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  • English  (12)
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  • English  (12)
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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    The GFZ-1 mission : design, operations and first results (1996)
    Potsdam : GeoForschungsZentrum
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: 21/STR 96/09
    In: Scientific technical report
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 94 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Scientific Technical Report STR / Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam 96/09
    URL: https://doi.org/10.48440/gfz.b103-96097
    Classification:
    Gravity Field
    Language: English
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
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    Eliminating poverty through social mobility promotes cooperation in social dilemmas (2022)
    In:  Chaos, Solitons and Fractals
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-11
    Description: Numerous social problems can be directly related to poverty, and its elimination is thus often declared a grand challenge in modern human societies. Nevertheless, it is difficult to shake the belief that certain fractions of the population would like to see it maintained to ensure the availability of cheap workforce and its readiness to do the hardest jobs, as well as to keep the prices of natural resources in the afflicted countries as low as possible. Here we show, however, that by allowing low-income individuals to escape poverty, either by means of mobility to pursue potential opportunities in remote areas or by ending dilemmas through social learning in local areas, greatly increases cooperation and thus has the potential to raise the social capital. In particular, we find that mobility of low-income individuals can promote cooperation when the per capita mobility rate is as low as in the order of magnitude as long as network reciprocity is still active. This synergy between network reciprocity and mobility is due to the emergence of large cooperative clusters that are in this size impossible without mobility. Moreover, we find that the mobility of defectors undermines cooperation, but only a few defectors actually move as they are typically well off when surrounded by cooperators. On the contrary, the higher the cooperation level, the greater the proportion of low-income cooperator that move. Our research thus shows that by providing ways out of poverty for individuals can raise whole societies out of economic gridlocks by elevating cooperation levels.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Deterrence through punishment can resolve collective risk dilemmas in carbon emission games (2023)
    In:  Chaos
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Description: Collective risk social dilemmas are at the heart of the most pressing global challenges we are facing today, including climate change mitigation and the overuse of natural resources. Previous research has framed this problem as a public goods game (PGG), where a dilemma arises between short-term interests and long-term sustainability. In the PGG, subjects are placed in groups and asked to choose between cooperation and defection, while keeping in mind their personal interests as well as the commons. Here, we explore how and to what extent the costly punishment of defectors is successful in enforcing cooperation by means of human experiments. We show that an apparent irrational underestimation of the risk of being punished plays an important role, and that for sufficiently high punishment fines, this vanishes and the threat of deterrence suffices to preserve the commons. Interestingly, however, we find that high fines not only avert freeriders, but they also demotivate some of the most generous altruists. As a consequence, the tragedy of the commons is predominantly averted due to cooperators that contribute only their “fair share” to the common pool. We also find that larger groups require larger fines for the deterrence of punishment to have the desired prosocial effect.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Improvement in Global Gravity Field Recovery Using GFZ-1 Satellite Laser Tracking Data (1999)
    In:  Journal of Geodesy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    The GFZ-1 Mission: Design, Operations and First Results (1996)
    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-14
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 6
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    Background Parameter Effects on Linear–Nonlinear Chorus Wave Growth in the Planetary Magnetosphere (2020)
    In:  The Astrophysical Journal
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-29
    Description: We investigate the effects of the background dipole magnetic field and cold electron number density on the linear and nonlinear growth of whistler-mode chorus waves for a region of relatively small anisotropy (A T ) in Saturn's inner magnetosphere. The linear and nonlinear features of wave growth rate and associated frequency at L = 6 are presented in detail. Although a large anisotropy is generally in favor of linear and nonlinear wave growth, the nonlinear wave growth for a small anisotropy can still be generated. All cases show a small threshold for wave amplitudes ${\tilde{B}}_{\mathrm{th}}$, which compromises the requirement to trigger the nonlinear wave growth, but the comparisons also clearly indicate the important transition process from the linear phase to the nonlinear phase. After checking the variation of the calculation time steps depending on the chosen electron number density N c and background magnetic field B c , respectively, a large N c can promote the nonlinear wave growth, but a large B c works against it. Our results present how these parameters really affect the generations of linear and nonlinear wave growth quantitatively. This could be significant to further understand the monumental importance of whistler-mode chorus waves and the corresponding wave–particle interactions in the planetary magnetosphere.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    Sea ice drift retrieval based on fengyun-3D multi-sensor data (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-04
