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  • Humans
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • 1965-1969  (25)
  • 1967  (25)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 122 (1967), S. 321-343 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The development of neuromasts was studied in two species of teleosts, Cirrhina mrigala Ham. Buch. and Ophicephalus punctatus Bloch, and the findings are presented and discussed. It has been discovered, in the course of this investigation, that a neuromast arises by a process of invagination  -  a fact hitherto not reported. The occurrence of the dorsal lateral line and the accessory lateral line of the trunk, in addition to the main lateral line, has also been reported for the first time for teleosts, although known for other bony fishes.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The squirrel monkey uterine cervix was studied macroscopically and microscopically in intact and ovariectomized monkeys. The effect in ovariectomized monkeys of estradiol dipropionate or progesterone of both given after estrogen priming was studied by PAS staining.The lower portion of the cervix was dilated to form a vestibule into which projected fibromuscular colliculi which arose from the isthmic end of the cervix. The stratified squamous epithelium of the vagina was continuous through the external os with a similar epithelium lining the vestibule and covering the external surfaces of the colliculi. The transitional zone between the stratified epithelium and columnar cells was variable. The colliculi were covered internally with mucosal folds of columnar epithelium continuous with those of the endocervical canal.Glycogen concentration in the smooth muscle did not fluctuate markedly, irrespective of the hormones used. Glycogen granules were more numerous in the stratified squamous epithelium. Malt-diastase-resistant material appeared to be more abundant in the columnar epithelium and glandular lumina when the monkeys received both hormones than when they received solely estrogen or progesterone.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the nerve cell types in the white planarian Procotyla fluviatilis were described. Ganglion cells comprise the major portion of the brain. These cells are irregular in shape with several cytoplasmic processes and contain ribosomes, a sparse endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules, lysosomes, and a Golgi apparatus with numerous small vesicles. Granule-containing cells are situated in the peripheral regions of the brain and along the nerve cords. These cells contain ribosomes, rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and a Golgi apparatus with associated dense granules. The granules occupy most of the cytoplasm and are ∼ 750A in diameter with moderately dense contents, ∼ 750A with opaque contents, and ∼ 1000A with contents of medium density. These granules are similar to those in the nervous systems of higher animals that contain epinephrine, norepinephrine, and neurosecretory substance, respectively. Each cell contains predominantly one type of granule although there is some intermixing of granules and intermediate types between the three most abundant granules. Small clear vesicles, resembling cholinergic synaptic vesicles, and all types of dense granules occur in the neuropil and within nerve endings.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, possesses lympho-myeloid and epithelial structures that are morphologically similar in some respects to lymph nodes of mammals. These organs are present during the entire life cycle of the frog, however, the structures that are present during larval stages do not appear to be morphological precursors of adult organs. According to certain terms used previously by other investigators, two major organs are present throughout the larval stages: the lymph gland and the ventral cavity body. In the adult, the jugular body, the epithelial body, the precoracoid and propericardial bodies are found in the ventral neck region in contrast to the lateral and ventral arrangement of the lymph gland and ventral cavity body in larvae. The function of these organs is not known but it is believed that they play a role in the production of certain blood cells, particularly lymphocytes, and they may be involved in some aspects of the differentiation and maintenance of the immune response capacity.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The enigmatic lophophoral organs of phoronids are demonstrated to by accessory sex glands. In the hermaphroditic Phoronis vancouverensis, each mature adult has two pairs of such glands: female nidamental glands that facilitate the temporary brooding of the embryos and male accessory spermatophoral organs that function in spermatophore elaboration. Functional males of Phoronopsis harmeri have complex accessory spermatophoral organs while females of this non-brooding dioecious species lack accessory sex glands.In both species, coelomic spermatozoa are accumulated within the nephridia and passed en masse into the partially enclosed spermatophoral organs. There each sperm mass is molded into a characteristic shape and encased in one or more membranes before release as a spermatophore into the ambient water. The structure of the spermatophore is characteristic for each species and is correlated with the functional morphology of the distinctive spermatophoral organs.The existence of spermatophores, the non-primitive nature of the spermatozoa, and additional features of reproductive biology dictate that fertilization is internal in these species, but attempts to determine the means of sperm transfer proved futile. Reproductive potential and behaviour of male Phoronopsis, means of gamete segregation in Phoronis, and general pattern of reproductive biology for both phoronids were also studied.