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  • Cambridge University Press  (17)
  • PANGAEA
  • 1935-1939  (17)
  • 1939  (11)
  • 1938  (6)
  • 1
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    Experimental methods with cotton: II. A study of the effects of seed rate and time of thinning on the development and yield of cotton plants in hand-planted cotton trials (1939)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1939-07-01
    Description: The object of this experiment was, in the first place, to see whether, with cotton experiments, there was an advantage in planting a larger number of seeds per hill than the customary number of three; and, in the second place, to see the effect of the interaction of time of thinning with varying numbers of seeds per hill.In cotton breeding work, where trials of new strains have to be carried out as soon as sufficient seed is available, it is important to conserve seed in all possible ways. At the same time it is necessary to plant sufficient seed to give a full and even stand for all strains.In experiments carried out in 1936–7 and 1937–8 stand counts, made soon after germination, showed the advantage of the higher seed rates in obtaining a quick and full stand. Later counts and final counts at harvest showed a considerable evening up, although the two-seed treatment proved unreliable, giving the lowest stand in both seasons.Plant height and weight records, made during both seasons, showed that plants from the larger hills were drawn up much more rapidly than plants from the smaller hills. This rapid elongation in stem height proved, from weight figures, to be at the expense of lateral development, weak and leggy plants being produced in these hills. The ten-seed treatment showed up particularly badly in this respect, the yield figures showing that the plants never recovered from this early deleterious effect.The six-seed treatment, whilst giving a quick and excellent stand suffered to a certain extent from the same defects as the ten-seed treatment. If thinned early they tended to fill out and become more comparable with plants from the three-seed treatment, but when thinning was delayed they never caught up and final yield suffered adversely.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 2
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    Experimental methods with cotton: I. The design of plots for variety trials (1939)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1939-01-01
    Description: 1. The results of three uniformity trials with a U4 cotton at Barberton are reported. Two of these trials, carried out in a dry year, gave yields in the region of 400 lb. seed cotton per acre; the third, in a wet year, yielded over 1100 lb. per acre.2. Results from the three experiments agreed closely in essential details regarding size and shape of plots.3. In all three cases the percentage standard error per plot decreased rapidly as the plot was lengthened, but tended to increase slightly as the width of the plot was increased.4. The standard error increased as the block size was increased by the addition of more plots, indicating the desirability of keeping the number of strains in a variety trial as low as possible.5. With plots of the same shape the smallest plots were the most efficient, while with plots of the same size the efficiency increased as the plot shape became longer and narrower.6. Two fertility contour maps are given, which illustrate a general patchiness in yield common to cotton crops in the Barberton district.7. Details of the types of plot used at Barberton are given, together with the reasons for their adoption.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study in British Trade Union history. Attempts at ‘General Union’ 1829—1834 (1938)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    International review for social history 4 (1938), S. 359-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1873-0841
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The best-known episode in the early history of Britsh Trade Unionism is the dramatic rise and fall of the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union in 1833—1834. Robert Owen's sudden emergence as the leader of a mass movement reported to number a million adherents, the trial and transportation of the unfortunate ‘Tolpuddle Martyrs’ for the crime of administering unlawful oaths, the presentation of the ‘document’ demanding renunciation of Trade Union membership by masters in many parts of the country, and the complete eclipse of the Grand National within a year of its first foundation, make a story which has been told many times with effect, and does not need telling over again. But though this particular story is well-known, there is a good deal that remains obscure in Trade Union history both during this critical year and, still more, during the few previous years when the idea of an all-embracing ‘General Union of Trades’ was taking hold of one section after another of the British working classes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1873084100000501
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
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    The effect of time and rate of application of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of wheat (1938)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1938-10-01
    Description: Although it is well known that application of nitrogenous fertilizers to wheat often results in considerable increases in yields of grain and straw, and while experiments at Rothamsted and Cambridge have been very valuable not only in demonstrating the magnitude of the yield increases but also in showing how nitrogenous fertilizers bring about these increases, there is singularly little experimental evidence available regarding the increases in yield which may be expected in other parts of the country. Further, there is very little experimental evidence as to the optimum time of application of nitrogen, except at Rothamsted and Cambridge, both of which are in relatively dry districts.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 5
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    On alimentary acetonuria and ketonuria in dairy cattle induced by feeding grass silage of the butyric acid type (1938)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1938-10-01
    Description: Attention has been directed to the occurrence of acetonuria in apparently healthy and in diseased cattle.It has been shown possible to cause an alimentary acetonuria in milch cows experimentally by feeding large quantities of grass silage of the butyric acid type. The reaction of the urine remained alkaline and the ammonia content was within a normal range, showing that there was no real acidosis. The animals seemed by no means to be ill.As to the cause of the acetonuria, a priori, there seemed to be little doubt that in these cases the ketones resulted, in the animal body, from the incomplete oxidation of the butyric acid of the grass silage. Yet, further experiments with a lactic acid silage containing no butyric acid at all indicated that the question may be more complex.
