ALBERT

Description: The accurate estimations of Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) contribution to sea-level rise require a comprehensive analysis of ice flow dynamic responses to subglacial hydrology, which is currently lacking. Questions arise about how subglacial meltwater affects glacier velocity. The main objective of this study is to observe the influence of the subglacial hydrology system on Kangerlussuup Sermia glacier (Central-West Greenland) velocity through the time series analysis. The previous studies categorized GrIS glaciers into 3 types based on their seasonal velocity changes. However, these studies are still inadequate for a complete understanding of spatial channel distribution. The current study mainly observed the variations in velocity along the glacier flowline of 10km length from the snout position, which are predominantly important to observe the spatial basal hydrology channel distributions and ocean water circulation. We used 13 pairs of Sentinel-1 SAR dataset (from January-2022 to January-2023) and observed the every month velocity changes. The maximum velocity rates are observed during the early summer season due to the increment of subglacial water pressure from the surface meltwater. Later, the deceleration observed from July to August, and the velocity rates are constant during most of the melt season due to the drainage channels becoming more channelized. Although maximum surface velocities observed at the snout (nearly 5.5 m/day), the deceleration rate from July to August is (≈15m in 35 days) is constant throughout 10km profile. Our results reveal that spatial distribution of the drainage pattern is same for the selected profile length of the Kangerlussuup Sermia glacier.

Description: 1. Climate change is impacting marine ecosystems and their goods and services in diverse ways, which can directly hinder our ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), set out under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 2. Through expert elicitation and a literature review, we find that most climate change effects have a wide variety of negative consequences across marine ecosystem services, though most studies have highlighted impacts from warming and consequences of marine species. 3. Climate change is expected to negatively influence marine ecosystem services through global stressors — such as ocean warming and acidification — but also by amplifying local and regional stressors such as freshwater runoff and pollution load. 4. Experts indicated that all SDGs would be overwhelmingly negatively affected by these climate impacts on marine ecosystem services, with eliminating hunger being among the most directly negatively affected SDG. 5. Despite these challenges, the SDGs aiming to transform our consumption and production practices and develop clean energy systems are found to be least affected by marine climate impacts. These findings represent a strategic point of entry for countries to achieve sustainable development, given that these two goals are relatively robust to climate impacts and that they are important pre‐requisite for other SDGs. 6. Our results suggest that climate change impacts on marine ecosystems are set to make the SDGs a moving target travelling away from us. Effective and urgent action towards sustainable development, including mitigating and adapting to climate impacts on marine systems are important to achieve the SDGs, but the longer this action stalls the more distant these goals will become.