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: There were no lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes demonstrable in adult and larval Rana catesbeiana by a method that adequately demonstrated the same in mammals. Although the parenchymal arrangement in the lymphomyeloid organs is not exactly the same as in mammalian hemal nodes, nonetheless the vascular patterns of the lymph glands and jugular bodies are prima facie evidence that they function as blood-filtering organs among other probable functions. The vascular pattern of the lymph gland is that of a rete mirabile, particularly a venous portal system, inasmuch as the afferent and efferent vessels are venous in character and interposed between them is a labyrinth of sinusoids. This is not the case, though, in the adult organs. The vascular pattern of the jugular bodies is very much like the spleen, viz., artery-capillary-sinusoid-vein sequence. It is doubtful, however, if the propericardial and procoracoid bodies ever filter blood, because the smallest blood vessels in them are capillary in type Because of the absence of a well-defined capsule in some parts of the propericardial body, similarly to lymphoid follicles, especially in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, it is probable that it filters tissue fluid. The last two organs are apparently mainly blood cell-forming organs. It is inferred from the vascular connections of the larval and the adult lymphomyeloid organs that they are not genetically related. This aspect was analyzed from earlier developmental data, but actual follow-up of the larval organs to the adult stage is still in progress.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A detailed gross anatomical study of the innervation of the respiratory muscles was made on twenty mature, male, Single Comb White Leghorn chickens. The aim was to demonstrate the general pattern and degree of terminal branching of the intercostal and lumbar nerves that innervate respiratory muscles.The point of entry for all nerves was on the medial face of the proximal third of the belly of the muscles, except for the transversus abdominis and costopulmonary muscles. The nerves were not always accompanied by blood vessels at the point of entry but both were invariably related at their terminal branches within the muscle belly and the tendon or aponeurosis. Within the muscle, primary, secondary, tertiary, and quarternary subdivisions of nerves coursed parallel to the muscle fibers, but some were tortuous. Plexus formation and/or segmental nerve anastomosis was most evident in strongly active expiratory and inspiratory muscles, i.e., all abdominal muscles and the m. costisternalis pars major.A craniocaudal gradient in the size and development of the contractile mass of the intercostal muscles was observed. The mm. intercostales interni increased in size in the caudal intercostal spaces, while the reverse was true for the mm. intercostales externi. Variable forms and sizes of lateroventral abdominal muscles were observed and the m. rectus abdominis was consistently present.The mm. intercostales interni and externi received branches from both the nn. intercostales interni and externi.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A two-stage procedure has been used to obtain hemopoietic spleen colonies derived from single precursor cells containing radiation-induced chromosomal markers. Of a total of 46 colonies examined, 17 were found to contain cells with abnormal karyotypes. In each of the 17 marked colonies, 90% or more of the dividing cells in the colony carried the same marker. Cell suspensions prepared from each of the individual colonies were tested for their content of dividing cells possessing recognizable differentiated functions. Metaphase cells with peroxidase-positive granules in their cytoplasm were considered to be members of the granulopoietic series, while metaphase cells which contained Fe55 were considered to be members of the erythropoietic series. Results were obtained for 12 of the marked colonies, and in nine of these, the percentage of metaphases lacking the marker was less than the percentage of metaphases which were scored as erythropoietic, and also was less than the percentage of metaphases scored as granulopoietic. This is the result which would be expected if the marker were present in both erythropoietic and granulopoietic cells. These results provide support for the view that colony forming hemopoietic stem cells are multipotent, and that differentiation along more than one pathway can occur during the formation of macroscopic splenic colonies.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ribonucleic acid polymerase and deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase have been partially purified from bovine lymphosarcoma, lymph node, and thymus. An examination of the deoxyribonucleic acid requirements of the two enzymes indicates that “native” deoxyribonucleic acid is the preferred template for ribonucleic acid synthesis; heat-denatured deoxyribonucleic acid is considerably less active. The primer requirements for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis differ: “native” deoxyribonucleic acid is usually inactive, while denatured deoxyribonucleic acid is active. The two enzymes also differ in pH optima and in their requirements for metal cofactors.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 69 (1967), S. 259-261 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The failure of the L-cell to grow in a medium containing galactose as the sole carbohydrate was found to be directly related to the initial pH of the medium. Excellent growth of L-M cultures in Eagle's minimum essential medium containing galactose instead of glucose was obtained by adjusting the medium to pH 6.2-6.8.
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