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Hail potential in Europe based on a regional climate model hindcast (2015)

S. Mohr, M. Kunz, B. Geyer

Wiley

In: Geophysical Research Letters

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-10

Beschreibung: Due to the local-scale nature of hail and a lack of appropriate observation systems, comprehensive, reliable and consistent information about hail frequency and intensity in Europe is not available. To overcome this constraint, we developed a logistic hail model that quantifies the potential of the atmosphere to form hailstorms. The model is based on a combination of appropriate hail-relevant meteorological parameters. This paper presents the application of an adjusted version of the logistic model with the objective being to estimate the hail potential across Europe based on dynamically-downscaled NCEP/NCAR1 reanalysis over a long-term period of 60 years (1951–2010). The model output, in terms of the Potential Hail Index (PHI), identified several hot spots that are well known from other observational studies. Time series of the PHI over the 60-year period show a high correlation at different sites across Europe, high annual and multiannual variability, but no overall trend.

Print ISSN: 0094-8276

Digitale ISSN: 1944-8007

Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik

Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).

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Sediment transport due to extreme events: the Hudson River estuary after Tropical Storms Irene and Lee (2013)

David K. Ralston, John C. Warner, W. Rockwell Geyer, Gary R. Wall

Wiley

In: Geophysical Research Letters

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Publikationsdatum: 2013-10-06

Beschreibung: [1] Tropical Storms Irene and Lee in 2011 produced intense precipitation and flooding in the U.S. Northeast, including the Hudson River watershed. Sediment input to the Hudson River was approximately 2.7 Mt, about 5 times the long-term annual average. Rather than the common assumption that sediment is predominantly trapped in the estuary, observations and model results indicate that ~2/3 of the new sediment remained trapped in the tidal freshwater river more than 1 month after the storms, and only about 1/5 of the new sediment reaching the saline estuary. High sediment concentrations were observed in the estuary, but the model results suggest this was predominantly due to remobilization of bed sediment. Spatially localized deposits of new and remobilized sediment were consistent with longer term depositional records. The results indicate that tidal rivers can intercept (at least temporarily) delivery of terrigenous sediment to the marine environment during major flow events.

Print ISSN: 0094-8276

Digitale ISSN: 1944-8007

Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik

Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).

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Wave Breaking Turbulence at the Offshore Front of the Columbia River Plume (2014)

Jim Thomson, Alex R. Horner-Devine, Seth Zippel, Curtis Rusch, W. Geyer

Wiley

In: Geophysical Research Letters

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-11

Beschreibung: Observations at the Columbia River plume show that wave breaking is an important source of turbulence at the offshore front, which may contribute to plume mixing. The lateral gradient of current associated with the plume front is sufficient to block (and break) shorter waves. The intense whitecaping that then occurs at the front is a significant source of turbulence, which diffuses downward from the surface according to a scaling determined by the wave height and the gradient of wave energy flux. This process is distinct from the shear-driven mixing that occurs at the interface of river water and ocean water. Observations with and without short waves are examined, especially two cases in which the background conditions (i.e., tidal flows and river discharge) are otherwise identical.

Print ISSN: 0094-8276

Digitale ISSN: 1944-8007

Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik

Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).

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