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  • Articles  (63)
  • Journal of the American Ceramic Society  (13)
  • 6716
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (63)
  • Political Science
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  • Articles  (63)
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (63)
  • Political Science
  • Physics  (50)
  • 1
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    Electrochemical Fingerprint of Archeological Lead Silicate Glasses Using the Voltammetry of Microparticles Approach (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-11
    Description: The application of a solid-state electrochemical technique, voltammetry of microparticles (VMP), for studying archeological lead glass is described. Upon attachment to graphite electrodes immersed into aqueous acetate buffer, characteristic voltammetric profiles were obtained for submicrosamples of archeological glasses dated between the 9th and 19th centuries. Bivariate and multivariate chemometric analyses of the VMP data allowed us to characterize individual workshops/provenances which enabled a clear discrimination between soda-rich and potash-rich glasses. An analysis of the VMP data, combined by XRF, FESEM, AFM and ATR-FTIR and Micro-Raman spectroscopies, denoted the presence of Pb(IV) centers accompanying network-former and network-modifier Pb(II).
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
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    Electrochemical Fingerprint of Archeological Lead Silicate Glasses Using the Voltammetry of Microparticles Approach (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-10
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Ceramic Society.
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  • 3
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    The Influence of Activated Coal Mining Wastes on the Mineralogy of Blended Cement Pastes (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-25
    Description: In recent years, kaolinite-based wastes are focusing the attention of researchers to obtain recycled metakaolinite, with consequent environmental and socioeconomic benefits. One of these lines of research is based on coal mining waste, which once activated thermally, it becomes a highly pozzolanic product (ACM). This study reports the influence of activated carbon mining waste on the formation and evolution of the mineralogical phases in the ACM/cement system as well as their influence on the microstructure up to 90 d of reaction. Mineralogical analyses clearly show that the addition of ACM modified mineralogical compounds of blended cements. The C 4 AH 13 and C 4 A H 12 were the predominant phases in this type of cements; while in the ordinary portland cement cements, portlandite, ettringite, and carboaluminate were main hydrated phases. Two differential zones in the pore size distribution of the C–S–H gels at 12 and 4.5 nm were observed, predominating the formation of C–S–H gels at 12 nm when 20% of ACM was added to the cement.
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    Raman Spectroscopy of Anhydrous and Hydrated Calcium Aluminates and Sulfoaluminates (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-02
    Description: Recent investigations have revealed the great potential of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of clinker minerals and commercial Portland cements. The usefulness of this technique for the identification of anhydrous, hydrated, and carbonated phases in cement-based materials has been demonstrated. In the present work, the application of micro-Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of the main clinker phases of calcium aluminate cements and calcium sulfoaluminate cement is explored. The main stable hydrated phases as well as several important carbonated phases are investigated. Raman measurements on the following phases are reported: (i) pure, unhydrated phases: CA, C 12 A 7 , CA 2 , C 2 AS, cubic- C 3 A , C 4 AF, and C 4 A 3 ; (ii) hydrated phases: ettringite, monosulfoaluminate, and hydrogarnet ( C 3 AH 6 ); (iii) carboaluminate phases: hemicarboaluminate and monocarboaluminate. The present results, which are discussed in terms of the internal vibrational modes of the aluminate, carbonate, and sulfate molecular groups as well as stretching O–H vibrations, show the ability of Raman spectroscopy to identify the main hydrated and unhydrated phases in the aluminate and sulfoaluminate cements. The Raman spectra obtained in this work provide an extended database to the existing data published in the literature.
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
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    Starch Consolidation Casting of Cordierite Precursor Mixtures—Rheological Behavior and Green Body Properties (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-02
    Description: The rheology of suspensions and mechanical properties of green bodies with cordierite composition (raw materials 37 wt% kaolin, 41 wt% talc, 22 wt% alumina, resulting in 46.6 wt% SiO 2 , 38.1 wt% Al 2 O 3 , 13.6 wt% MgO) and two types of starch (corn or potato) are investigated. Rotational viscometry of suspensions with solids loading 50, 60, and 70 wt% without starch showed that all tend to be shear-thinning with a small degree of thixotropy. Suspensions with a total solids loading of 60 wt% with 25 wt% replaced by starch exhibited higher viscosity and thixotropy, but the viscometric behavior is almost identical for the two starch types (apparent viscosities 130–50 mPa ·s). Oscillatory rheometry shows that for suspensions with potato starch the onset temperature for gelatinization is 61°C–63°C, that is, lower than for corn starch (72°C–73°C). Maximum storage moduli and phase shift values after gelatinization are similar for both systems. The mechanical properties of green disks, measured via diametral compression tests, reveal clear differences between materials prepared with corn and potato starch, with the latter showing higher elastic modulus, higher strength, and higher deformation at fracture, obviously because of incompletely gelatinized starch granules in the green bodies prepared with corn starch .
