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  • German  (4)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The nucleation of earthquakes and their seismic waves cannot be predicted in a deterministic sense. However probabilistic hazard and risk estimations can be conducted which help to increase the preparedness and reduce the vulnerability of societies. Those estimations are based on the rapidly growing number of empirical earthquake data recorded by seismic networks or known from historical or geological studies, which show that earthquakes are not randomly occurring. They typically occur clustered in space and time with specific characteristics such as the Gutenberg-Richter law for the frequency-magnitude distribution. Seismicity models have to account for earthquake interactions to avoid erroneous estimations of the activity level and spatial distribution of future activity. Additionally, the vulnerability of societies is changing with with time, because of the dynamic reconstruction and growth of cities in earthquake-prone regions. Thus new sophisticated models, strategies, and methods have to be developed and tested for all components of the earthquake risk chain to improve our probabilistic hazard and risk estimations.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The scientific principles of reservoir engineering are a decisive key for an appropriate development of geothermal resources. Conventional geothermal resources cover a wide range of uses for power production and direct application. For unconventional systems a large scientific and industrial community has been involved in developing so-called Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). The concept involves different ways to increase access to heat at depth by improving exploration methods, drilling and reservoir assessment technologies for deep geothermal resources, and ultimately the stimulation of low-permeability reservoirs. These stimulation treatments are a well established and well understood method with long experience in the oil and gas industry. They should be designed individually depending on the reservoir rock properties, stratigraphic sequences, and structural geological setting to achieve the best results in terms of developing an appropriate down hole heat exchanger and a strategy to reduce the risk of undesired seismic events. Designing a special concept of the well path, including sub horizontal sections in the reservoir and special alignment according to the stress field, offers the possibility for multiple fracture treatments in a well to develop the geothermal field. In case of generating mostly tensile fractures with minor shear displacement, sustainability of fracture opening can be assured by adding proppants (meshed sand or man-made ceramics). A cyclic injection design in combination with the multi-frac concept tends to produce less seismic events with significant lower total seismic energy release if compared to a constant flow rate and a single fracture treatment.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Die Arbeit verfolgt zwei Hauptziele. Erstens soll die Mikromechanik der Bruchentwicklung in Gestein unter Druck mittels der Emissionsanalyse erörtert werden. Hierbei wird neben dem Emissionsort (Rißlokalisierung) ebenfalls die Stärke (Amplitude, Energie) und Abstrahlcharakteristik der Emission zur Identifikation der Quelle benutzt. Rißinitüerung, das Wechselwirken von Mikrorissen und das Versagen des Gesteins können beobachtet und quantifiziert werden. Das zweite Hauptziel der Arbeit besteht darin, raum-zeitliche Ereigniskorrelation und ausgewählte Wellenzugparameter auf ihre Vorläufertauglichkeit eines Makrobruchs zu prüfen.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
    Format: application/pdf
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