bioassayed using the Avena first internode and Lepidium seed germination tests.Shoot extracts from the normal Cortland and Golden Delicious plants contained higher levels of auxins at all stages of growth than those from dwarf mutants. Growth-promoting activity was found in two zones on chromatograms developed with isopropanol: ammonia: water (10:1:1 v/v/v):Rf 0.4 to 0.5 and Rf 0.8 to 0.9.The Lepidium seed germination test showed the presence of a highly inhibitory zone between Rf 0.3 and 0.4 in the extracts of dwarf and normal plants. However, the peak of germination inhibition activity was sharp for dwarf mutants and less for extracts of normal growing plants at 3 stages of growth. The inhibitory substance(s) was further purified on TLC plates by successive separations in different solvent systems. Two substances which inhibited the Lepidium seed germination were found, one close to the Rf value of synthetic abscisic acid and the other appeared to be similar to xanthoxin in Rf value, biological activity and UV absorption spectra.

Notes: Internodal segments from 6-weeks-old rape plants (Brassica napus L. cv. Zephyr) were induced to differentiate in vitro producing shoots or shoots and roots on synthetic nutrient medium under controlled conditions. Benzyladenine (BA) alone (5 × 10−6 M) induced multiple shoot formation on all stem explants. Roots were induced on shoots when recultured on nutrient medium supplemented with auxins such as naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) or indoleacetic acid (1AA) or when planted in vermiculite. Complete plant formation was obtained when NAA (2 × 1−6, 5 × 10−6 and 10−5 M) was employed in conjunction with BA at 5 × 10−6M. At higher concentrations (10−5M) NAA retards the shoot development while 1AA suppresses it totally. Lower levels of auxins along with the cytokinin did not retard or inhibit shoot differentiation.