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
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    Nanostructured Solids from Freeze-Dried Precursors: Multigram Scale Synthesis of TiO2-Based Powders (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-29
    Description: Nanocrystalline TiO 2 and Ti 1− x V x O 2 ( x  = 0.01) powders have been prepared by thermal decomposition, in air, of amorphous precursors resulting from the freeze-drying of appropriate solutions. In addition, TiO 2− x N y (anatase and rutile) and Ti O x N y (rock-salt) have been prepared by thermal treatment in ammonia of a crystalline precursor ( TiO 2 obtained at 673 K). TEM and SEM images, as well as the analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, show the nanoparticulated character of those solids obtained at low temperatures, with typical particle sizes in the 10–20 nm range when prepared at 673 K. The UV–Vis results indicate both the insertion of V in the anatase lattice and the feasibility of nitridation at low temperatures. The photocatalytic properties of these materials (as prepared and after their incorporation to mortar samples) in the degradation of nitrogen oxides have been preliminary evaluated. Although N-doping enhances the photocatalytic activity of the TiO 2 matrix, V-doping worsens it.
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
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    TEM and SAED Characterization of Metakaolin. Pozzolanic Activity (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-07-05
    Description: The present study deals with a characterization of metakaolin pozzolanic activity and its chemical character exhibited in the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) blends by means of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Selected-Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) techniques principally. Metakaolin sample was prepared by calcination of kaolin rock (Guadalajara, Spain) at 780°C. Two OPC of different chemical composition from the tricalcium aluminate content point of view were chosen and Portland cement blends series elaborated and then submitted to the pozzolanic activity test (EN 196-5 or Frattini test ). The main mineralogical components of the metakaolin are determined qualitatively: χ-alumina and quartz. The chemical character of the metakaolin is described because of its final composition as well as due to its Al atoms possible coordination. The crystalline order of the material is found to be of both amorphous and polycrystalline, being an intimate amorphous mixture of alumina and silica. Finally, all the alumina capable of reacting chemically is denominated and classified as reactive alumina component, Al 2 O 3 r− , of pozzolans, as well as the aluminic chemical character of metakaolin in OPC blends is once again proved and exhibited by means of Friedel's salt formation studied already at 4 h-age.
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
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    Microstructure and Conductivity of La1−xSrxGa0.8Mg0.2O3−δ Electrolytes Prepared Using the Freeze-Drying Method (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-02-26
    Description: Polycrystalline powders of La 1− x Sr x Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 3−δ (LSGM) ( x =0.05, 0.10, and 0.20) were synthesized using an alternative freeze-drying method. Precursors and sintered pellets of LSGM were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, paying special attention to the temperature dependence of phase formation and microstructure evolution. The results of this study indicate that dense LSGM samples with a low level of Sr doping x ≤0.1 can be prepared as a single phase at 1300°C, although a temperature of 1400°C is required for samples with a higher Sr content ( x 〉0.1). The phase formation and densification processes take place in a short time due to the small particle size and the low degree of agglomeration of the synthesized powders. Dense samples of La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 3−δ without secondary phases are obtained after sintering at 1400°C for only 15 min with ionic conductivity values of 0.1 S/cm at 800°C.
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
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    The Sub-System α-TCPss-Silicocarnotite within the Binary System Ca3(PO4)2–Ca2SiO4 (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-01-06
    Description: Silicon ( Si ) influences the biologic activity of calcium phosphate materials by modifying material properties and by direct effects on the physiological processes in skeletal tissue. Compositions belonging to the system dicalcium silicate (Ca 2 SiO 4  = C 2 S )-tricalcium phosphate ( Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2   = TCP), able to release that element in situ , are promising candidates for preparing new ceramic bone implants. An exact knowledge of the phase relationships in the system is required to design materials with controlled phase compositions and properties. Thus, a study of the sub-system α-TCP ss -Silicocarnotite within the C 2 S–TCP system was studied as a preliminary step toward obtaining new monophasic and/or biphasic bioceramics. Phase composition of the resulting ceramics was studied using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with attached wavelength dispersive spectrometer. The results showed that the sub-system presents an invariant eutectoid point at 1158°C ± 2°C for a composition of 83 wt% Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and 17 wt% Ca 2 SiO 4 , and typical eutectoid microstructure of lamellae morphology.
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
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    Effect of CeO2 on the Glass Structure of Sodium Germanate Glasses (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-28
    Description: Germanate glasses have potential applications as optical fibers. Materials doped with rare earth ions are good candidates for optical, lasing, and magnetic applications. Based on the ternary system, CeO 2 – Na 2 O – GeO 2 a series of six glasses were fabricated using powder fusion, and varying the Na 2 O content from 0 to 45 mol%, and a CeO 2 content constant at 3 mol%. The glasses were analyzed by FT-IR, Raman and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies to obtain information about the glass structure, cerium oxidation's state and how it is introduced in the glass network. FT-IR and Raman spectra revealed the presence of GeO 6 and GeO 4 groups as well as Q 2 and Q 3 units in the glasses with alkali low content. XPS spectra analysis revealed that the cerium ions were reduced from Ce 4+ to Ce 3+ . The nonbonding to total oxygen ratio was estimated from the curve fitting of the O 1s core level spectra. Density and elastic parameters showed a nonlineal tendency in the change of the physical properties as a function of Na 2 O content. Finally, photoluminescence spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Ce 3+ ions. The characteristic 4f   5d electronic transitions at 360 nm were detected, when a 280 nm excitation line of pulsed laser was used as excitation source.
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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