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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (19)
  • Propellants and Fuels
  • 1950-1954  (19)
  • 1951  (19)
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  • 1950-1954  (19)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 6 (1951), S. 691-698 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Employing a reproducible system for the emulsion polymerization of styrene it has been demonstrated that agitation (stirring or shaking) affects both the rate of polymerization and maximum average molecular weight of the polymer formed. Increasing the agitation increases the inhibition, decreases the polymerization rate, and lowers the average molecular weight of the polymer formed. Agitation affects both a peroxide and a persulfate catalyzed polymerization in a similar manner. Agitation effects have been observed in the presence of a redox system and in the presence of a chain modifier. Oxygen has been demonstrated to stop as well as inhibit the initiation of an emulsion polymerization.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 2 (1951), S. 212-221 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Wetting of metals by waterIn the following own experiments and such of other authors are discussed concerning the balances of wetting of air, water and metal,  -  the explanation of which has hardly been tried so far  - , as they appear to be of importance for the basic research of the corrosion of metals. In view of the fact that their methodic has haidty been used in corrosion research, only the basic trials are demonstrated.Prior to the careful measurings of Bartell and Cardwell only more informative researches on the wetting of metals by water were made by older authors. This article, therefore, starts from the experiments on gold and silver made by Bartell and Cardwell. Own observations on mercury follow, which admit certain qualitative statements on account of the knowledge of the respective surface tension of liquid mercury. As regards other metals, among which platinum shows particularly remarkable results, only preliminary qualitative results can be discussed. They lead to some consequences concerning the question of the sort of combining power of oxygen of air to the surfaces of metals.A survey is given on the indirectly gained values of the surface tension of solid metals. These values yield together with the heats of adsorption obtained on metal catalysers a comparative measure for the different adsorption power on metal surfaces.The conclusions from the observed rivalry between the wetting by water and the adsorption of air are compared with the results of various authors on the adsorption of gases or aequous mediums on metal surfaces. Finally a hypothesis is proposed for the traceadhesion of water (Wasscr-Haftspur-Erscheinung).
    Notes: Im folgenden werden fremde und eigene Untersuchungen über Benetzungsgleichgewichte des Stofftrios: Luft, Wasser, Metall, deren Ausdeutung bisher kaum versucht wurde, zusammenfassend diskutiert, da sie für die Grundlagenforschung der Metallkorrosion von Bedeutung sein dürften. Mit Rücksicht darauf, daß ihre Methodik in der Korrosionsforschung bisher kaum Anwendung fand, werden zunächst die Verfahrens-Grund-Lagen dargelegt.Vor den sorgfältigen Messungen von Bartell und Cardwell wurden nur seitens älterer Autoren mehr orientierende Untersuchungen über die Benetzung von Metallen durch Wasser veröffentlicht. Deshalb wird von den Untersuchungen Bartells und Cardwells an Gold und Silber ausgegangen. Hieran schließen sich eigene Beobachtungen an Quecksilber, welche dank der Kenntnis der in Frage kommenden Grenzflächentensionen des flüssigen Quecksilbers gleichfalls noch gewisse quantitative Aussagen ermöglichen. Uber andere Metalle, von denen Platin besonders bemerkenswerte Erscheinungen lieferte, können nur vorläufige, qualitative Ergebnisse besprochen werden; auch ergeben sich einige Folgerungen zur Frage der Bindungsart von Luftsauerstoff an Metalloberflächen.Nach einem Überblick über indirekt erschlossene Werte der Oberflächentension fester Metalle, die neben den an Metallkatalysatoren erschlossenen Adsorptionswärmen ein Vergleichsmaß für die unterschiedliche „Adsorptionskraft“ von Metalloberflächen ergibt, werden dic Schlußfolgerungen aus der zu beobachtenden Konkurrenz von Wasserbenetzung und Luftadsorption mit Ergebnissen verschiedener Autoren über Adsorption an Metallflächen aus gasförmigem oder wäßrigem Medium verglichen. Schließlich wird für die vom Verfasser früher beschriebene Wasserhaftspurerscheinung eine Hypothese vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 2 (1951), S. 90-93 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Allgemeines chemisches Verhalten sowie spezielles Verhalten der Eisenmetalle (Reinsteisen, Flußstahl, Gußeisen), Nichteisenmetalle (Kupfer, Zink, Blei und deren Legierungen) und nichtmetallischen Baustoffe (Zement, Asbestzement, Beton, Ton, Steinzeug und Holz) in Erdböden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 6 (1951), S. 331-349 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 7 (1951), S. 39-55 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The copolymerization of styrene and p-methoxystyrene at 60°C., catalyzed by the thermal decomposition of 2-azobisisobutyronitrile, has been studied. A combination of rate and molecular weight data has shown that δ = (kt1/2/kp) = 25, kf/kp = 1.1 X 10-4 for styrene and δ = 21, kf/kp = 0.74 X 10-4 for p-methoxystyrene. The over-all energy of activation for styrene is shown to be Ep - 1/2Et = 6.2 kcal. The rate of initiation (I) of these monomers does not correspond with the rate of production of free radicals from the catalyst, e.g., experimentally, I = 3.3 X 10-8 and I = 2.1 X 10-8 mole/liter/sec. for styrene and p-methoxystyrene, respectively, at a catalyst concentration of 1 g./liter. The rate calculated from the rate of fission of the catalyst is 12.2 X 10-8 mole/liter/sec. The rates of copolymerization and initiation have been measured for various monomer mixtures; the former was practically independent of monomer composition but the latter varied directly with monomer composition. A value of φ = 1[φ = kt12/(kt11kt12)1/2] satisfies the experimental results, in agreement with the theory previously presented, i.e., that φ2 = (A212/A11A22)(1/r1r2). The validity and usefulness of this theory are discussed in the light of available data and criticisms, and it is shown that both entropy and polar effects play important roles in cross-termination reactions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 7 (1951), S. 587-590 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: As a possible approach to the problem of correlating the relative reactivities of initiating radicals in vinyl polymerizations, theoretical considerations are presented for the extension of the Alfrey and Price Q and e treatment of copolymerization to the initiation process.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 6 (1951), S. 177-187 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 6 (1951), S. 681-689 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Excellent reproducibility of an emulsion polymerization of styrene has been obtained in a nitrogen atmosphere and a technique and apparatus have been described to obtain this reproducibility. The rate of polymerization for this system has been shown to be proportional to the square root of the catalyst concentration and to increase with higher catalyst concentrations. Average molecular weights were higher with higher concentration of catalyst within the catalyst concentrations studied and polymerization occurred without significant pH changes.In contrast, reproducibility of the emulsion polymerization in air atmosphere was unsatisfactory. The presence of air (oxygen) increased the induction period, decreased the rate of polymerization and decreased the average molecular weight of the polymer. Since the time necessary for polymerization was increased, the decrease in pH was considerable during the polymerization.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 6 (1951), S. 7-11 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: (1) A technique has been described for the short-path distillation of substances from rubber. It has been found that sulfur, TMTM, TMTD, ZnDMDC, phenyl-beta-naphthylamine, and palmitic acid are recoverable by this procedure. (2) The conversion of zinc compounds such as zinc oxide and zinc palmitate to ZnDMDC in rubber by treatment first with CS2 and then with dimethylamine has been studied. (3) The volatilization of zinc from vulcanizates after conversion to ZnDMDC has been shown to occur without devulcanization.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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