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  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (17)
  • 1971  (17)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The adventitia of the crayfish heart is composed of cells that are separated from each other by an intercellular space about 280 Å wide. Desmosomes are present on apposing surfaces of adjacent cells. A basal lamina underlies the adventitia and consists of a dense, amorphous substance that contains numerous fine filaments.The myocardial cells are striated and an external lamina 0.1 μ thick is present on the surface of the plasma membrane. The nuclei and most of the cytoplasm, glycogen and mitochondria are located at the cell periphery. The myofibrils are composed of thick and thin filaments and confined to the core of the cell. A T system and a well-developed SR are present. Elements of these organelles form dyads at levels that correspond to the H bands, and triads at levels that correspond to the Z bands of the peripheral myofibrils. The relationship of the T tubules to the myofibrils is discussed.Locus cells exhibit a unique pattern of intracellular myofibrillar branching. They branch from a region which has a structure similar to the Z band material. The myofibrils radiate outwardly in various directions and form numerous cellular branches which form intercalated discs with adjacent myocardial cells. These discs are more complex than those observed in poikilothermic vertebrates but are simpler than those in mammals.An endocardium is lacking in the crayfish heart but interstitial cells are present in close association with the myocardial cells and neural elements. Terminal nerve processes deeply embedded in the myocardial cells are described.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Light microscopy of serially sectioned nasopalatine duct remnants in ventral rostral integument of four adult (2 ♂, 2 ♀) fin whales reveals: (1) a common structure in all, (2) blindly ending nasopalatine pits 4 to 9 mm deep, (3) solid epithelial duct remnants 12 to 15 mm long, (4) lack of chemoreceptor endings, and (5) an abundance of presumed mechanoreceptors, mostly of the Pacinian category on the adoral sides, but also including some thinly encapsulated and perivascular ones that extend into the abundant connective tissue papillae of the duct remnants. Comparative and evolutionary relations of these structures are discussed.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The morphology of the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells has been studied in the common newt Triturus viridescens dorsalis by light, conventional transmission and scanning electron microscopy.The pigment epithelium is formed by a single layer of low rectangular cells, separated by a multilayered membrane (Bruch's membrane) from the vessels of the choriocapillaris. The scleral border of the pigment epithelium is highly infolded and each epithelial cell contains smooth endoplasmic reticulum, myeloid bodies, mitochondria, lysosomes, phagosomes and an oval nucleus. Inner, pigment laden, epithelial processes surround the photoreceptor outer and inner segments.The three retinal photoreceptor types, rods, single cones and double cones, differ in both external and internal appearance. The newt, rod, outer segments appear denser than the cones in both light and electron micrographs, due to a greater number of rod lamellae per unit distance of outer segment and to the presence of electron dense intralamellar bands. The rod outer segments possess deep incisures in the lamellae while the cone lamellae lack incisures. Both rod and cone outer segments are supported by a peripheral array of dendritic processes containing longitudinal filaments which originate in the inner segment. The inner segment mitochondria, forming the rod ellipsoid, arelong and narrow while those in the cone are spherical to oval in shape. The inner segments of all three receptor cell types also contain a glycogen-filled paraboloid and a myoid region, just outside the nucleus, rich in both rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The elongate, cylindrical nuclei differ in density. The rod nuclei are denser than those of the cones, contain clumped chromatin and usually extend further vitreally. Similarly, the cytoplasm of the rod synaptic terminal is denser than its cone counterpart and contains synaptic vesicles almost twice as large as those of the cones. Photoreceptor synapses in rods and cones are established by both superficial and invaginated contacts with bipolar or horizontal cells.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 133 (1971), S. 241-251 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Changes with age in bone cortex of the rat were investigated by establishing histological parameters which could be quantitated to estimate age at death. Decalcified cross sections of mandible, femur and tibia were prepared from rats two to 120 days old, and measurements were made of: (1) number of osteons, (2) average number of lamellae per osteon, (3) average Haversian canal diameter, and (4) number of non-Haversian (primary) canals. Multiple regression techniques were used to estimate age at death from several combinations of these variables.With age, the number of osteons per unit area of bone and the number of lamellae per osteon increased, but Haversian canal diameter and the number of primary canals decreased. Multiple regression analyses indicated that age at death could be estimated to ± 3 days of the true value in 95% of the cases. Nomographs based on histological measurements of each bone were prepared which can provide accurate estimates of age between two and 120 days in the Sprague-Dawley female rat. It was concluded that microstructure of bone cortex can not only be quantitated to provide accurate estimates of age but it may also constitute a sensitive measure of the metabolic state of the organism. The techniques utilized should prove useful in anthropology as well in studies of bone aging.