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U/Th age constraints on the absence of ice in the central Inn Valley (eastern Alps, Austria) during Marine Isotope Stages 5c to 5a (2006)

Spötl, Christoph ; Mangini, Augusto

Cambridge University Press

In: Quaternary Research. 2006; 66(1): 167-175. Published 2006 Jul 01. doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.03.002.

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Publication Date: 2006-07-01

Description: Calcitic flowstones are present in fractures of a Pleistocene breccia near Innsbruck, Austria, and record periods of carbonate precipitation in the unsaturated zone between 101,500 ± 1500 and 70,300 ± 1800 yr, constrained by U-series disequilibrium dates. The occurrence of these speleothems, their low carbon isotopic composition, and the lack of infiltrated siliciclastic material demonstrate that the central Inn valley – which harbored one of the most extensive valley glaciers during the last glacial maximum – was ice-free during Marine Isotope Stages 5c to 5a. Climatically warm periods are separated by distinct drops in the oxygen isotopic composition of the speleothem calcite, attributed to strong and possibly seasonally biased atmospheric cooling. During these intervening stadials, which mirror those identified in the Greenland ice cores and marine sea-surface temperature records, calcite deposition apparently came to a halt, but the Inn Valley remained ice-free. The youngest calcite layer formed between ∼74,000 and ∼70,000 yr and places a maximum age limit on the likely expansion of alpine glaciers during the Marine Isotope Stage 5/4 transition, consistent with other speleothem records.

Print ISSN: 0033-5894

Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287

Topics: Geography , Geosciences

Published by Cambridge University Press

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Holocene Climate Variability in Sicily from a Discontinuous Stalagmite Record and the Mesolithic to Neolithic Transition (2006)

Frisia, Silvia ; Borsato, Andrea ; Mangini, Augusto ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: Quaternary Research. 2006; 66(3): 388-400. Published 2006 Nov 01. doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.05.003.

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Publication Date: 2006-11-01

Description: Fabric and stable isotopic composition of a Holocene stalagmite (CR1) from a cave in northern Sicily record changes in paleorainfall in the early Holocene. High δ13C stable isotope values in the calcite deposited from ca. 8500 to ca. 7500 yr ago are interpreted as reflecting periods of high rainfall. The wet phase was interrupted by two periods of multi-century duration characterized by relatively cool and dry winters centered at ca. 8200 and ca. 7500 yr ago, highlighted by low δ13C and δ18O values. A high variability of δ13C values is recorded from ca. 7500 to ca. 6500 yr ago and indicates that the transition from a pluvial early Holocene to the present-day climate conditions was punctuated by decadal-scale periods of relatively dry winters. In northern Sicily, the traditional elements of the Neolithic appear at ca. 7700 yr ago. It is possible that changes in rainfall influenced the passage from hunter-gathering to farming and sheep-herding economies.

Print ISSN: 0033-5894

Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287

Topics: Geography , Geosciences

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Warm Period Growth of Travertine during the Last Interglaciation in Southern Germany (2000)

Frank, Norbert ; Braum, Margarethe ; Hambach, Ulrich ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: Quaternary Research. 2000; 54(1): 38-48. Published 2000 Jul 01. doi: 10.1006/qres.2000.2135.

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Publication Date: 2000-07-01

Description: Late-Quaternary travertine at two sites near Stuttgart formed entirely during interglacial periods. The travertine contains structures from growth induced by bacteria, and such structures have been dated by 230Th/U mass spectrometry. The resulting ages from both sites imply growth episodes of short duration, with growth rates up to 5 mm yr−1, at 99,800 ± 1300 yr B.P. (2σ n = 8) and 105,900 ± 1300 yr B.P. (2σ n = 7). These episodes were likely part of marine isotope stage (MIS) 5.3. Deposition of silt interrupted travertine growth at one of the sites ∼105,000 yr B.P. Likely correlatives of this silt are the St. Germain I-B stade recorded in the Grand Pile peat bog and a cold episode ∼1000 yr long recorded by δ18O values in the GRIP ice core. Travertine also formed during stage 5.5 (∼115,000 yr) and during the early Holocene. We found no evidence for travertine accumulation in stages 2, 3, 4, and 5.1. At both sites, the Sr/U ratio and the initial 234U/238U activity ratio resemble those of modern spring water. However, the sites differ in the chemical composition of spring water and in stratigraphic sequence of travertine accumulation.

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Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287

Topics: Geography , Geosciences

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The Age of the Holstein Interglaciation: A Reply (1988)

Barabas, Michael ; Mangini, Augosto ; Sarnthein, Michael ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: Quaternary Research. 1988; 29(1): 80-84. Published 1988 Jan 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(88)90075-0.

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Publication Date: 1988-01-01

Print ISSN: 0033-5894

Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287

Topics: Geography , Geosciences

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The Holstein Interglaciation: Time-Stratigraphic Position and Correlation to Stable-Isotope Stratigraphy of Deep-Sea Sediments (1986)

Sarnthein, Michael ; Stremme, Helmut E. ; Mangini, Augusto

Cambridge University Press

In: Quaternary Research. 1986; 26(3): 283-298. Published 1986 Nov 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(86)90090-6.