    Description: Under the background of global warming, sea ice changes rapidly. Sea ice drift is an important indicator for sea ice flux, atmospheric and ocean circulation, and ship navigation. Currently, the large-scale observed sea ice drift datasets are mainly obtained based on single-sensor remotely sensed data, which suffer low spatial resolution or poor spatial continuity. Considering that passive microwave radiometer and medium-resolution optical sensor complement each other in terms of spatial resolution and continuity, this study proposed a novel sea ice drift retrieval method based on Fengyun-3D (FY-3D) multi-sensor data. The proposed method is summarized as follows. First, low resolution sea ice drift fields were obtained from FY-3D Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) data based on the normalized cross-correlation pattern-matching method. Then, fine resolution vectors were extracted from FY-3D Medium-Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) data based on A-KAZE feature-tracking method. Finally, the low resolution pattern-matching vectors and fine resolution feature-tracking vectors were merged together based on Co-Kriging algorithm to obtain the final sea ice drift result. The proposed method was evaluated by comparing the buoy displacements obtained from the International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP) with the retrieved merged vectors from FY-3D remotely sensed images collected in the Beaufort Sea, the East Siberian Sea, and the Fram Strait on 2020. The results showed that the proposed method can retrieve accurate, fine resolution and spatial continuous sea ice motion fields.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 8
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    Climate-driven vegetation greening further reduces water availability in drylands (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-05
    Description: Climate change alters surface water availability (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, P–ET) and consequently impacts agricultural production and societal water needs, leading to increasing concerns on the sustainability of water use. Although the direct effects of climate change on water availability have long been recognized and assessed, indirect climate effects occurring through adjustments in terrestrial vegetation are more subtle and not yet fully quantified. To address this knowledge gap, here we investigate the interplay between climate-induced changes in leaf area index (LAI) and ET and quantify its ultimate effect on water availability during the period 1982-2016 at the global scale, using an ensemble of data-driven products and land surface models. We show that ~44% of the global vegetated land has experienced a significant increase in growing-season-averaged LAI and climate change explains 33.5% of this greening signal. Such climate-induced greening has enhanced ET of 0.051±0.067 mm yr〈sup〉-2〈/sup〉 (mean±s.d.), further amplifying the ongoing increase in ET directly driven by variations in climatic factors over 36.8% of the globe, and thus exacerbating the decline in water availability prominently in drylands. These findings highlight the indirect impact of positive feedbacks in the land-climate system on the decline of water availability, and call for an in-depth evaluation of these phenomena in the design of local mitigation and adaptation plans.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 9
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    Conserving the unique aquatic ecosystem of the Jiuzhai National Heritage Site after the 2017 earthquake: Achievements and challenges (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-02
    Description: Water resources are the key link within the unique landscape of the Jiuzhaigou World Natural Heritage Site. However, the earthquake on 8 August 2017 induced serious damage to the ecosystem of the Jiuzhaigou region. Water resource quantity was threatened by the direct destruction of the connectivity between the upstream and downstream river systems, whereas water quality and the original aquatic ecosystem were worsened indirectly by secondary disasters, such as landslides and debris flows triggered by earthquakes. It is urgent to protect water resources to maintain a healthy aquatic ecosystem for the Jiuzhaigou World Natural Heritage Site. Therefore, water resource protection strategies are developed by collaboratively considering water quantity, quality and aquatic ecology, including 1) studying the relationship between upstream and downstream in terms of water supply and connectivity, 2) developing emergency plans for extreme precipitation disasters and ecological water regulation schemes for extreme drought, 3) clarifying the impact of vegetation management measures on water conservation, nutrient cycling and water quality, 4) separating the contributions of earthquakes from related disasters, hydrodynamic changes, and lake bank vegetation succession to lake swamping, 5) identifying the potential water pollution risk caused by ecological restoration projects, analyzing the sources of pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and atmospheric acid deposits and developing control measures, and 6) systematically evaluating aquatic ecological health and determining water ecological protection and restoration measures. This review may provide critical viewpoints for conserving aquatic ecosystems, not only in the Jiuzhai World Natural Heritage Site but also in other global conserved aquatic parks.
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    The progress in solar radio spectroscopy-imaging observations and heliospheric observations by interplanetary scintillation (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-26
    Description: Mingantu Spectral Radioheliograph (MUSER), is an aperture-synthesis imaging telescope, dedicated to observing the Sun, operating on multiple frequencies in the dm to cm range. MUSER is located in Mingantu Town, Inner Mongolia of China, about 400 km northwest of Beijing. MUSER is composed of two arrays of 40 4.5m antennas covering 400MHz -2 GHz, and 60 2m antennas covering 2 - 15 GHz including outdoor devices with antennas, LNBs, and indoor devices including receivers, correlators, etc. In the period of 2014-2019, about 94 solar radio burst events have been registered by MUSER. During the rising phase of the 25th solar cycle, MUSER also records some new events. The project to extend MUSER to the 40 - 400 MHz frequency regime with 224 log-periodic dipole antennas is under construction. The construction of a new 3-site Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) telescope with the main site having three 140 m by 40m cylinder antennas at MUSER site and 2 sub-sites having 30 m parabolic antennas about 200 km apart has been approved and is under construction. All these are due to complete within a couple of years. We present the recent progress of the solar radio spectroscopy-imaging results from these facilities, including near-future developments and upgrades, as well as the progress of the IPS telescopes under construction in China. The MUSER and IPS telescopes at Mingantu Observing Station, National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences will play important role in solar and heliospheric physics.
    Language: English
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