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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of packed columns: V. Effect of solute concentration on gas-phase mass transfer rates (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 290-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In a determination of the effect of solute concentration on gas-phase mass transfer rates carbon tetrachloride was vaporized at three different concentration levels in a short 4.0-in.-diameter column packed with 0.5-in. Raschig rings.The experimental data indicate that previous mass transfer correlations should be modified to include a term (PBM/PT)2/3 and that the Schmidt number should be evaluated at average film conditions.The correlation found is suitable for predicting gas-phase mass transfer coefficients which can be combined with effective interfacial areas reported previously to obtain volumetric mass transfer coefficients for any gas-liquid-solute system.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690050308
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluid dynamics and diffusion calculations for laminar liquid jets (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 397-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In connection with a study of the mechanism of gas absorption the problem arose of predicting absorption rates into laminar liquid jets. A solution to the problem is presented in this paper, which provides an example of the application of fluid dynamics to the analysis of mass transfer in a complex flow system.The water jets considered here issued from circular nozzles of about 1.5-mm diameter, flowed intact downward through an atmosphere of solute gas at average velocities of from 75 to 550 cm./sec. over distances of 1 to 15 cm., and were collected in a receiver slightly larger in diameter than the nozzles. Equations describing the liquid flow near the jet surface are deduced from measurements of jet diameter and analogy to related flow situations. When one uses these equations, absorption rates are predicted from unsteady state diffusion theory with the assumption of interfacial equilibrium. The predicted rates for carbon dioxide at 25°C are in close agreement with experimental determinations over the observed range of contact time of the liquid with gas, namely 0.003 to 0.04 sec.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690050328
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New thermal antioxidants for polyethylene containing carbon black (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 1 (1959), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Common secondary aromatic amine and alkylated phenolic antioxidants lose much of their activity in polyethylene containing carbon black. In contrast their thioether derivatives provide more protection against oxidation than the sum of the separate contributions of carbon black and the sulfur compounds. Organic disulfides and some thio-ethers without amino or phenolic hydrogen also safeguard polyethylene from oxidation but only in the presence of carbon black. Likewise thiols are excellent protectants in combination with carbon black but not in clear polymer. Aliphatic thiols, disulfides, and their polymeric derivatives and related selenium compounds exhibit similar activity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070010108
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of water vapor by unsupported organic films (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2 (1959), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Eight organic coating films were removed from their metal substrates by two very different methods and were examined by means of water vapor adsorption isotherms. The data obtained in this study reveal the rates of adsorption, the relative pressure required to form a monolayer, the number of active sites for water vapor adsorption, and the parameters in the classical BET isotherm equation. Removal of the films by electrolysis in an alkaline bath and by amalgamation of the tin plate produced films of considerably different structure. Since the electrolysis procedure subjects the film to mechanical and possibly chemical alterations, it is proposed that the increase in water vapor adsorption by the former type of films is the result of decreased crystallinity. Consequently, the films removed by amalgamation are considered to be more similar in total structure to the original films.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070020520
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus-containing polymers by a tiwo-phase condensation (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 35 (1959), S. 540-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203512924
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low pressure polyethylene catalystsPresented at the Spring Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Boston, Massachusetts, April 7, 1959. (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 38 (1959), S. 51-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Most of the reported polymerizations of ethylene at atmospheric pressures utilize heterogeneous catalysts. This paper summarizes some studies of the polymerization of ethylene at atmospheric pressure with nonprecipitate titanium+4 catalyst systems. The nature of the alkyl metal used to make the catalyst influences the occurrence of reduction of titanium which produces the usual heterogeneous state. The highly active alkyl metals must be modified to decrease their reducing power. Electrophilic materials which are normally produced during the reduction step in the Ziegler catalysts must be present to obtain optimum activity of the nonprecipitate catalyst. The homogeneous titanium+4 catalysts described here are more active than the usual heterogeneous Ziegler catalyst. The catalyst formation is explained as due to the formation of complexes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203813306
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A viscometric criterion of polymer polydispersity (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 37 (1959), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An index of the molecular weight dispersity of a polymer is afforded by the ratio of viscosity-average molecular weights in two different solvents. The index is proportional to the weight- to number-average molecular weight ratio. The simplicity and ease with which this index can be experimentally obtained is bought to a certain extent by loss of reliability. Extensions of the proposed procedure leading to characterization of the molecular weight distribution are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203713108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of polymers: Polystyrene on carbonPresented in part before the Polymer Division of the American Chemical Society, 133rd National Meeting, San Francisco, California, April 17, 1958. (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 38 (1959), S. 441-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The adsorption of polystyrene from toluene solution on a carbon black has been studied at 25°C. under varying conditions of dryness. The isotherm for adsorption on the relatively dry carbon black exhibited a characteristic steep initial rise as a function of concentration and attained a saturation value. Larger molecules appear from intrinsic viscosity studies to be adsorbed preferentially. The rate of desorption appears to be so low that, for time periods of the order of two weeks, the adsorption of polystyrene is effectively irreversible. The total adsorption of polymer is decreased by extreme drying and by saturating the system with water.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203813415
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoregulated polymerization in the free propagating species. II. Effect of monomer structure on the polymerization of vinyl estersPresented at the 133rd Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry, San Francisco, April 1958. (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 39 (1959), S. 335-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The first paper of the series contained the theoretical prediction that syndiotactic propagation could be favored over isotactic propagation in free radical polymerization by the nature of the monomer substituent group. To check this hypothesis the steric structure of polymers of vinyl acetate and certain haloacetates was investigated. X-ray examination of the polyvinyl esters and the solubility of derived alcohol polymers indicate that the degree of regularity increases in the order: acetate 〈 monochloroacetate 〈 polychloroacetates 〈 trifluoroacetate. The influence of the substituent group is limited in the polyvinyl esters because only the trifluoroacetate shows true crystallinity, and, even in this polymer, the average length of the regular sequences appears to be small. The above order of regularity suggests that the electrostatic factor is more important than the steric factor in the stereoregulated polymerization of vinyl esters. The regular sequences of the trifluoroacetate are indicated to have a syndiotactic configuration from the chain repeat distance. The polymerization of the ester is believed to involve predominantly syndiotactic propagation, with relatively frequent interruptions of isotactic propagation. The generalizations agree with results reported for other stereoregular radical polymerizations. Conceivably, syndiotactic propagation may be preferred for free radical polymerization in general, and polymers produced under radical conditions may be more regular than has been realized.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203913526
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Benzal-Derivate des L-Idits (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 92 (1959), S. 2694-2700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die von E. Fischer und G. Bertrand beschriebenen Tribenzal-L-idite erwiesen sich als identisch mit 1.3;2.4;5.6-Tribenzal-L-idit. Unter wenig abgeänderten Versuchsbedingungen entsteht neben dem Tribenzal-L-idit ein Dibenzal-Derivat, welches einen 2.3.4.5-, wahrscheinlich 2.4;3.5-Dibenzal-L-idit darstellt. Es wird auf den unterschiedlichen Verlauf der Acetalisierung des L-Idits mit Benzaldehyd, bzw. Formaldehyd hingewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19590921103
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