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 134 (1971), S. 1-19 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A histological study was undertaken of the differentiation of the lymphomyeloid complex of larvae of the common leopard frog, Rana pipiens, reared at 18-21 °C. Immature lymphocytes are first recognised in the thymus and pronephros at stage I of Taylor and Kollros ('46). By the end of stage II, small lymphocytes are regularly found among the predominant larger lymphoid cells in the thymus, in which corticomedullary differentiation has begun. At this time, a few small lymphocytes are also apparent in the ventral cavity bodies, lymph gland, pronephros, mesonephros and intestine, but rarely occur in the spleen. During stages III and IV extensive development of these components of the lymphomyeloid complex occurs. The organs now contain large numbers of mature lymphocytes and have attained states of differentiation that remain essentially similar in subsequent larval stages. By stage V, small epithelium-associated lymphoid accumulations are abundant throughout the length of the gastrointestinal tract. The anlagen of the procoracoid body and bone marrow appear just prior to metamorphosis.The kidneys are the main sites of blood formation in the larva. Masses of granulocytes are also usually found in the abundant ventral cavity bodies. A consideration of the roles of each of the organs provides insight into the ontogeny of the immune system of the Anura in general.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The general morphology of the mucous gland cell and the nature of the secretory granule in esophageal glands of the newly hatched chick have been described. Lightly basophilic supporting cells, attached to secretory cells by desmosomes and containing tonofilaments, are located on the basal lamina. Electron microscopic studies showed a morphological polarity of the Golgi complex which suggests that mucous precursors are transported from other sites within the cell to the Golgi complex for further packaging into secretory granules. Finally, acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) were specifically stained using the Thorotrast technique and not detected in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the transitional elements, or in the lamellae at the forming face of the Golgi complex. Conversely, AMPS are found in the vicinity of the mature face of the Golgi complex, and in the secretory granules. The acquisition of cytochemical reactivity for AMPS within the Golgi complex is discussed.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferases (uridine-5′-diphosphate-glucuronate glucuronyl transferase, acceptor unspecific, EC 2.4.1.17) function in detoxification of a wide range of aglycons containing phenolic, alcoholic, carboxylic or amino acceptor groups through formation of water-soluble glucuronic acid derivatives. To localize this activity within a specific cell component, purified rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus fractions from rat liver were compared with total homogenates. The UDP-glucuronyl transferase specific activity of the Golgi apparatus fractions was less than or approximately equal to that of the total homogenate whereas this activity was concentrated 3-8 fold in the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum fraction depending upon substrate. We conclude that the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum is the major site of glucuronide formation within the microsome fraction of normal rat livers.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 78 (1971), S. 13-24 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A highly basic, testis-specific, chromosomal protein (MP) can be extracted with acid from testis cells of the mouse, but not from mature spermatozoa. A similar protein (MP') can be isolated from spermatozoa if they are first disrupted with β-mercaptoethanol and urea. The two proteins (MP and MP') are identical as characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Bio-Gel P-10 chromatography, amino-acid analysis and equilibrium ultracentrifugation. They are presumably mouse protamine. Both measurements of the sedimentation velocities of testis cells which synthesize mouse protamine and of the activity of spermatozoa after a pulse label with radioactive arginine show that protamine is synthesized 19 days after the last meiotic S-phase, that is, at an advanced stage of spermiogenesis.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 77 (1971), S. 7-15 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Incubation of slices of seminal vesicles of the guinea pig with cholinergic drugs led to an enhanced secretion of alkaline phosphatase. Incubation with carbamylcholine also stimulated the incorporation of P32 into the phospholipid fraction. Both cholinergic effects required a supply of energy since dinitrophenol was inhibitory. The stimulation of enzyme secretion and phospholipid synthesis by carbamylcholine was completely abolished by atropine. Omission of calcium ions from the incubation medium and pre-treatment of the slices with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) caused a marked reduction in alkaline phosphatase secretion induced by carbamylcholine but had no effect on incorporation of P32 into phospholipids. Adenergic agents such as epinephrine, norepinephrine and isoproterenol did not influence these two processes. Addition of cyclic AMP, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor was also ineffective. The incorporation of P32 into the various phospholipids of the seminal vesicle was examined. In the presence of carbamylcholine, there was a marked increase in the P32-specific activities of phosphatidylinositol (nearly 6-fold) and of phosphatidylserine (about 1.5-fold). These observations indicate that the guinea pig seminal vesicle, a large hollow organ composed of a single layer of epithelium, is ideally suited for studies concerning the biochemistry of macromolecular secretion.
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