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 6
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    The function of the cuticle in relation to the porosity of eggs (1938)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1938-01-01
    Description: 1. The porosity of egg is measured by the usual practice of estimating the weight loss under standard conditions. The porosity coefficient is expressed as the loss in weight in mg. per sq. cm. of egg surface per 24 hr. at 37°C.P coeff.=mg. cm.2 24 hr. 37°.2. It is shown that eggs of even curvature approximate closely to the ideal mathematical form of two hemi-prolate spheroids, differing in their eccentricities and meeting in the plane of their common minor axes. On this assumption the divergence between the observed and calculated long perimeter is only +0·618 per cent (five eggs) and between the observed and calculated volumes+3·78 per cent (seventy eggs).3. It is explained how, by taking the specific gravity of the egg to correct for departures from the theoretical form, it is possible to calculate the surface area with an error not exceeding 1 per cent.
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 7
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    Field experiments on the effect of applying a nitrogenous fertilizer to wheat at different stages of growth (1939)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1939-07-01
    Description: An account is given of the results of two series of field experiments carried out at Rothamsted and Woburn in the years 1926 to 1936 on the effect of nitrogenous fertilizers on wheat. In the first series a comparison was made of the effects of early (March) and late (May) top-dressings, and in the second series a range of times of application from sowing to the end of May were tested.At Rothamsted, the increases of yield of grain produced by the nitrogenous fertilizer were small and rarely significant, but they were greater at Woburn. On the average of all experiments, the effect of the fertilizer on yield of grain was independent of the time of application. In individual years, variation in effectiveness between times of application was found, and this was correlated with the amount of rain falling in a short period after the time of application. At Woburn, the effectiveness of the fertilizer decreased with increase in the amount of rain falling immediately after the application of the fertilizer, but at Rothamsted the effects were less clear and appeared to be in the opposite direction.The effects on straw yield were relatively greater, and more consistent, than those on grain yield. A greater increase of straw yield was produced by early top-dressing (January–March) than by application at the time of sowing, and the increase declined steadily the later the time of topdressing. Shoot height was increased by the nitrogenous fertilizer, and varied with time of application in a similar manner to straw yield.
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 8
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    A study on the date of ear emergence in barley (1939)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1939-04-01
    Description: 1. The discrepancy between the results obtained by various workers concerning the inheritance of earliness or the time of ear emergence in cereals, suggests that this character needs further elucidation physiologically before genetic analysis can be properly undertaken.2. A study of the ear emergence characteristics of varieties when grown under varying conditions indicates that the expression of this character is very much affected by the growing conditions, and the physiological basis must be understood before the various expressions of earliness and lateness are appreciated. It is therefore suggested that the genetic analysis should be conducted in conjunction with a physiological analysis and with a proper consideration and understanding of the effect of environment.3. A series of crosses involving parental forms differing in time of ear emergence, and in some cases belonging to different physiological groups, has shown how differences in genetic behaviour can to some extent be correlated with the physiology of ear emergence of the parents.4. In one cross involving similar types, no evidence of segregation or large genetic difference was obtained. In two crosses involving larger differences of similar types, evidence for a single major factor difference was obtained. In other crosses between different physiological types, and an unstable form, more complex genetic results including transgressive inheritance were obtained. Still other crosses superficially suggested a 3: 1 ratio in the F2, but the presence of a certain amount of transgression, and the behaviour of the F3, pointed to a more complicated relationship.5. Two crosses involving different physiological types were studied in the F1 and the F2 when sown at different times in the spring by dividing the progenies into separate portions. It was shown that the behaviour of the F1 and the F2 of the same cross was materially affected by the sowing time.
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
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    Analysis of post-weaning growth in pigs (1939)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1939-04-01
    Description: 1. The post-weaning growth of 135 litters has been analysed with a view to determining the relationship of certain arbitrary subdivisions with each other. For this purpose, the weight increases during three periods of 28 days have been denned in two ways—first, by age, the periods being 10–14, 14–18, and 18–22 weeks, and secondly, by weight, the periods beginning at 40, 80 and 120 lb. and continuing as before for 4 weeks.2. When the periods are defined by age, the mean increase per pig per litter is affected by weaning weight, but not by litter size (Table III). The variability of the individual increases becomes greater as the pigs become older and heavier (that is, passing from one period to a later one), but less within a period as the rate of growth increases (Table IV). It was not affected by litter size.3. The distribution of individual weights became increasingly skew with age. This is regarded as a graphical illustration of the fact that while absolute rate of growth is increasing, initially small animals must fall farther and farther behind (Graph 3).4. The correlations between the average litter increases in different periods were calculated for litter sizes 6–11. In general, the coefficient for periods 1 and 2 was about 0·4, and for periods 2 and 3 about 0·6 (Table VI). This is interpreted to mean that, when judged by results over the whole time under observation, litters with a high correlation between the increases in weight during short periods are not properly comparable with those with a low correlation. By this method, differences in rate of growth having an important influence on carcass quality may be obscured.
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 10
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    Factors influencing the percentage of nitrogen in the barley grain of Hoosfield (1939)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1939-07-01
    Description: The effect of rainfall, sowing date and yield on the percentage of nitrogen in the barley grain of certain representative plots on Hoosfield is studied.All these factors are shown to have marked effects. The farmyard manure plot differs from the others, both in mean percentage and in the effects of rainfall and yield.Changes in variety appear to have had little apparent influence, but there is a progressive decrease in the percentage of nitrogen which cannot be accounted for by changes in any of the above factors, and which may well be due to varietal improvementComparison is made with the results of the similar study on the permanent barley plots at Woburn.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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