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Publication Date: 1986-11-01

Description: Marine molluscan shells from para-type and other localities of the Holsteinian interglaciation were dated by Th/U and the electron spin resonance (ESR) method to more than 350,000 and 370,000 yr B.P., beyond the limit of Th/U dating. The high age estimate is corroborated by a K/Ar age of 420,000 yr B.P. determined from volcanic ash near the base of the Ariendorf paleosol in the Middle Rhine valley believed to be a pedostratigraphic equivalent of the Holsteinian. Shells from the Herzeele marine unit III, an equivalent of the Wacken (Dömnitz) warm stage in northern France and subsequent to the Holsteinian, revealed ages between 300,000 and 350,000 yr B.P. A correlation of these two warm stages with marine oxygen-isotope stages 11 and 9 on the SPECMAP and CARTUNE time scales is suggested. From the benthic oxygen-isotope record one may infer that no exceptionally high global sea-level rise corresponds to the large transgressions of the Holstein Sea in northern Germany. Therefore, a significant proportion of the transgression was probably the result of an unusually large local glacial-isostatic depression caused by the extreme buildup of ice during the preceding Elster glaciation (stage 12). According to the deep-sea record, it lasted approximately 50% longer than the subsequent cold stage 10. The outstanding soil formation with Braunlehm and the well-developed thermal optimum of the Holsteinian are tentatively related to a phase of minimum sea-ice cover in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea, as deduced from long benthic carbon-isotope records from the central Atlantic.

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Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287

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Changing moisture sources over the last 330,000 years in Northern Oman from fluid-inclusion evidence in speleothems (2003)

Fleitmann, Dominik ; Burns, Stephen J. ; Neff, Ulrich ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: Quaternary Research. 2003; 60(2): 223-232. Published 2003 Sep 01. doi: 10.1016/s0033-5894(03)00086-3.

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Publication Date: 2003-09-01

Description: Speleothems from Hoti Cave in northern Oman provide a record of continental pluvial periods over the last 330,000 yr. Periods of rapid speleothem deposition occurred from 6000 to 10,500, 78,000 to 82,000, 120,000 to 135,000, 180,000 to 200,000, and 300,000 to 330,000 yr ago, with little or no growth during the intervening periods. During each of these five pluvial periods, δD values of water extracted from speleothem fluid inclusions (δDFI) are between −60 and −20‰ (VSMOW) and δ18O values of speleothem calcite (δ18OC) are between −12 and −4‰ to (VPDB). These values are much more negative than modern rainfall (for δD) or modern stalagmites (for δ18O). Previous work on the isotopic composition of rainfall in Oman has shown that northern and southern moisture sources are isotopically distinct. Combined measurements of the δD values of fluid-inclusion water with calculated δ18O values from peak interglacial speleothems indicate that groundwater was predominantly recharged by the southern (Indian Ocean) moisture source, when the monsoon rainfall belt moved northward and reached Northern Oman during each of these periods.

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Temperature and Monsoon Tango in a Tropical Stalagmite: Last Glacial-Interglacial Climate Dynamics (2018)

Huguet, Carme ; Routh, Joyanto ; Fietz, Susanne ; [et al.]

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports. 2018; 8(1): Published 2018 Mar 29. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23606-w.

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Publication Date: 2018-03-29

Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322

Topics: Natural Sciences in General

Published by Springer Nature

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GBS-derived SNP catalogue unveiled wide genetic variability and geographical relationships of Italian olive cultivars (2018)

D’Agostino, Nunzio ; Taranto, Francesca ; Camposeo, Salvatore ; [et al.]

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports. 2018; 8(1): Published 2018 Oct 26. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34207-y.

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Publication Date: 2018-10-26

Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322

Topics: Natural Sciences in General

Published by Springer Nature

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Spatiotemporal beam self-cleaning for high-resolution nonlinear fluorescence imaging with multimode fiber (2021)

Moussa, Nawell Ould ; Mansuryan, Tigran ; Hage, Charles-Henri ; [et al.]

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports. 2021; 11(1): 18240. Published 2021 Sep 14. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-96753-2.

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Publication Date: 2021-09-14

Description: Beam self-cleaning (BSC) in graded-index (GRIN) multimode fibers (MMFs) has been recently reported by different research groups. Driven by the interplay between Kerr effect and beam self-imaging, BSC counteracts random mode coupling, and forces laser beams to recover a quasi-single mode profile at the output of GRIN fibers. Here we show that the associated self-induced spatiotemporal reshaping allows for improving the performances of nonlinear fluorescence (NF) microscopy and endoscopy using multimode optical fibers. We experimentally demonstrate that the beam brightness increase, induced by self-cleaning, enables two and three-photon imaging of biological samples with high spatial resolution. Temporal pulse shortening accompanying spatial beam clean-up enhances the output peak power, hence the efficiency of nonlinear imaging. We also show that spatiotemporal supercontinuum (SC) generation is well-suited for large-band NF imaging in visible and infrared domains. We substantiated our findings by multiphoton fluorescence imaging in both microscopy and endoscopy configurations.

Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322

Topics: Natural Sciences in General

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